Question

A nurse is preparing to initiate intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for a newly admitted 12-month-old infant. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Use a 24-gauge catheter to start the IV.

Rationale :

🔹 24-gauge catheters are ideal for infants, as they accommodate the small, fragile veins without causing trauma.

🔹 Minimizes the risk of infiltration or phlebitis, which is more common with larger gauges.

🔹 Using the smallest suitable catheter ensures safe delivery of IV fluids and medications.

🔹 Children under 2 years old typically require fine-gauge access to reduce pain and vascular injury.

🔹 This practice aligns with pediatric IV insertion standards, prioritizing safety and vein preservation.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Pediculosis corporis (lice)
Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies)

Rationale :

🔸 Pediculosis corporis is caused by lice, a parasitic infestation of body hair and skin.

🔸 Scabies is caused by a mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, which burrows into the skin.

🔸 Both are parasitic infestations, meaning the organisms live on or in the skin.

🔸 Contagion prevention is essential, including hygiene and contact precautions.

🔸 Topical antiparasitic medications are required for effective treatment of both conditions.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Resting the affected extremity
Applying ice
Compression dressings

Rationale :

🟢 Rest reduces further injury, promotes healing, and limits pain in soft tissue injuries.

🟢 Ice minimizes swelling and inflammation through vasoconstriction when applied in the first 24–48 hours.

🟢 Compression provides support, decreases edema, and prevents further strain.

🟢 These components are part of the R.I.C.E. protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation).

🟢 Early intervention improves healing outcomes and reduces complications like joint stiffness.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Pain management
Improvement of joint mobility
Weight loss promotion

Rationale :

🔷 Pain relief improves quality of life and allows greater participation in daily activities.

🔷 Improved joint mobility preserves independence and slows disease progression.

🔷 Weight loss reduces mechanical stress on load-bearing joints like knees and hips.

🔷 Realistic, measurable goals help tailor client-centered care in chronic conditions.

🔷 Managing osteoarthritis is long-term, with symptom control and lifestyle changes central to care.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Moisturize skin regularly and avoid triggers

Rationale :

💠 Psoriasis causes dry, inflamed, flaky plaques, so keeping skin moisturized prevents cracking and infection.

💠 Avoiding triggers (e.g., stress, cold, alcohol) helps reduce flare-ups and disease severity.

💠 Topical treatments work better when applied to well-hydrated skin.

💠 Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition, not a fungal infection.

💠 Patient education on skin care and lifestyle is vital for long-term disease control.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

At least I know that when the rash is gone I won't have any more pain to deal with

Rationale :

🔸 Postherpetic neuralgia is a common complication of herpes zoster, where pain persists after the rash resolves.

🔸 Pain may continue for weeks or months, especially in older adults.

🔸 Nerve damage from viral reactivation causes burning, stabbing pain even after lesions heal.

🔸 Clients need education about long-term symptoms, even if skin appears healed.

🔸 Expectations about pain duration must be realistic to guide appropriate follow-up care.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Unequal peripheral pulses between the lower extremities
Intermittent claudication

Rationale :

🔶 PAD reduces blood flow due to narrowed arteries in the extremities.

🔶 Unequal pulses indicate impaired perfusion, often between legs.

🔶 Intermittent claudication is hallmark symptom, presenting as leg pain during activity.

🔶 Clients often describe pain that improves with rest, due to muscle ischemia.

🔶 Early detection helps prevent limb-threatening complications, like ulcers and gangrene.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Group of vesicles in linear patches along the spinal nerves

Rationale :

🔵 Shingles (herpes zoster) follows dermatomal patterns, typically on one side of the body.

🔵 Grouped vesicles in a band-like pattern are classic for this viral reactivation.

🔵 Caused by varicella-zoster virus, the same virus as chickenpox.

🔵 Clients may report pain before rash, known as a prodromal symptom.

🔵 Prompt antiviral therapy reduces complications, including postherpetic neuralgia.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Cellulitis

Rationale :

🟥 Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection, often caused by Strep or Staph after surgery or trauma.

🟥 Redness, warmth, edema, and tenderness are hallmark signs of local infection.

🟥 Post-mastectomy patients are at higher risk due to impaired lymphatic drainage.

🟥 Prompt antibiotic therapy is necessary to prevent systemic spread.

🟥 Lymphedema can coexist, but cellulitis explains the inflammation and warmth better.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Wash clothes, towels, and sheets in hot water
Avoid close contact with others until treated

Rationale :

🟣 Scabies is highly contagious, transmitted through skin contact and shared fabrics.

🟣 Hot water washing kills mites and eggs, reducing reinfestation risk.

🟣 Close contact should be avoided until full treatment is complete.

🟣 Topical permethrin or oral ivermectin is the standard treatment.

🟣 Environment and contacts must be treated simultaneously to prevent recurrence.

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Ivytech Community College Med Surg FINAL EXAM

No.

1 :
A nurse is preparing to initiate intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for a newly admitted 12-month-old infant. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

2 :
The student nurse is preparing a presentation on parasitic skin infestations. What should the student include in the presentation?

3 :
A nurse in a busy emergency department provides care for many clients who present with contusions, strains, or sprains. Treatment modalities that are common to all of these musculoskeletal injuries include which of the following?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old obese client with a history of osteoarthritis. When planning the client's care, what goals should the nurse include?

5 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with psoriasis. The nurse is creating an education plan for the client. What information should be included in this plan?

6 :
A client has been diagnosed with herpes zoster present on the upper right side of the torso, extending around to the client's back. Which client statement indicates the need for further teaching regarding this diagnosis?

7 :
The nurse is providing care for a client who has just been diagnosed with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD). What assessment finding is most consistent with this diagnosis?

8 :
A client comes to the clinic reporting a red rash of small, fluid-filled blisters and is suspected of having shingles. What presentation is most consistent with this diagnosis?

9 :
Upon assessment of a newly admitted client, the nurse finds warmth, redness, edema, and tenderness to the left arm following mastectomy surgery 2 weeks ago. What might these assessment findings indicate?

10 :
A client with a recent diagnosis of scabies will need what education?

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Ivytech Community College Med Surg FINAL EXAM

No.

1 : A nurse is preparing to initiate intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for a newly admitted 12-month-old infant. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

2 : The student nurse is preparing a presentation on parasitic skin infestations. What should the student include in the presentation?

3 : A nurse in a busy emergency department provides care for many clients who present with contusions, strains, or sprains. Treatment modalities that are common to all of these musculoskeletal injuries include which of the following?

4 : A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old obese client with a history of osteoarthritis. When planning the client's care, what goals should the nurse include?

5 : A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with psoriasis. The nurse is creating an education plan for the client. What information should be included in this plan?

6 : A client has been diagnosed with herpes zoster present on the upper right side of the torso, extending around to the client's back. Which client statement indicates the need for further teaching regarding this diagnosis?

7 : The nurse is providing care for a client who has just been diagnosed with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD). What assessment finding is most consistent with this diagnosis?

8 : A client comes to the clinic reporting a red rash of small, fluid-filled blisters and is suspected of having shingles. What presentation is most consistent with this diagnosis?

9 : Upon assessment of a newly admitted client, the nurse finds warmth, redness, edema, and tenderness to the left arm following mastectomy surgery 2 weeks ago. What might these assessment findings indicate?

10 : A client with a recent diagnosis of scabies will need what education?

1 :
A nurse is preparing to initiate intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for a newly admitted 12-month-old infant. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

2 :
The student nurse is preparing a presentation on parasitic skin infestations. What should the student include in the presentation?

3 :
A nurse in a busy emergency department provides care for many clients who present with contusions, strains, or sprains. Treatment modalities that are common to all of these musculoskeletal injuries include which of the following?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old obese client with a history of osteoarthritis. When planning the client's care, what goals should the nurse include?

5 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with psoriasis. The nurse is creating an education plan for the client. What information should be included in this plan?

6 :
A client has been diagnosed with herpes zoster present on the upper right side of the torso, extending around to the client's back. Which client statement indicates the need for further teaching regarding this diagnosis?

7 :
The nurse is providing care for a client who has just been diagnosed with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD). What assessment finding is most consistent with this diagnosis?

8 :
A client comes to the clinic reporting a red rash of small, fluid-filled blisters and is suspected of having shingles. What presentation is most consistent with this diagnosis?

9 :
Upon assessment of a newly admitted client, the nurse finds warmth, redness, edema, and tenderness to the left arm following mastectomy surgery 2 weeks ago. What might these assessment findings indicate?

10 :
A client with a recent diagnosis of scabies will need what education?