Question

A kidney biopsy has been scheduled for a client with a history of acute kidney injury, The client asks the nurse why this test has been scheduled. Which of the following is the nurse' best response?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

“A biopsy sometimes necessary for diagnosing and evaluating the extent of kidney disease-a

Rationale :

🎀 Kidney biopsy provides definitive histological diagnosis for renal disorders.

🎀 Helps evaluate the extent of renal damage in conditions like acute kidney injury or glomerulonephritis.

🎀 Guides treatment decisions based on underlying pathology.

🎀 Not routinely done for all renal disorders; it’s used when other tests are inconclusive.

🎀 Differentiates between acute and chronic renal changes.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Nausea and vomiting

Rationale :

🎀Severe hyponatremia (Na 116 mEq/L) leads to neurological and GI symptoms.

🎀 Cerebral edema from fluid shifts causes nausea and vomiting.

🎀 Extreme thirst is typical in hypernatremia, not hyponatremia.

🎀 Other findings may include headache, confusion, and seizures.

🎀 Immediate correction prevents severe neurological complications.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Serum Osmolality 290 mOsm/kg H2O

Rationale :

🎀 Elevated creatinine indicates impaired kidney filtration, signaling AKI risk.

🎀 Post-MI patients are prone to renal hypoperfusion causing AKI.

🎀 BUN 20 mg/dL is within normal range and not alarming alone.

🎀 Early identification helps prevent progression to renal failure.

🎀 Requires close I&O and renal function monitoring post-MI.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Dehydration

Rationale :

🎀 Sodium 152 mEq/L indicates hypernatremia due to fluid loss.

🎀 BUN 24 mg/dL elevated from hemoconcentration, common in dehydration.

🎀 Collapsing after playing football suggests heat-related fluid loss.

🎀 Requires IV fluids and electrolyte monitoring.

🎀 SIADH and renal failure usually present with low sodium.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Constipation

Rationale :

🎀 Aluminum hydroxide binds phosphate in the GI tract, reducing hyperphosphatemia.

🎀 A common side effect is constipation due to reduced GI motility.

🎀 Monitor for hypophosphatemia with long-term use.

🎀 Not associated with muscle spasms or metallic taste.

🎀 Adequate fluid and fiber reduce constipation risk.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Lung sounds

Rationale :

🎀 After hemodialysis, fluid shifts can cause pulmonary edema or fluid overload.

🎀 Crackles or abnormal lung sounds require immediate follow-up.

🎀 Weight and glucose monitoring are routine but not urgent unless extreme.

🎀 AV fistula thrill/bruit assessment is important but not life-threatening immediately.

🎀 Early lung assessment prevents respiratory distress.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Urine specific gravity 1.020

Rationale :

🎀 Normal specific gravity (1.010–1.025) indicates adequate hydration.

🎀 Effective fluid therapy restores renal perfusion and corrects dehydration.

🎀 High Hct (62%) or Na 165 mEq/L indicate unresolved dehydration.

🎀 Potassium 5.2 mEq/L may indicate renal compromise, not hydration status.

🎀 Monitoring trends ensures proper fluid balance.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Abdomen rigid with decreased bowel sounds
WBC count 17,000/mm3 (Normal Finding: 5,000 to 10,000/mm/mm3)
Potassium 7.0 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
No dialysis for 24 hr
Crackles throughout lungs

Rationale :

🎀 Rigid abdomen + decreased bowel sounds suggest peritonitis.

🎀 WBC 17,000/mm3 indicates active infection.

🎀 Potassium 7.0 mEq/L is life-threatening (hyperkalemia).

🎀 Missed dialysis for 24 hr worsens fluid and electrolyte imbalance.

🎀 Crackles indicate fluid overload or pulmonary edema.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Flat neck veins
Poor skin turgor
Hypotension

Rationale :

🎀 Flat neck veins reflect hypovolemia.

🎀 Poor skin turgor indicates dehydration.

🎀 Hypotension results from fluid volume loss due to vomiting and diarrhea.

🎀 Bradycardia is not typical; tachycardia is expected in dehydration.

🎀 Urine becomes concentrated, not pale yellow.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

The client has a 5 lb weight gain since yesterday.

Rationale :

🎀 Rapid weight gain is a primary sign of fluid overload in dialysis patients.

🎀 Indicates fluid retention between dialysis sessions.

🎀 Neck vein distention, edema, and crackles often accompany weight gain.

🎀 Daily weights are the most accurate fluid status indicator.

🎀 Early intervention prevents hypertension and pulmonary edema.

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Custom: NSG3313_Adult Health 1_ Exam 1a _Bender Sum_ 2025

No.

1 :
A kidney biopsy has been scheduled for a client with a history of acute kidney injury, The client asks the nurse why this test has been scheduled. Which of the following is the nurse' best response?

2 :
A nurse is assessing a client who has a sodium level of 116 mEq/L. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

3 :
A nurse is monitoring an older adult female client who had a myocardial infarction (MI) for the development of an acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse identity as indicating an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

5 :
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has renal failure and an elevated phosphorous level. The provider instructed the client to take aluminum hydroxide 300 mg PO three times daily. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse inform the client?

6 :
A nurse is caring for a client receiving hemodialysis

Answer Options

7 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV fluids to correct dehydration. Which of the following laboratory values should indicate to the nurse that the client is effectively responding to treatment?

8 :
A nurse is caring for a 44-year-old client who was admitted with an elevated temperature and abdominal pain.

Answer Options

9 :
A nurse is assessing a client who reports frequent vomiting and diarrhea for the past 3 days. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

10 :
A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?

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Custom: NSG3313_Adult Health 1_ Exam 1a _Bender Sum_ 2025

No.

1 : A kidney biopsy has been scheduled for a client with a history of acute kidney injury, The client asks the nurse why this test has been scheduled. Which of the following is the nurse' best response?

2 : A nurse is assessing a client who has a sodium level of 116 mEq/L. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

3 : A nurse is monitoring an older adult female client who had a myocardial infarction (MI) for the development of an acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse identity as indicating an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

5 : A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has renal failure and an elevated phosphorous level. The provider instructed the client to take aluminum hydroxide 300 mg PO three times daily. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse inform the client?

6 : A nurse is caring for a client receiving hemodialysis

Answer Options

7 : A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV fluids to correct dehydration. Which of the following laboratory values should indicate to the nurse that the client is effectively responding to treatment?

8 : A nurse is caring for a 44-year-old client who was admitted with an elevated temperature and abdominal pain.

Answer Options

9 : A nurse is assessing a client who reports frequent vomiting and diarrhea for the past 3 days. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

10 : A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?

1 :
A kidney biopsy has been scheduled for a client with a history of acute kidney injury, The client asks the nurse why this test has been scheduled. Which of the following is the nurse' best response?

2 :
A nurse is assessing a client who has a sodium level of 116 mEq/L. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

3 :
A nurse is monitoring an older adult female client who had a myocardial infarction (MI) for the development of an acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse identity as indicating an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

5 :
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has renal failure and an elevated phosphorous level. The provider instructed the client to take aluminum hydroxide 300 mg PO three times daily. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse inform the client?

6 :
A nurse is caring for a client receiving hemodialysis

7 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV fluids to correct dehydration. Which of the following laboratory values should indicate to the nurse that the client is effectively responding to treatment?

8 :
A nurse is caring for a 44-year-old client who was admitted with an elevated temperature and abdominal pain.

9 :
A nurse is assessing a client who reports frequent vomiting and diarrhea for the past 3 days. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

10 :
A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the client is experiencing fluid overload?