Question

A patient is prescribed long-acting insulin (glargine) for basal control of blood glucose. Which statement by the nurse is correct when educating the patient?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

"This insulin provides a steady level of insulin over 24 hours."

Rationale :

🔹 Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin that provides basal coverage with minimal peak effect.

🔹 It maintains steady blood glucose levels over 24 hours and is typically given once daily.

🔹 It should not be mixed with other insulins or administered multiple times a day unless directed.

🔹 It is not meal-dependent like short-acting or rapid-acting insulins.

🔹 This insulin helps reduce the risk of hypoglycemia caused by peaks.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

administering a stool softener as prescribed

Rationale :

♦ Morphine, an opioid, commonly causes constipation due to decreased GI motility.

♦ Administering a stool softener like docusate helps prevent opioid-induced constipation.

♦ Other common effects include respiratory depression, but constipation is often overlooked yet distressing.

♦ Preventive action improves patient comfort and compliance with pain management.

♦ Encouraging hydration and mobility can further assist bowel regulation.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

peripheral vascular disease

Rationale :

💠 PVD impairs blood flow, which affects how drugs are distributed to peripheral tissues.

💠 Antibiotics may not effectively reach the site of infection in a limb with poor perfusion.

💠 Distribution depends on adequate circulation, especially for treating localized infections like cellulitis.

💠 Hepatic or renal dysfunction affects metabolism or excretion, not distribution.

💠 Impaired perfusion delays therapeutic effect and may require higher doses or IV route.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

MAO inhibitor

Rationale :

⬛ Adrenergic drugs stimulate the SNS, increasing HR and BP.

⬛ MAOIs inhibit the breakdown of catecholamines like norepinephrine, leading to excessive stimulation.

⬛ Combining these can lead to hypertensive crisis, a life-threatening complication.

⬛ Always check for drug interactions with sympathomimetics and MAOIs.

⬛ The nurse should verify orders before administration if contraindications exist.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Antivirals are the cure for viral infections.

Rationale :

✴️ Antivirals suppress viral replication but do not cure most viral infections.

✴️ Chronic viruses like herpes or HIV are managed, not eradicated.

✴️ Further teaching is needed if students misunderstand antiviral limitations.

✴️ Proper application and precautions like glove use are essential during administration.

✴️ Noncompliance can lead to resistance or worsening infection.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Perform a blood sugar analysis.

Rationale :

🟢 Symptoms of weakness, dizziness, and shakiness suggest hypoglycemia in a Type 1 diabetic.

🟢 The first action is to confirm blood glucose level before any intervention.

🟢 Administering glucose or insulin without knowing the BG could worsen the condition.

🟢 Accurate BG guides the next step—juice for mild hypoglycemia or IV dextrose for severe cases.

🟢 Prompt action prevents seizures or unconsciousness.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

20 doses

Rationale :

🔷 If total volume after reconstitution is enough for 20 doses of 350 mg PO BID, it means the volume is 7000 mg worth.

🔷 Reconstituted medications must be calculated based on final concentration and dosage frequency.

🔷 Always check the label after mixing, especially with antibiotics or pediatric meds.

🔷 Proper math avoids under- or overdosing.

🔷 Nurse must calculate how many full doses the bottle will provide.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Opioid withdrawal symptoms

Rationale :

🟠 Opioid agonist-antagonists (e.g., nalbuphine) can displace pure opioid agonists, triggering withdrawal in patients dependent on opioids.

🟠 Symptoms may include nausea, agitation, tremors, and tachycardia.

🟠 This risk is higher in clients who’ve been receiving long-term opioid therapy.

🟠 Nurses should review med history before administration.

🟠 Monitor closely for signs of CNS stimulation or withdrawal.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

"Change positions slowly to prevent lightheadedness or dizziness."

Rationale :

🔵 Beta blockers and thiazides can cause orthostatic hypotension, especially in older adults.

🔵 Patients should be taught to rise slowly from sitting or lying positions.

🔵 Sudden position changes can lead to falls or syncope.

🔵 Thiazides also increase urination, but fluid restriction is not appropriate.

🔵 Patient education reduces adverse effects and enhances compliance.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Atropine

Rationale :

🔹 Atropine is the first-line drug for bradycardia as it increases heart rate by inhibiting the parasympathetic system.

🔹 It is an anticholinergic agent that blocks vagal stimulation of the SA node.

🔹 It is used during symptomatic bradycardia in acute cardiac situations.

🔹 Other drugs like milrinone or cholestyramine are not effective for bradycardia.

🔹 Monitor for improved cardiac output and alertness after administration.

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Med Surg Exam Antelope Valley COLLEGE

No.

1 :
A patient is prescribed long-acting insulin (glargine) for basal control of blood glucose. Which statement by the nurse is correct when educating the patient?

2 :
A postsurgical client has been receiving morphine by patient-controlled analgesia for 2 days. What action by the nurse best addresses potential adverse effects?

3 :
The nurse is administering an antibiotic to a client with a diagnosis of cellulitis of the left leg. Which client condition would have the greatest effect on the drug's distribution?

4 :
The nurse would contact the health care provider before administering an adrenergic drug to a client who is also taking which drug?

5 :
The nursing instructor has been teaching about antivirals, actions, and effects. The instructor realizes that a student needs further instruction when the student makes which statement?

6 :
A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes suddenly reports feeling weak, shaky, and dizzy. What should be the nurse's initial response?

7 :
The doctor orders a patient to take Fakelixir (mixturezole difakate) 350 mg PO BID. Based on the total volume amount (AFTER reconstitution), how many doses will this bottle of Fakelixir (mixturezole difakate) provide to the patient?

8 :
A client is receiving opioid therapy. The nurse should be alert to the possibility that which could occur if the client receives an opioid agonist-antagonist?

9 :
An older adult client with hypertension has recently been prescribed a beta-adrenergic blocker and a thiazide diuretic. When educating the client about preventing and managing adverse effects, the nurse will provide which instruction?

10 :
When caring for a patient who has been admitted for his heart failure, the nurse observes that the patient is experiencing bradycardia. Which drug should be administered to patients who develop bradycardia?

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Med Surg Exam Antelope Valley COLLEGE

No.

1 : A patient is prescribed long-acting insulin (glargine) for basal control of blood glucose. Which statement by the nurse is correct when educating the patient?

2 : A postsurgical client has been receiving morphine by patient-controlled analgesia for 2 days. What action by the nurse best addresses potential adverse effects?

3 : The nurse is administering an antibiotic to a client with a diagnosis of cellulitis of the left leg. Which client condition would have the greatest effect on the drug's distribution?

4 : The nurse would contact the health care provider before administering an adrenergic drug to a client who is also taking which drug?

5 : The nursing instructor has been teaching about antivirals, actions, and effects. The instructor realizes that a student needs further instruction when the student makes which statement?

6 : A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes suddenly reports feeling weak, shaky, and dizzy. What should be the nurse's initial response?

7 : The doctor orders a patient to take Fakelixir (mixturezole difakate) 350 mg PO BID. Based on the total volume amount (AFTER reconstitution), how many doses will this bottle of Fakelixir (mixturezole difakate) provide to the patient?

8 : A client is receiving opioid therapy. The nurse should be alert to the possibility that which could occur if the client receives an opioid agonist-antagonist?

9 : An older adult client with hypertension has recently been prescribed a beta-adrenergic blocker and a thiazide diuretic. When educating the client about preventing and managing adverse effects, the nurse will provide which instruction?

10 : When caring for a patient who has been admitted for his heart failure, the nurse observes that the patient is experiencing bradycardia. Which drug should be administered to patients who develop bradycardia?

1 :
A patient is prescribed long-acting insulin (glargine) for basal control of blood glucose. Which statement by the nurse is correct when educating the patient?

2 :
A postsurgical client has been receiving morphine by patient-controlled analgesia for 2 days. What action by the nurse best addresses potential adverse effects?

3 :
The nurse is administering an antibiotic to a client with a diagnosis of cellulitis of the left leg. Which client condition would have the greatest effect on the drug's distribution?

4 :
The nurse would contact the health care provider before administering an adrenergic drug to a client who is also taking which drug?

5 :
The nursing instructor has been teaching about antivirals, actions, and effects. The instructor realizes that a student needs further instruction when the student makes which statement?

6 :
A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes suddenly reports feeling weak, shaky, and dizzy. What should be the nurse's initial response?

7 :
The doctor orders a patient to take Fakelixir (mixturezole difakate) 350 mg PO BID. Based on the total volume amount (AFTER reconstitution), how many doses will this bottle of Fakelixir (mixturezole difakate) provide to the patient?

8 :
A client is receiving opioid therapy. The nurse should be alert to the possibility that which could occur if the client receives an opioid agonist-antagonist?

9 :
An older adult client with hypertension has recently been prescribed a beta-adrenergic blocker and a thiazide diuretic. When educating the client about preventing and managing adverse effects, the nurse will provide which instruction?

10 :
When caring for a patient who has been admitted for his heart failure, the nurse observes that the patient is experiencing bradycardia. Which drug should be administered to patients who develop bradycardia?