Question

Nurse Timothy is administering medications to patients. Match each patient's symptoms to the most appropriate pharmacological intervention.

Answer 1

Correct Matches:

Daniel, 42: Thick mucous secretions matches with Mucolytics
Lucy, 16: Allergic Rhinitis with itching and sneezing matches with Antihistamines
Ella, 39: Fever and headache along with nasal congestion matches with Analgesics and antipyretics
Jack, 54: Chronic Sinusitis matches with Nasal corticosteroids

Rationale :

◈ Mucolytics break disulfide bonds in mucus, making secretions thinner and easier to expel.

◈ Antihistamines block H1 receptors, reducing itching/sneezing from allergic rhinitis.

◈ Analgesics/antipyretics reduce fever and headache via central COX inhibition.

◈ Nasal corticosteroids decrease mucosal inflammation/edema in chronic sinusitis.

◈ Matching targets the predominant symptom (mucus, allergy, fever/pain, chronic inflammation)

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Cutaneous scratch test
Subdermal injection of the allergen
Utilizing adhesive skin patches

Rationale :

◼ The scratch test introduces a minute allergen into the epidermis, producing an immediate wheal-and-flare reaction if IgE-mediated sensitivity exists

◼ The intradermal test delivers allergens into the dermis, offering greater sensitivity, and is used when scratch tests are negative but suspicion is high

◼ The patch test identifies Type IV delayed hypersensitivity, with allergens applied on the skin for 48–72 hours, useful in contact dermatitis evaluation

◼ Combining these tests ensures detection of both immediate and delayed allergic responses, giving a more complete allergy profile

◼ Accurate diagnosis helps in allergen avoidance, targeted immunotherapy, and better long-term symptom control

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Teach her to use a corticosteroid cream.

Rationale :

💠 Corticosteroid creams act by suppressing the release of inflammatory mediators, which reduces redness, itching, and swelling in eczema (atopic dermatitis)

💠 They restore skin barrier integrity by decreasing inflammation, allowing healing and preventing further breakdown of the epidermis

💠 Proper teaching ensures thin, sparing application, reducing risk of side effects such as skin atrophy or discoloration

💠 Emphasis on short-term use avoids complications, while combining with emollients maximizes moisture retention and prevents flares

💠 This intervention directly targets the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis instead of masking symptoms, ensuring long-term relief

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Initiating the complement system
Constructing molecular chains to remove the antigen

Rationale :

✦ Complement activation by IgG/IgM leads to opsonization and cell lysis, which enhances clearance of invading pathogens

✦ Agglutination allows antibodies to bind multiple antigens simultaneously, creating clusters that are easier for phagocytes to engulf

✦ Antibodies also neutralize toxins and viruses, preventing them from binding to target cells and spreading infection

✦ They enhance phagocytosis by coating antigens with immunoglobulins and complement fragments, making them “visible” to immune cells

✦ These functions are critical for adaptive immunity, ensuring rapid recognition and elimination of antigens without harming the host’s own cells

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Cough reflex

Rationale :

❖ The cough reflex is the most effective mechanism for expelling secretions and organisms from the airway during pneumonia

❖ It is triggered by irritation in the respiratory mucosa, stimulating reflex pathways that produce forceful exhalation to clear debris

❖ It works synergistically with the mucociliary escalator, ensuring that mucus moved upward can be forcefully expelled

❖ Maintaining an effective cough prevents airway obstruction, reduces risk of hypoxemia, and helps resolve infection more quickly

❖ Unlike filtration or bronchoconstriction, which are preventive mechanisms, the cough is an active clearing response, essential once infection and mucus accumulation occur

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Answer 6

Correct Matches:

Patient 1: Reports sharp, stabbing chest pain matches with Pneumothorax
Patient 2: Audible sucking sound from a chest wound has no correct match !
Patient 3: Tracheal deviation noted during the assessment has no correct match !
Patient 4: Crepitus palpable on the chest wall has no correct match !

Rationale :

🔵 Pneumothorax typically presents with sudden sharp chest pain and shortness of breath as air enters the pleural space

🔵 Open pneumothorax is identified by a sucking chest wound, where air moves in and out through the chest wall defect

🔵 Tension pneumothorax shifts mediastinal structures, seen as tracheal deviation and severe respiratory distress

🔵 Flail chest occurs when multiple rib fractures cause paradoxical chest wall movement and palpable crepitus

🔵 Accurate differentiation ensures the right emergency intervention (occlusive dressing, needle decompression, stabilization)

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Monitor John's dressing for excessive bleeding.

Rationale :

🔶 Trabeculectomy patients are at risk of bleeding that can compromise vision if undetected

🔶 Postoperative assessment requires checking eye dressing, filtering bleb, and intraocular pressure

🔶 Early recognition prevents complications such as hyphema or permanent vision loss

🔶 Teaching includes avoiding straining, bending, or heavy lifting, which could increase intraocular pressure

🔶 Nursing care focuses on bleeding control, infection prevention, and patient reassurance

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Perform arterial blood gas analysis.
Prepare for immediate incision and drainage (I&D).
Initiate IV antibiotics targeting group A B-hemolytic Streptococcus

Rationale :

🟢 Severe throat pain, fever, and WBC elevation indicate a peritonsillar abscess, requiring urgent intervention

🟢 Arterial blood gas (ABG) assesses gas exchange and possible respiratory compromise from airway obstruction

🟢 Incision and drainage (I&D) is the gold standard for relieving pressure and removing the abscess

🟢 IV antibiotics provide immediate systemic coverage against Group A strep and anaerobes

🟢 This approach addresses airway stability, infection control, and sepsis prevention simultaneously

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Don't share headgear to prevent the spread of pediculosis.

Rationale :

💎 Head lice (pediculosis capitis) spread primarily through fomites such as hats, helmets, or combs

💎 Nits adhere firmly to hair shafts, especially close to the scalp, distinguishing them from dandruff

💎 Effective treatment requires pediculicidal agents (e.g., permethrin) plus mechanical nit removal

💎 Preventing spread depends on avoiding shared personal items and early family screening

💎 Unlike dandruff, lice infestation causes pruritic wheal-like lesions from scalp irritation and bites

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Educate him on stoma care.
Arrange for him to meet with a support group.
Ensure a method for postoperative communication.
Assess for signs of infection or hemorrhage

Rationale :

🔹 Stoma care education prepares the client for self-care and independence after partial laryngectomy

🔹 Meeting a support group addresses psychological impact and provides coping strategies

🔹 Ensuring a postoperative communication method (e.g., writing board) prevents frustration and enhances safety

🔹 Assessing for infection/hemorrhage identifies life-threatening complications early

🔹 Pre-op teaching reduces anxiety and increases treatment adherence

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RN Medical Surgical Midterm Form A

No.

1 :
Nurse Timothy is administering medications to patients. Match each patient's symptoms to the most appropriate pharmacological intervention.

Items to Match

Matching Options

2 :
Olivia, a 27-year-old patient, needs to undergo tests for suspected allergies. What methods are typically employed to identify allergens in Olivia's case? (Select all that apply.)

3 :
Sarah, a 30-year-old with a family history of eczema, presents with a scaly, erythematous plaque on her right cheek. Blood tests reveal normal inflammatory markers. What should the nurse do?

4 :
Emma, a 32-year-old female diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, is learning about antibodies. Which of the following actions can antibodies perform to neutralize harmful - antigens in Emma's body? Select all that apply.

5 :
Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough. Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?

6 :
Nurse Sarah is triaging patients in the ER. Match each presenting symptom to the condition it is most commonly associated with.

Items to Match

Matching Options

9 :
Mike, a 17-year-old wrestler, comes in for a routine check-up. The nurse observes wheal- like lesions with white deposits at the base of the hair shaft. What should the nurse teach Mike?

10 :
Jack, a 60-year-old man with a history of smoking and alcohol consumption, has been diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. He is scheduled for a partial laryngectomy. What are the preoperative nursing interventions? Select all that apply.

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RN Medical Surgical Midterm Form A

No.

1 : Nurse Timothy is administering medications to patients. Match each patient's symptoms to the most appropriate pharmacological intervention.

Items to Match

Matching Options

2 : Olivia, a 27-year-old patient, needs to undergo tests for suspected allergies. What methods are typically employed to identify allergens in Olivia's case? (Select all that apply.)

3 : Sarah, a 30-year-old with a family history of eczema, presents with a scaly, erythematous plaque on her right cheek. Blood tests reveal normal inflammatory markers. What should the nurse do?

4 : Emma, a 32-year-old female diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, is learning about antibodies. Which of the following actions can antibodies perform to neutralize harmful - antigens in Emma's body? Select all that apply.

5 : Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough. Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?

6 : Nurse Sarah is triaging patients in the ER. Match each presenting symptom to the condition it is most commonly associated with.

Items to Match

Matching Options

9 : Mike, a 17-year-old wrestler, comes in for a routine check-up. The nurse observes wheal- like lesions with white deposits at the base of the hair shaft. What should the nurse teach Mike?

10 : Jack, a 60-year-old man with a history of smoking and alcohol consumption, has been diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. He is scheduled for a partial laryngectomy. What are the preoperative nursing interventions? Select all that apply.

1 :
Nurse Timothy is administering medications to patients. Match each patient's symptoms to the most appropriate pharmacological intervention.

2 :
Olivia, a 27-year-old patient, needs to undergo tests for suspected allergies. What methods are typically employed to identify allergens in Olivia's case? (Select all that apply.)

3 :
Sarah, a 30-year-old with a family history of eczema, presents with a scaly, erythematous plaque on her right cheek. Blood tests reveal normal inflammatory markers. What should the nurse do?

4 :
Emma, a 32-year-old female diagnosed with an autoimmune disease, is learning about antibodies. Which of the following actions can antibodies perform to neutralize harmful - antigens in Emma's body? Select all that apply.

5 :
Linda, a 45-year-old patient, is admitted for pneumonia. She has a productive cough. Which respiratory defense mechanism is primarily responsible for removing the pathogenic microorganisms?

6 :
Nurse Sarah is triaging patients in the ER. Match each presenting symptom to the condition it is most commonly associated with.

9 :
Mike, a 17-year-old wrestler, comes in for a routine check-up. The nurse observes wheal- like lesions with white deposits at the base of the hair shaft. What should the nurse teach Mike?

10 :
Jack, a 60-year-old man with a history of smoking and alcohol consumption, has been diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. He is scheduled for a partial laryngectomy. What are the preoperative nursing interventions? Select all that apply.