Question

Adlect has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which signs and symptoms may indicate thyroid storm, a complication of this disorder?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Fever, tachycardia, tremors

Rationale :

💎 Fever is a hallmark of thyroid storm due to extreme hypermetabolic state.

💎 Tachycardia reflects increased sympathetic nervous system activity.

💎 Tremors indicate severe neuromuscular excitability.

💎 This triad signals life-threatening decompensation in hyperthyroidism.

💎 Rapid recognition prevents cardiac failure and death.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Iron supplements
PRBC transfusion
O2 therapy

Rationale :

💎 Iron supplements replenish iron stores for new RBC production.

💎 Packed RBC transfusion quickly raises hemoglobin for oxygen delivery.

💎 Oxygen therapy supports tissues until anemia is corrected.

💎 This combination treats both cause and symptoms.

💎 Avoids worsening hypoxia while improving circulatory oxygen content.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Stage 3

Rationale :

💎 Stage 3 pressure injury involves full-thickness skin loss to subcutaneous tissue.

💎 May show visible fat but no muscle or bone exposure.

💎 Requires aggressive wound care to prevent stage 4 progression.

💎 Accurate staging guides treatment and prognosis.

💎 Supports consistent documentation for care continuity.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

"I need to shop for foods low in sodium and avoid adding salt to food."

Rationale :

💎 In SIADH, the body retains excessive water due to excess antidiuretic hormone, leading to dilutional hyponatremia; sodium restriction would worsen the problem.

💎 Management focuses on fluid restriction, not sodium restriction, to restore sodium concentration and prevent neurological complications.

💎 Low sodium intake can increase risk of seizures, confusion, and coma in hyponatremic patients.

💎 Potassium-rich foods may be needed if loop diuretics are prescribed, as these cause potassium loss.

💎 Daily weights help monitor fluid balance, detecting early signs of retention or loss.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Hypertension is usually asymptomatic until target organ damage occurs.

Rationale :

💎 Primary hypertension often develops silently, earning the name “silent killer”, with symptoms appearing only after organ damage.

💎 Patient education must stress the importance of regular monitoring even when asymptomatic.

💎 Target organs at risk include the heart (left ventricular hypertrophy), kidneys (nephropathy), brain (stroke), and eyes (retinopathy).

💎 Early detection and treatment prevent irreversible end-organ damage.

💎 Relying on annual BP checks alone is inadequate; frequent monitoring is needed at diagnosis and during treatment adjustment

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Registered nurse (RN)

Rationale :

💎 The RN is legally and professionally responsible for developing the nursing plan of care in all clinical settings.

💎 This plan includes nursing diagnoses, measurable outcomes, interventions, and evaluation.

💎 RNs incorporate patient self-management strategies for long-term care success.

💎 LPNs/LVNs contribute to care delivery but cannot independently formulate nursing diagnoses or plans.

💎 The RN coordinates with the interprofessional team to align nursing and medical goals.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Offer high-calorie protein snacks between meals and at bedtime.
Encourage increased intake of whole grains and vegetables.
Encourage rest before meals.

Rationale :

💎 High-calorie, protein-rich snacks combat the increased energy needs of COPD patients and prevent muscle wasting.

💎 Whole grains and vegetables provide essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber to support immune and GI health.

💎 Rest before meals reduces fatigue and helps conserve energy for eating.

💎 COPD patients expend more energy due to increased work of breathing.

💎 Large sugary drinks or excess fluids before meals can cause early satiety and reduce intake.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Another registered nurse (RN)

Rationale :

💎 Two RNs must verify patient identity, blood type, product type, and expiration date before transfusion.

💎 This double-check prevents fatal transfusion reactions from incompatibility errors.

💎 Unlicensed personnel cannot verify or administer blood products.

💎 Verification must be done at the patient’s bedside to avoid mix-ups.

💎 This process is a national transfusion safety standard.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Maintain oxygenation

Rationale :

💎 In sickle cell disease with infection, oxygen demand rises, increasing risk of sickling.

💎 Hypoxia accelerates erythrocyte sickling, worsening vaso-occlusion and tissue ischemia.

💎 Oxygen therapy is the immediate priority to prevent further sickling.

💎 Antibiotics and fluids follow oxygen stabilization.

💎 Airway and breathing always take precedence over circulation in ABCs.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Abdominal ultrasound

Rationale :

💎 ERCP can diagnose and remove gallstones blocking the bile duct.

💎 Abdominal ultrasound detects gallstones, gallbladder wall thickening, and bile duct dilation.

💎 These tests confirm cholecystitis before surgical intervention.

💎 Early diagnosis prevents complications like perforation or sepsis.

💎 Ultrasound is preferred initial imaging due to its non-invasiveness.

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Med Surg final Exam-Samuel merit University

No.

1 :
Adlect has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which signs and symptoms may indicate thyroid storm, a complication of this disorder?

2 :
Choose appropriate interventions to stabilize the patient with acute anemia. Select all that apply.

3 :
A patient from a long-term care facility is admitted to the hospital with a sacral pressure injury. The base of the wound involves subcutaneous tissue. How should the nurse classify this pressure injury?

4 :
Which patient statement indicates to the nurse that additional instruction is needed for a patient with chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

5 :
Which information is most important for the nurse to include when teaching a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension?

6 :
In any clinical setting, which health care team member is responsible for developing an individualized plan of care that includes nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes including the patient's self-management care plan?

7 :
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on daily prednisone therapy has been eating very little and has lost weight. Which interventions are appropriate for the nurse to include in the care plan? Select all that apply.

8 :
The nurse would ask which health care team member to assist when checking a unit of packed red blood cells before administration?

9 :
A patient with sickle cell disease has developed cellulitis above the left ankle. Which action is the nurse's priority for this patient?

10 :
Indicate which two tests might be prescribed for patients admitted with symptoms of cholecystitis? Select all that apply.

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Med Surg final Exam-Samuel merit University

No.

1 : Adlect has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which signs and symptoms may indicate thyroid storm, a complication of this disorder?

2 : Choose appropriate interventions to stabilize the patient with acute anemia. Select all that apply.

3 : A patient from a long-term care facility is admitted to the hospital with a sacral pressure injury. The base of the wound involves subcutaneous tissue. How should the nurse classify this pressure injury?

4 : Which patient statement indicates to the nurse that additional instruction is needed for a patient with chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

5 : Which information is most important for the nurse to include when teaching a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension?

6 : In any clinical setting, which health care team member is responsible for developing an individualized plan of care that includes nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes including the patient's self-management care plan?

7 : A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on daily prednisone therapy has been eating very little and has lost weight. Which interventions are appropriate for the nurse to include in the care plan? Select all that apply.

8 : The nurse would ask which health care team member to assist when checking a unit of packed red blood cells before administration?

9 : A patient with sickle cell disease has developed cellulitis above the left ankle. Which action is the nurse's priority for this patient?

10 : Indicate which two tests might be prescribed for patients admitted with symptoms of cholecystitis? Select all that apply.

1 :
Adlect has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which signs and symptoms may indicate thyroid storm, a complication of this disorder?

2 :
Choose appropriate interventions to stabilize the patient with acute anemia. Select all that apply.

3 :
A patient from a long-term care facility is admitted to the hospital with a sacral pressure injury. The base of the wound involves subcutaneous tissue. How should the nurse classify this pressure injury?

4 :
Which patient statement indicates to the nurse that additional instruction is needed for a patient with chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

5 :
Which information is most important for the nurse to include when teaching a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension?

6 :
In any clinical setting, which health care team member is responsible for developing an individualized plan of care that includes nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes including the patient's self-management care plan?

7 :
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on daily prednisone therapy has been eating very little and has lost weight. Which interventions are appropriate for the nurse to include in the care plan? Select all that apply.

8 :
The nurse would ask which health care team member to assist when checking a unit of packed red blood cells before administration?

9 :
A patient with sickle cell disease has developed cellulitis above the left ankle. Which action is the nurse's priority for this patient?

10 :
Indicate which two tests might be prescribed for patients admitted with symptoms of cholecystitis? Select all that apply.