Question

The nurse encourages a female client with human papillomavirus (HPV) to receive continued follow-up care because she is at risk for:.

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Cervical cancer.

Rationale :

🟪 HPV (human papillomavirus) is the most significant risk factor for the development of cervical cancer, especially types 16 and 18, which are known to be oncogenic.

🟪 Persistent infection with high-risk HPV strains can lead to the development of precancerous lesions on the cervix, which may progress to invasive cancer if not detected and treated early.

🟪 Routine follow-up care, including Pap tests and HPV screening, is essential to identify early cellular changes that indicate dysplasia or carcinoma in situ.

🟪 HPV vaccines (e.g., Gardasil) can prevent the most dangerous strains, but once infected, surveillance is key to prevent complications.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Respiratory depression

Rationale :

🔷 Opioids administered during labor can cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation, leading to central nervous system depression in the newborn.

🔷 One of the most critical complications of this is respiratory depression, which may manifest immediately after birth.

🔷 Newborns exposed to maternal opioids might display decreased respiratory effort, poor muscle tone, and decreased alertness.

🔷 Naloxone may be required if the infant does not respond adequately to stimulation or resuscitation and opioid exposure is confirmed.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Check the fetal heart rate.

Rationale :

🌟 After rupture of membranes, the priority is to assess fetal well-being by checking the fetal heart rate (FHR) to detect signs of umbilical cord prolapse or fetal distress, which can occur when the cord slips through the cervix after fluid loss.

🌟 The fetal heart rate should be assessed immediately following spontaneous rupture to rule out bradycardia, a potential sign of cord compression.

🌟 Although notifying the provider and changing the linen may be appropriate actions, they are not priority over checking the FHR, which ensures the baby's oxygenation status.

🌟 A vaginal exam should be avoided until fetal well-being is confirmed, especially if cord prolapse is suspected.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

20

Rationale :

Given:

Ordered dose: 1600 units/hour
Concentration: 40,000 units ÷ 500 mL = 80 units/mL

Formula:

IV rate = Ordered dose ÷ Concentration

IV rate = 1600 units/hour ÷ 80 units/mL = 20 mL/hour

✅ Answer: 20 mL/hour

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Present the information in a factual, nondirective manner.

Rationale :

🔹 Nondirective counseling is a foundational principle in genetic counseling. It ensures that clients receive objective, factual information so they can make autonomous decisions without pressure or influence from the healthcare provider.

🔹 The nurse’s role is to support the couple emotionally and ethically, providing guidance without imposing opinions or making choices for them.

🔹 This approach respects the family's values, beliefs, and cultural background, while still addressing the potential for a genetic abnormality with accuracy.

🔹 While other actions (e.g., confidentiality, history-taking) are also important, they support the process, but the most important action is how information is delivered: factually and nondirectively.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Estrogen deficiency.

Rationale :

🔷 Estrogen deficiency is the primary cause of vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats in postmenopausal women. This hormonal drop affects the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, leading to sudden feelings of heat, flushing, and perspiration.

🔷 As estrogen levels fall, the body’s ability to regulate temperature becomes erratic, causing episodes that are often most severe during sleep.

🔷 These symptoms are common in the early postmenopausal period and may vary in intensity and duration among individuals.

🔷 Hormone replacement therapy or lifestyle modifications may be used to alleviate these symptoms based on the woman’s health profile and preferences.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Internal rotation.
Flexion.
Descent.

Rationale :

🔷Internal rotation

▪️ Internal rotation occurs as the fetus’s head rotates to align with the maternal pelvis, usually turning from an occiput transverse to an occiput anterior position.

▪️ This movement is critical to allow the widest part of the fetal head to navigate through the narrowest part of the maternal pelvis.

▪️ Without internal rotation, the head may not properly align with the vaginal canal, complicating delivery and increasing the likelihood of assisted or cesarean birth.

▪️ It typically happens after engagement and descent, during the second stage of labor.

🔷Flexion

▪️ Flexion involves the fetal chin tucking down toward the chest, presenting the smallest diameter of the fetal head (suboccipitobregmatic) to the birth canal.

▪️ This movement optimizes the passage of the head through the maternal pelvis, reducing resistance and easing labor.

▪️ Flexion is a natural result of the resistance the fetal head meets as it encounters the pelvic floor and cervix.

▪️ This stage is crucial for a smoother, more efficient descent and rotation of the fetus.

🔷Descent

▪️ Descent is the downward movement of the fetus through the birth canal and is continuous throughout labor.

▪️ It is influenced by uterine contractions, pressure from the amniotic fluid, and maternal pushing during the second stage of labor.

▪️ Descent must occur before other cardinal movements such as internal rotation and extension can take place.

▪️ The degree of descent is measured by the fetal station in relation to the ischial spines (from –5 to +5).

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Participating in regular daily exercise.

Rationale :

♦ Weight-bearing exercise such as walking, dancing, or light strength training helps maintain bone density by stimulating osteoblast activity, reducing bone loss commonly seen after menopause.

♦ Postmenopausal women are at increased risk of osteoporosis due to declining estrogen levels, which accelerate bone resorption.

♦ Daily physical activity improves balance and muscle strength, reducing the risk of falls and fractures.

♦ Exercise also supports calcium regulation and bone remodeling, which are essential for skeletal health during aging.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Congenital anomalies.

Rationale :

🔷 A glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 13% is critically high and indicates poor glycemic control over the past 2–3 months.

🔷 During the first trimester (organogenesis period), uncontrolled maternal hyperglycemia significantly increases the risk of fetal congenital anomalies, particularly neural tube defects and cardiac malformations.

🔷 The risk of malformations increases progressively with rising HbA1c; levels above 12% are associated with up to a 25% risk of anomalies.

🔷 Early pregnancy is the most vulnerable period for teratogenesis, making this a primary concern in diabetic pregnancies with poor glycemic control.

🔷 Other complications like placental abruption or incompetent cervix are more commonly related to other risk factors or later stages of pregnancy.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Naloxone.

Rationale :

🟡 Naloxone (Narcan) is an opioid antagonist used to rapidly reverse respiratory depression caused by opioids during labor or after delivery.

🟡 It works by competitively binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system, thereby displacing opioid agonists and restoring normal respiratory function.

🟡 It is particularly critical in obstetric settings when maternal opioid use leads to decreased respiratory drive, and may also be used in newborns experiencing neonatal respiratory depression from maternal opioids.

🟡 The nurse should monitor the client's respiratory rate and be prepared to administer repeat doses if the opioid has a longer duration of action than naloxone.

🟡 Naloxone is given IV, IM, or subcutaneously, depending on urgency and availability.

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Southeastern College Maternity exam

No.

1 :
The nurse encourages a female client with human papillomavirus (HPV) to receive continued follow-up care because she is at risk for:.

2 :
A woman in labor received an opioid close to the time of birth. The nurse would assess the newborn for which effect?

3 :
A client's membranes spontaneously ruptured, as evidenced by a gush of clear fluid with a contraction. What would the nurse do next?

4 :
Your patient is receiving Heparin via a continuous IV infusion at a rate of 1600 units per hour. The bag is labeled N/S 500 mLs and contains Heparin 40,000 units. What rate should the IV pump be set at to deliver this ordered amount of Heparin? mLs/hr.

Given:

Formula:

5 :
The nurse is counseling a couple who suspect that they could bear a child with a genetic abnormality. What would be most important for the nurse to do when working with this family?.

6 :
When teaching a group of postmenopausal women about hot flashes and night sweats, the nurse would address which primary cause?.

7 :
A nurse is preparing a class for pregnant women about labor and birth. When describing the typical movements that the fetus goes through as it travels through the passageway, which movements would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

8 :
Which measure would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a woman to reduce the risk of osteoporosis after menopause?.

9 :
A pregnant woman with diabetes at 10 weeks' gestation has a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 13%. At this time the nurse should be most concerned about which possible fetal outcome?.

10 :
A woman in labor who received an opioid for pain relief develops respiratory depression. The nurse would expect which agent to be administered?.

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Southeastern College Maternity exam

No.

1 : The nurse encourages a female client with human papillomavirus (HPV) to receive continued follow-up care because she is at risk for:.

2 : A woman in labor received an opioid close to the time of birth. The nurse would assess the newborn for which effect?

3 : A client's membranes spontaneously ruptured, as evidenced by a gush of clear fluid with a contraction. What would the nurse do next?

4 : Your patient is receiving Heparin via a continuous IV infusion at a rate of 1600 units per hour. The bag is labeled N/S 500 mLs and contains Heparin 40,000 units. What rate should the IV pump be set at to deliver this ordered amount of Heparin? mLs/hr.

Given:

Formula:

5 : The nurse is counseling a couple who suspect that they could bear a child with a genetic abnormality. What would be most important for the nurse to do when working with this family?.

6 : When teaching a group of postmenopausal women about hot flashes and night sweats, the nurse would address which primary cause?.

7 : A nurse is preparing a class for pregnant women about labor and birth. When describing the typical movements that the fetus goes through as it travels through the passageway, which movements would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

8 : Which measure would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a woman to reduce the risk of osteoporosis after menopause?.

9 : A pregnant woman with diabetes at 10 weeks' gestation has a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 13%. At this time the nurse should be most concerned about which possible fetal outcome?.

10 : A woman in labor who received an opioid for pain relief develops respiratory depression. The nurse would expect which agent to be administered?.

1 :
The nurse encourages a female client with human papillomavirus (HPV) to receive continued follow-up care because she is at risk for:.

2 :
A woman in labor received an opioid close to the time of birth. The nurse would assess the newborn for which effect?

3 :
A client's membranes spontaneously ruptured, as evidenced by a gush of clear fluid with a contraction. What would the nurse do next?

4 :
Your patient is receiving Heparin via a continuous IV infusion at a rate of 1600 units per hour. The bag is labeled N/S 500 mLs and contains Heparin 40,000 units. What rate should the IV pump be set at to deliver this ordered amount of Heparin? mLs/hr.

5 :
The nurse is counseling a couple who suspect that they could bear a child with a genetic abnormality. What would be most important for the nurse to do when working with this family?.

6 :
When teaching a group of postmenopausal women about hot flashes and night sweats, the nurse would address which primary cause?.

7 :
A nurse is preparing a class for pregnant women about labor and birth. When describing the typical movements that the fetus goes through as it travels through the passageway, which movements would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

8 :
Which measure would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a woman to reduce the risk of osteoporosis after menopause?.

9 :
A pregnant woman with diabetes at 10 weeks' gestation has a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 13%. At this time the nurse should be most concerned about which possible fetal outcome?.

10 :
A woman in labor who received an opioid for pain relief develops respiratory depression. The nurse would expect which agent to be administered?.