Question

What is the term used to describe Right-sided heart failure that is caused by increased pressure in the lungs?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Cor Pulmonale

Rationale :

🔷 Definition: Cor pulmonale is right‑sided HF caused by pulmonary hypertension from lung pathology.

🔷 Mechanism: Chronic elevated PVR forces the right ventricle to work harder → hypertrophy and failure.

🔷 Typical causes: Advanced COPD, interstitial lung disease, and sleep apnea drive the pulmonary pressure rise.

🔷 Clinical clues: JVD, hepatomegaly, peripheral edema, and ascites align with right‑sided strain.

🔷 Management focus: Reduce pulmonary pressures (e.g., oxygen), optimize diuretics, and treat lung disease.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Excessive hunger
Increased thirst
Increased urine production

Rationale :

🔶 Polydipsia: Increased thirst reflects osmotic water loss from high serum glucose.

🔶 Polyphagia: Excessive hunger occurs as cells are glucose‑starved despite hyperglycemia.

🔶 Polyuria: Increased urine output follows osmotic diuresis from glucosuria.

🔶 Skin findings: Sweaty skin suggests hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia.

🔶 Associated signs: Blurred vision and fatigue are common with persistent hyperglycemia.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Chronic Bronchitis & Emphysema

Rationale :

◆ COPD umbrella: COPD comprises chronic bronchitis and emphysema as its two core entities.

◆ Bronchitis hallmark: Productive cough ≥ 3 months for 2 years indicates chronic airway inflammation.

◆ Emphysema hallmark: Alveolar destruction causes air trapping, hyperinflation, and ↓ recoil.

◆ Shared effect: Both cause airflow limitation that’s not fully reversible.

◆ Risk factor: Smoking is the dominant risk for both COPD components.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

JVD
Pitting edema

Rationale :

◼ JVD: Systemic venous congestion elevates jugular venous pressure.

◼ Peripheral edema: Pitting edema reflects right‑sided volume backlog.

◼ Pulmonary signs: Crackles, PND, pink frothy sputum point to left‑sided failure instead.

◼ Pathway: Failing RV backs up into systemic veins, not lungs.

◼ Cor pulmonale link: Lung‑driven pulmonary HTN often precedes right HF.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

It tells us your average blood Sugar levels over the last 4 months

Rationale :

👍 Purpose: HbA1c reflects glycation of hemoglobin over RBC lifespan.

👍Time window: Averages roughly 2–3 months (near one RBC life), used as long‑term glycemia gauge.

👍 Food‑independent: Result is not affected by last meal or acute fluctuations.

👍 Targets: Lower A1c correlates with reduced microvascular complications.

👍 Monitoring: Guides therapy effectiveness and need for adjustments.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Paroxysmal noctural dyspnea
Crackles in the lungs
Pink, Frothy sputum

Rationale :

🔷 Left‑sided HF causes pulmonary congestion → crackles.

🔷 PND reflects nocturnal fluid shifts worsening pulmonary edema.

🔷 Pink, frothy sputum signals alveolar edema/severe LV failure.

🔷 May see orthopnea due to increased venous return when supine.

🔷 Systemic venous signs (JVD/edema) point to right‑sided HF.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Cardiac Output

Rationale :

♦ Definition: Cardiac output is volume/min ejected by the ventricle.

♦ Formula: CO = HR × SV, integrating rate and stroke volume.

♦ Determinants: Influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.

♦ Clinical use: Guides perfusion assessment and shock management.

♦ Normal range: About 4–8 L/min in resting adults.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Beck's Triad

Rationale :

✴ Classic triad: Hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds define cardiac tamponade.

✴ Mechanism: Pericardial fluid compresses the heart → ↓ stroke volume and CO.

✴ Add‑ons: Pulsus paradoxus and tachycardia often accompany.

✴ Context: Post‑cath/PCI patients are at risk for perforation/bleed into pericardium.

✴ Urgency: Requires rapid recognition and pericardiocentesis.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Troponin I & T

Rationale :

🟣 Specificity: Troponins are cardiac‑specific markers of myocyte injury.

🟣 Timing: Rise within hours, peak in 1–2 days, remain elevated longer than others.

🟣 Sensitivity: Detects even small infarcts better than CK‑MB/myoglobin.

🟣 Decision‑making: Serial troponins guide diagnosis and prognosis.

🟣 Integration: Interpret with ECG and symptoms for MI confirmation.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Stable

Rationale :

✔ Pattern: Exertional chest pain relieved by rest or nitro suggests stable angina.

✔ Supply–demand: Fixed stenosis limits coronary flow under stress.

✔ Duration: Episodes are brief, predictable, with similar triggers.

✔ Workup: Manage risk factors, antianginals, and antiplatelets.

✔ Contrast: Unstable occurs at rest or is worsening and unpredictable.

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Med surg exam-CNI College

No.

1 :
What is the term used to describe Right-sided heart failure that is caused by increased pressure in the lungs?

2 :
All of the following are common signs/symptoms of Hyperglycemia?

3 :
What two diseases comprise COPD?

4 :
Which of the following would be expected findings in a patient experiencing Right-sided heart failure? (Select all that Apply)

5 :
Your patient asks you what the purpose of the Hgb A1C test is. The BEST answer is:

6 :
Which of the following would be expected findings in a patient experiencing Left-sided heart failure?

7 :
What is the term used to describe the total amount of blood ejected from the Ventricle over 1 minute?

8 :
Your STEMI patient returns from the Cath lab, after having Balloon Angioplasty percutaneously through their femoral artery. Which of the following Signs and Symptoms would be indicative of Cardiac Tamponade?

9 :
Your patient in the Emergency Room reports having severe chest pain and you suspect a heart attack. Which of the following laboratory tests would be best to confirm your suspicions?

10 :
Your patient states that he experiences chest pain that increases with activity and decreases with rest. He is most likely describing which type of Angina?

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Med surg exam-CNI College

No.

1 : What is the term used to describe Right-sided heart failure that is caused by increased pressure in the lungs?

2 : All of the following are common signs/symptoms of Hyperglycemia?

3 : What two diseases comprise COPD?

4 : Which of the following would be expected findings in a patient experiencing Right-sided heart failure? (Select all that Apply)

5 : Your patient asks you what the purpose of the Hgb A1C test is. The BEST answer is:

6 : Which of the following would be expected findings in a patient experiencing Left-sided heart failure?

7 : What is the term used to describe the total amount of blood ejected from the Ventricle over 1 minute?

8 : Your STEMI patient returns from the Cath lab, after having Balloon Angioplasty percutaneously through their femoral artery. Which of the following Signs and Symptoms would be indicative of Cardiac Tamponade?

9 : Your patient in the Emergency Room reports having severe chest pain and you suspect a heart attack. Which of the following laboratory tests would be best to confirm your suspicions?

10 : Your patient states that he experiences chest pain that increases with activity and decreases with rest. He is most likely describing which type of Angina?

1 :
What is the term used to describe Right-sided heart failure that is caused by increased pressure in the lungs?

2 :
All of the following are common signs/symptoms of Hyperglycemia?

3 :
What two diseases comprise COPD?

4 :
Which of the following would be expected findings in a patient experiencing Right-sided heart failure? (Select all that Apply)

5 :
Your patient asks you what the purpose of the Hgb A1C test is. The BEST answer is:

6 :
Which of the following would be expected findings in a patient experiencing Left-sided heart failure?

7 :
What is the term used to describe the total amount of blood ejected from the Ventricle over 1 minute?

8 :
Your STEMI patient returns from the Cath lab, after having Balloon Angioplasty percutaneously through their femoral artery. Which of the following Signs and Symptoms would be indicative of Cardiac Tamponade?

9 :
Your patient in the Emergency Room reports having severe chest pain and you suspect a heart attack. Which of the following laboratory tests would be best to confirm your suspicions?

10 :
Your patient states that he experiences chest pain that increases with activity and decreases with rest. He is most likely describing which type of Angina?