Practice Question
Which client/s are at risk for poor perfusion? (select all that apply)
Answer Choices:
Correct Answer:
50-year-old with atherosclerotic heart disease
Rationale:
50-year-old with atherosclerotic heart disease
💎 Atherosclerosis leads to the narrowing and hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup, reducing blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues.
💎 This impairs systemic and cardiac perfusion, increasing the risk of ischemia, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
💎 The restricted vessel diameter decreases the heart’s ability to meet tissue oxygen demands, especially during exertion.
💎 Management includes cholesterol control, antiplatelet therapy, and lifestyle modification to restore adequate perfusion.
55-year-old that smokes two packs of cigarettes a day
💎 Cigarette smoking causes vasoconstriction, damages the endothelial lining of blood vessels, and accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation, all of which impair perfusion.
💎 Nicotine and carbon monoxide reduce oxygen delivery and increase the risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD).
💎 Chronic smoking also increases blood viscosity, placing additional strain on the heart and reducing oxygen supply to tissues.
💎 Smoking cessation is the single most effective intervention to improve vascular health and circulation.
75-year-old with hypertension
💎 Hypertension exerts constant high pressure on arterial walls, leading to vascular remodeling, thickening, and loss of elasticity, which compromises tissue perfusion.
💎 Over time, this damages end organs such as the heart, kidneys, brain, and retina, causing complications like heart failure, renal insufficiency, and stroke.
💎 The elderly population is particularly vulnerable because of age-related decline in vascular compliance and cardiac output.
💎 Tight blood pressure control and lifestyle modifications can help maintain adequate perfusion and prevent further vascular damage.
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This question is from Examplify NR283 Quiz 3a BSNOL SEPT25 which contains 19 questions.
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Question Details
- Category: RN Nursing Exam(s)
- Subcategory: Examplify Exam(s)
- Domain: Medical-Surgical
- Answer Choices: 5