Practice Question
A nurse is teaching a patient about allogeneic stem cell transplant (AlloHSCT) with a myeloablative (high-dose) chemotherapy regimen. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select All that Apply.)
Answer Choices:
Correct Answer:
“You may receive drugs to suppress your immune system after the transplant"
Rationale:
🔹 “You may receive drugs to suppress your immune system after the transplant.”
📌Following an allogeneic stem cell transplant, the patient is at risk for the donor cells attacking the recipient’s tissues (graft-versus-host disease, GVHD)
📌To minimize this immune reaction, immunosuppressive drugs such as tacrolimus, cyclosporine, or methotrexate are prescribed.
📌These medications reduce the chance of graft rejection and GVHD but also leave the patient highly susceptible to opportunistic infections.
📌Education about adherence, monitoring for side effects, and infection prevention is essential.
🔹 “The high-dose chemotherapy will completely destroy your bone marrow before transplant.”
📌In a myeloablative regimen, very high doses of chemotherapy (sometimes combined with radiation) are given to eradicate all bone marrow cells.
📌This eliminates the patient’s diseased marrow (e.g., leukemia cells) and creates space for donor stem cells to engraft.
📌Because this process wipes out the patient’s hematopoietic system, the individual becomes extremely vulnerable to infection, anemia, and bleeding until engraftment occurs.
📌Close monitoring and protective isolation are needed during this period.
🔹 “You are at risk for a complication, Graft-Versus-Host-Disease, where the donor cells attack your body.”
📌GVHD occurs because the donor’s immune cells recognize the recipient’s tissues as foreign and mount an immune attack.
📌It most commonly affects the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, causing symptoms such as rash, jaundice, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.
📌GVHD can be acute (within 100 days) or chronic (after 100 days) post-transplant, and its prevention is a central focus of post-transplant care.
📌Patients and caregivers must be educated to report symptoms promptly to ensure early intervention.
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This question is from Custom 2201 Unit 1 Exam 2025 which contains 53 questions.
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Question Details
- Category: RN Nursing Exam(s)
- Subcategory: ATI Exam(s)
- Domain: RN ATI Adult Health
- Answer Choices: 5