Question

The nurse caring for a client reviews the medical record and determines the client is at risk for developing a potassium deficit because of which situation?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Requires nasogastric suction.

Rationale :

🔷 NG suction leads to loss of gastric fluids, which are rich in potassium, causing hypokalemia.

🔷 Continuous suction removes hydrogen ions and potassium from the stomach and upper intestines.

🔷 Potassium loss affects neuromuscular and cardiac function, increasing the risk for arrhythmias.

🔷 Patients on NG suction require close electrolyte monitoring and potassium replacement as needed.

🔷 Early identification and correction of potassium deficit prevent complications like muscle weakness and respiratory distress.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Positive Trousseau's sign.

Rationale :

💠 Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to positive Trousseau’s sign.

💠 This sign is elicited by inflating a BP cuff, causing carpal spasm due to low calcium.

💠 Calcium is vital for muscle contraction and nerve conduction.

💠 Hypocalcemia also predisposes to tetany and seizures.

💠 Early detection allows prompt IV or oral calcium administration to prevent severe symptoms.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

0.9% sodium chloride.

Rationale :

♦ Only normal saline is compatible with blood products to prevent hemolysis.

♦ Dextrose solutions can cause clumping of RBCs by promoting aggregation.

♦ Using the wrong fluid increases the risk of transfusion reactions.

♦ Priming with NS ensures patency of the line before and during transfusion.

♦ NS maintains isotonic balance, preventing osmotic shifts during infusion.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Restrict foods with protein.

Rationale :

⬖ Calcium oxalate stones require reducing animal protein intake, which lowers uric acid production.

⬖ Excess protein increases calcium and oxalate excretion, worsening stone formation risk.

⬖ Patients are encouraged to maintain hydration and a balanced diet low in oxalate-rich foods.

⬖ Limiting protein helps maintain urinary pH, reducing crystal formation.

⬖ Nutritional education prevents stone recurrence and supports renal health.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

42 mL/h.

Rationale :

🎀Total volume 1000 mL ÷ 24 h = 41.67, rounded to 42 mL/h.

🎀Correct IV rate ensures steady fluid and electrolyte replacement.

🎀Over-infusion could cause fluid overload, especially with potassium present.

🎀 Under-infusion may lead to inadequate hydration and electrolyte correction.

🎀 Accurate calculation prevents medication errors and maintains therapeutic goals.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

23

Rationale :

⭐ Dose ordered = 30 mEq; concentration = 20 mEq / 15 mL.

⭐ Formula: 30×15÷20=22.530 \times 15 \div 20 = 22.530×15÷20=22.5

⭐ rounded to 23 mL.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

1.5

Rationale :

🟠 Ordered dose = 0.015 g = 15 mg; available = 10 mg/tab.

🟠 Formula: 15÷10=1.515 \div 10 = 1.515÷10=1.5 tablets.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

135-145 mEq/L.

Rationale :

🔶 This range is the normal serum sodium value in adults.

🔶 Sodium maintains fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction.

🔶 Levels below or above normal cause neurological symptoms like confusion or seizures.

🔶 Monitoring sodium helps in fluid and electrolyte management in hospital settings.

🔶 Correcting imbalances requires careful fluid therapy adjustments.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Daily weight.

Rationale :

🔵 Daily weight is the most sensitive indicator of fluid status changes. 🔵 1 kg weight change ≈ 1 liter of fluid gain or loss. 🔵 More accurate than intake/output, especially in critically ill patients. 🔵 Detects subtle fluid retention or dehydration before symptoms appear. 🔵 Helps guide fluid therapy decisions in acute care.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Azotemia.

Rationale :

🟢 Azotemia refers to excess nitrogenous wastes in the blood from kidney dysfunction.

🟢 It results from reduced GFR, causing accumulation of urea and creatinine.

🟢 Can progress to uremia if untreated, with systemic symptoms.

🟢 Early detection is possible via BUN and creatinine testing.

🟢 Management focuses on treating the underlying kidney issue to prevent worsening

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Med Surg Urinary, Fluid and electrolytes

No.

1 :
The nurse caring for a client reviews the medical record and determines the client is at risk for developing a potassium deficit because of which situation?

2 :
The nurse is assessing a client with hypocalcemia. What clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in this client?

3 :
The client has an IV of dextrose 5% in 0.45% normal saline. The physician has ordered a transfusion of one unit of packed red blood cell (PRBCs). Before hanging the blood, the nurse will prime the blood tubing with which of the following solutions?

4 :
The nurse on a urology unit is caring for a client diagnosed with calcium oxalate renal calculi. When planning this client's health education, what nutritional guidelines should the nurse provide?

7 :
The physician's orders read: Give cortisone 0.015 grams every 8 hours orally. The pharmacy sends cortisone 10mg tablets. How many tablet(s) will the nurse give Instructions: Rounding: For adult clients, the answer should be rounded to the nearest tenth (mg, mcg, and m). (tablets)

8 :
What is the normal value (NV) for sodium in the blood.

9 :
What is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in acutely ill patients?

10 :
What is the term for an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood as a result of kidney insufficiency?

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Med Surg Urinary, Fluid and electrolytes

No.

1 : The nurse caring for a client reviews the medical record and determines the client is at risk for developing a potassium deficit because of which situation?

2 : The nurse is assessing a client with hypocalcemia. What clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in this client?

3 : The client has an IV of dextrose 5% in 0.45% normal saline. The physician has ordered a transfusion of one unit of packed red blood cell (PRBCs). Before hanging the blood, the nurse will prime the blood tubing with which of the following solutions?

4 : The nurse on a urology unit is caring for a client diagnosed with calcium oxalate renal calculi. When planning this client's health education, what nutritional guidelines should the nurse provide?

7 : The physician's orders read: Give cortisone 0.015 grams every 8 hours orally. The pharmacy sends cortisone 10mg tablets. How many tablet(s) will the nurse give Instructions: Rounding: For adult clients, the answer should be rounded to the nearest tenth (mg, mcg, and m). (tablets)

8 : What is the normal value (NV) for sodium in the blood.

9 : What is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in acutely ill patients?

10 : What is the term for an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood as a result of kidney insufficiency?

1 :
The nurse caring for a client reviews the medical record and determines the client is at risk for developing a potassium deficit because of which situation?

2 :
The nurse is assessing a client with hypocalcemia. What clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to note in this client?

3 :
The client has an IV of dextrose 5% in 0.45% normal saline. The physician has ordered a transfusion of one unit of packed red blood cell (PRBCs). Before hanging the blood, the nurse will prime the blood tubing with which of the following solutions?

4 :
The nurse on a urology unit is caring for a client diagnosed with calcium oxalate renal calculi. When planning this client's health education, what nutritional guidelines should the nurse provide?

7 :
The physician's orders read: Give cortisone 0.015 grams every 8 hours orally. The pharmacy sends cortisone 10mg tablets. How many tablet(s) will the nurse give Instructions: Rounding: For adult clients, the answer should be rounded to the nearest tenth (mg, mcg, and m). (tablets)

8 :
What is the normal value (NV) for sodium in the blood.

9 :
What is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in acutely ill patients?

10 :
What is the term for an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood as a result of kidney insufficiency?