Practice Question
What initiates the process of angiogenesis (development of new blood vessels)?
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Correct Answer:
Growth factors
Rationale:
🌱Angiogenesis is initiated by pro-angiogenic growth factors—most notably VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and bFGF/FGF-2—released by hypoxic tumor cells and stromal elements.
🌱These ligands bind endothelial tyrosine-kinase receptors, activating MAPK/PI3K pathways that drive endothelial proliferation, migration, and tube formation.
🌱HIF-1α stabilization in hypoxia upregulates VEGF transcription, making growth-factor signaling the primary trigger that starts neovessel sprouting.
🌱Downstream steps (e.g., protease activation, integrin switching, matrix remodeling) depend on the initial growth-factor signal to proceed.
🌱Therapeutically, anti-VEGF agents (e.g., bevacizumab) blunt this initiation step, reducing tumor vascularity and nutrient/oxygen supply.
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This question is from ☑️ NR412-EXAM4 which contains 50 questions.
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Question Details
- Category: RN Nursing Exam(s)
- Subcategory: Examplify Exam(s)
- Domain: Pathophysiology
- Answer Choices: 3