Question

Which of the following medications are used to treat and prevent strokes?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

All of the above

Rationale :

🔷 Antihypertensive medications reduce blood pressure, which minimizes the risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

🔷 Anti-cholesterol medications like statins reduce atherosclerosis, lowering ischemic stroke risk.

🔷 Antiplatelet medications such as aspirin prevent clot formation, especially in patients with TIAs.

🔷 Stroke prevention is multifactorial, and targeting various risk elements is crucial.

🔷 A comprehensive pharmacologic approach improves long-term outcomes for stroke prevention.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Bleeding

Rationale :

🔶 TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) breaks down clots, but it impairs clotting ability systemically.

🔶 It can lead to intracerebral hemorrhage, the most feared complication.

🔶 Monitor for hematuria, epistaxis, bruising, and any neurological change.

🔶 The benefit-to-risk ratio must be assessed before administration.

🔶 Frequent neuro assessments are essential post-infusion

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Have patient sit upright 90 degrees in bed or chair

Rationale :

✳️ Aspiration is a major concern in stroke patients with dysphagia.

✳️ Sitting upright at 90° improves airway protection during meals.

✳️ A 45° angle is insufficient to prevent aspiration effectively.

✳️ Regular diet should be avoided until swallowing is assessed by speech therapy.

✳️ Feeding techniques include slow feeding, small bites, and thickened liquids if needed.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Speech therapist

Rationale :

💠 A speech-language pathologist (SLP) evaluates swallowing (dysphagia) post-stroke.

💠 They provide diet modifications and swallowing exercises.

💠 Nutrition must be managed safely to avoid aspiration pneumonia.

💠 Speech therapists often perform a bedside swallow evaluation.

💠 Early referral minimizes complications and supports nutritional intake.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

All of the above

Rationale :

🟡 Headaches are worsened by light, sound, and stress, so a quiet dark room helps.

🟡 Massage may relax neck or scalp muscles, reducing tension headaches.

🟡 Pain medication, especially NSAIDs or triptans, helps relieve symptoms.

🟡 Headache triggers (like dehydration, stress) should also be addressed.

🟡 Multimodal care improves symptom control and patient comfort.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Obesity

Rationale :

⚫ Obesity contributes to hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, increasing stroke risk.

⚫ It is a modifiable factor, meaning it can be changed with lifestyle changes.

⚫ Risk reduction includes diet, physical activity, and weight management.

⚫ Non-modifiable factors like age and gender cannot be changed.

⚫ Targeting obesity can prevent both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Corticosteroids

Rationale :

✴️ Corticosteroids reduce inflammation and cerebral edema by stabilizing the blood-brain barrier.

✴️ These are used in tumor-related brain swelling or trauma cases.

✴️ They decrease intracranial pressure and relieve associated symptoms.

✴️ Monitoring blood glucose is essential as steroids can cause hyperglycemia.

✴️ Not useful in all cases, but effective in mass-effect and vasogenic edema

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Salty taste in their mouth, postnasal drip or clear ﬂuid draining from the nose

Rationale :

🔵 CSF leaks from the nose (rhinorrhea) or ear (otorrhea) often follow head trauma or surgery.

🔵 A salty metallic taste or clear dripping fluid are early clues.

🔵 The fluid tests positive for glucose or beta-2 transferrin.

🔵 This is a serious finding that can lead to meningitis if untreated.

🔵 Nurses should report signs immediately and instruct patients to avoid sneezing or coughing.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Difficult or unclear articulation of speech

Rationale :

🟣 Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder due to weakened or uncoordinated speech muscles.

🟣 It results in slurred or slow speech, but language comprehension remains intact.

🟣 Common in stroke, ALS, or brain injury affecting motor pathways.

🟣 It differs from aphasia, which affects language processing, not articulation.

🟣 Speech therapy can assist with improving articulation.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Assessing the skin and frequent repositioning

Rationale :

🟥 Repositioning every 2 hours prevents pressure ulcers in immobile patients.

🟥 Skin assessments identify redness or breakdown early.

🟥 Nutrition supports skin repair, but it must be combined with direct interventions.

🟥 Speech therapy is not directly related to skin integrity.

🟥 Moisture control, barrier creams, and pressure-relieving devices are also essential.

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Med Surg Exam 3

No.

1 :
Which of the following medications are used to treat and prevent strokes?

2 :
What is the main side eﬀect of IV Thrombolytic therapy TPA?

3 :
Assisting a stroke patient with feeding would include:

4 :
Which health care discipline would the nurse consult to help a stroke patient with nutrition

5 :
Nursing management of headache would include?

6 :
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor of strokes?

7 :
Which of the following medications may be used to reduce cerebral edema?

8 :
What sign/symptom of a patient would cause the nurse to suspect cerebral spinal ﬂuid leakage?

9 :
What best describes Dysarthria?

10 :
Maintaining skin integrity would include:

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Med Surg Exam 3

No.

1 : Which of the following medications are used to treat and prevent strokes?

2 : What is the main side eﬀect of IV Thrombolytic therapy TPA?

3 : Assisting a stroke patient with feeding would include:

4 : Which health care discipline would the nurse consult to help a stroke patient with nutrition

5 : Nursing management of headache would include?

6 : Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor of strokes?

7 : Which of the following medications may be used to reduce cerebral edema?

8 : What sign/symptom of a patient would cause the nurse to suspect cerebral spinal ﬂuid leakage?

9 : What best describes Dysarthria?

10 : Maintaining skin integrity would include:

1 :
Which of the following medications are used to treat and prevent strokes?

2 :
What is the main side eﬀect of IV Thrombolytic therapy TPA?

3 :
Assisting a stroke patient with feeding would include:

4 :
Which health care discipline would the nurse consult to help a stroke patient with nutrition

5 :
Nursing management of headache would include?

6 :
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor of strokes?

7 :
Which of the following medications may be used to reduce cerebral edema?

8 :
What sign/symptom of a patient would cause the nurse to suspect cerebral spinal ﬂuid leakage?

9 :
What best describes Dysarthria?

10 :
Maintaining skin integrity would include: