Practice Question
A nurse is preparing to administer vaccines to a 1-year-old child. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse give? (Select all that apply.)
Answer Choices:
Correct Answer:
Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP)
Rationale:
DTaP
🔹 A 1-year-old child is due for the fourth dose of the DTaP vaccine, making administration appropriate at this age.
🔹 This vaccine protects against three severe illnesses—diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis—which are especially dangerous in young children.
🔹 Pertussis outbreaks continue globally, so timely DTaP vaccination is essential to maintaining herd immunity and preventing severe respiratory illness.
🔹 The vaccine is well-studied and shown to be safe and effective during the second year of life, aligning with CDC/WHO schedules.
🔹 Providing DTaP at 12 months ensures continuity of immunity, reducing the risk of life-threatening complications.
MMR
🔹 The first dose of the MMR vaccine is recommended between 12–15 months, making it appropriate for a 1-year-old.
🔹 This vaccine protects against highly contagious viral diseases, especially measles, which has seen increasing outbreaks worldwide.
🔹 MMR is a live attenuated vaccine, and infants younger than 12 months do not have adequate immune maturity, so this timing is essential.
🔹 Early administration prevents severe complications such as encephalitis, pneumonia, and long-term neurodevelopmental damage.
🔹 Vaccinating at this age supports population immunity and reduces transmission in daycare and community settings.
Varicella (VAR)
🔹 The first dose of varicella vaccine is recommended at 12–15 months, perfectly aligning with the age of this child.
🔹 Chickenpox can lead to severe skin infections, pneumonia, and hospitalization in unvaccinated children.
🔹 Immunizing early helps prevent both acute infection and later complications such as herpes zoster (shingles).
🔹 The vaccine is safe, effective, and included in routine childhood immunization schedules worldwide.
🔹 Administering VAR at this age helps build strong adaptive immunity, reducing disease burden in the community.
HPV4
🔹 The HPV vaccine is not recommended before age 9, making it inappropriate for a 1-year-old.
🔹 HPV transmission risks occur later in life, particularly during adolescence, not early childhood.
🔹 Giving it at this age would provide no immunologic benefit, as infants’ immune systems cannot mount the necessary long-term response.
🔹 HPV vaccines are designed for pre-adolescent or adolescent protection, aligned with sexual maturity and exposure risk.
🔹 Administering HPV to a 1-year-old is outside all national and international vaccination guidelines, making it unsafe and ineffective.
Rotavirus (RV)
🔹 The rotavirus vaccine must be completed by 8 months of age, which means a 1-year-old child is too old to receive it.
🔹 Giving RV outside the recommended window increases risk for intussusception, a serious bowel obstruction emergency.
🔹 The timing is strict because rotavirus causes severe dehydration primarily in younger infants.
🔹 After 8 months, the risk–benefit ratio shifts significantly, making delayed administration unsafe.
🔹 All guidelines clearly state that RV cannot be initiated or continued after 8 months, making this option inappropriate for a 1-year-old.
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This question is from Custom: Peds Assessment one 2025 which contains 53 questions.
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Question Details
- Category: RN Nursing Exam(s)
- Subcategory: ATI Exam(s)
- Domain: RN ATI Pediatrics
- Answer Choices: 5