Question

Diabetes, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and vitamin B deficiencies may cause neurological damage leading to what condition?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Gait disturbances.

Rationale :

🔷 Neurological damage from conditions like diabetes, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and vitamin B deficiencies commonly affects motor coordination and balance, resulting in gait disturbances.

🔷 Peripheral neuropathy from diabetes and muscle rigidity from Parkinson’s disease interfere with normal walking patterns.

🔷 Stroke may cause hemiparesis or spasticity, further impacting mobility.

🔷 Vitamin B deficiencies (especially B12) lead to sensory ataxia and balance issues.

🔷 Early identification of gait problems reduces the risk of falls and fractures in older adults.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Heart failure.
Functional impairments.
Diabetes.

Rationale :

Heart failure

🔷 Clients with heart failure often experience fluid restrictions or are prescribed diuretics, which increase urinary output and risk of dehydration.

🔷 Reduced cardiac output leads to decreased renal perfusion, impairing fluid balance.

🔷 Symptoms such as fatigue or dyspnea may also discourage adequate fluid intake.

🔷 Elderly clients with heart failure are especially vulnerable due to diminished thirst sensation.

Functional impairments

🔷 Older adults with mobility limitations, arthritis, or cognitive decline may have difficulty accessing fluids independently.

🔷 Dependence on caregivers increases the risk of inadequate fluid provision.

🔷 Functional impairments are a major contributor to chronic dehydration in long-term care settings.

🔷 Encouraging assistance with hydration routines can prevent complications such as urinary tract infections or hypotension.

Diabetes

🔷 Diabetes increases the risk of dehydration due to polyuria from hyperglycemia.

🔷 Elevated blood glucose levels cause osmotic diuresis, leading to fluid loss.

🔷 Neuropathy may blunt thirst perception, making the client unaware of fluid needs.

🔷 Dehydration worsens glycemic control, increasing the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in uncontrolled diabetes.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

A major crisis experienced by the client can contribute to the risk of suicide.

Rationale :

🔷 Major life events such as loss of a spouse, financial stress, or chronic illness increase suicide risk in older adults.

🔷 Older adults often have higher lethality in suicide attempts due to planning and access to lethal means.

🔷 Depression and social isolation compound this risk.

🔷 Nurses must assess psychosocial stressors to implement preventive interventions.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Broccoli.

Rationale :

🔷 Broccoli is a non-starchy vegetable with a low glycemic index, meaning it has minimal impact on blood glucose levels.

🔷 It is rich in fiber, which slows glucose absorption and helps maintain stable blood sugar control.

🔷 Unlike corn, white bread, or baked beans, which are high in carbohydrates, broccoli provides essential vitamins and minerals without spiking glucose.

🔷 Including non-starchy vegetables in a diabetic diet supports better glycemic management.

🔷 It also contributes to overall cardiovascular and metabolic health in diabetic clients.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Turn immobile clients every 2 hours off bony prominences.
Use lift or draw sheets to move clients in bed.
Ensure that your client maintains a healthy nutritional status.
Apply pressure-relieving devices to vulnerable areas.

Rationale :

Turn immobile clients every 2 hours off bony prominences

🔷 Frequent repositioning reduces prolonged pressure on bony prominences, which is the primary cause of ischemia and tissue breakdown.

🔷 Turning every 2 hours restores capillary blood flow, preventing skin necrosis.

🔷 This is a standard evidence-based practice in pressure ulcer prevention.

Use lift or draw sheets to move clients in bed

🔷 Lift sheets reduce shear and friction forces that damage skin and underlying tissue.

🔷 Shear disrupts capillary circulation, accelerating pressure ulcer formation.

🔷 Proper handling techniques are crucial for clients with fragile or compromised skin integrity.

Ensure that your client maintains a healthy nutritional status

🔷 Adequate protein, vitamins (C, A, E), and zinc support collagen synthesis and wound healing.

🔷 Malnutrition increases skin fragility and delays tissue repair, heightening ulcer risk.

🔷 Hydration also maintains tissue elasticity and perfusion.

Apply pressure-relieving devices to vulnerable areas

🔷 Foam cushions, specialized mattresses, and heel protectors redistribute pressure and reduce skin breakdown.

🔷 These devices are especially important for high-risk immobile patients.

🔷 They complement repositioning to provide continuous pressure relief.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Pressure ulcers.
Death.
Decreased circulation/perfusion to the extremities.
Fractures.

Rationale :

Pressure ulcers

🔷 Physical restraints limit mobility, causing prolonged pressure over bony prominences.

🔷 This leads to tissue ischemia and necrosis, increasing the risk for pressure ulcers.

🔷 Immobile elderly clients are at highest risk due to fragile skin.

Death

🔷 Improperly applied restraints can cause asphyxiation, strangulation, or cardiac arrest.

🔷 Elderly patients have limited physiological reserves, making them more vulnerable to fatal complications.

Decreased circulation/perfusion to the extremities

🔷 Tight restraints impair venous return and arterial circulation, leading to ischemia, cyanosis, or nerve damage.

🔷 Prolonged impaired perfusion can cause tissue necrosis or permanent damage.

Fractures

🔷 Struggling against restraints can cause bone fractures, especially in frail older adults with osteoporosis.

🔷 The force applied during agitation increases the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Ask about the circumstances behind the fall(s).
Assess for any injuries the client might have.
Evaluate the client for gait and balance.
Ask about the history or frequency of falls.

Rationale :

Ask about the circumstances behind the fall(s)

🔷 Understanding the environmental or situational factors (e.g., tripping hazards, lighting, medication effects) helps identify modifiable risk factors.

🔷 It determines whether the fall was due to intrinsic (health-related) or extrinsic (environmental) causes.

Assess for any injuries the client might have

🔷 Immediate evaluation for fractures, head injuries, or internal bleeding is essential after any reported fall.

🔷 Older adults are at higher risk for hip fractures and intracranial hemorrhage due to fragile bones and anticoagulant use.

Evaluate the client for gait and balance

🔷 Gait and balance disturbances are major intrinsic factors contributing to falls.

🔷 Assessment identifies neurological, musculoskeletal, or vestibular issues that require intervention (e.g., physical therapy).

Ask about the history or frequency of falls

🔷 A history of recurrent falls indicates chronic balance problems, orthostatic hypotension, or progressive neurological disease.

🔷 Identifying patterns guides fall prevention strategies and referrals.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Renal insufficiency
Stroke
Cardiac disease

Rationale :

Renal insufficiency

🔷 Chronic hypertension causes nephrosclerosis, leading to renal artery narrowing and decreased kidney perfusion.

🔷 This results in renal insufficiency or chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time.

🔷 Persistent high blood pressure accelerates glomerular damage, impairing filtration.

Stroke

🔷 Hypertension is the leading risk factor for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.

🔷 Prolonged elevated BP causes arterial wall thickening and atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of cerebral infarction or hemorrhage.

🔷 Controlling BP significantly reduces stroke-related morbidity.

Cardiac disease

🔷 Chronic high BP leads to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) due to increased afterload.

🔷 This predisposes patients to heart failure, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction.

🔷 Early hypertension management prevents end-stage cardiac complications.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Herpes zoster.

Rationale :

🔷 Herpes zoster (shingles) typically begins with pain, itching, or tingling (prodromal phase) several days before the appearance of the rash.

🔷 The rash follows a unilateral, dermatomal distribution and evolves into vesicular lesions.

🔷 The pain is due to reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus affecting sensory nerves.

🔷 Early recognition allows for antiviral therapy, which reduces the severity and risk of postherpetic neuralgia.

🔷 Other options, such as scabies or actinic keratosis, do not present with this prodrome of pain and dermatomal rash pattern.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Protect the skin from trauma.
Remind the health care personnel to be gentle when handling this client’s skin.
Wear a long-sleeved shirt.
Tape a nonadherent dressing over the site of a skin tear.

Rationale :

Protect the skin from trauma

🔷 Older adults have thin, fragile skin due to decreased collagen and subcutaneous fat, making them prone to purpura and tears.

🔷 Using padding or protective measures prevents recurrent trauma.

Remind the health care personnel to be gentle when handling this client’s skin

🔷 Gentle handling reduces the risk of shear and friction injuries, which can easily cause skin tears and bruising in elderly clients.

🔷 Proper training in safe transfer techniques is crucial.

Wear a long-sleeved shirt

🔷 Protective clothing serves as a barrier against accidental bumps and scratches.

🔷 This is a simple yet effective measure to prevent trauma-induced purpura.

Tape a nonadherent dressing over the site of a skin tear

🔷 Nonadherent dressings protect healing skin, reduce pain and infection risk, and allow proper wound healing.

🔷 It prevents further injury when removing or changing dressings.

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Smith Chason College- NURS 146 Gero Final Exam

No.

1 :
Diabetes, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and vitamin B deficiencies may cause neurological damage leading to what condition?

2 :
When assessing an older male client, what are some issues that might put him at risk for dehydration? (Select all that apply.)

3 :
Which of the following is a true statement concerning suicide among older adults?

4 :
When teaching a client about foods that do not increase blood glucose, which should the nurse include?

5 :
Pressure ulcers are defined as an injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue resulting from pressure or in combination with shear, usually over a bony prominence. As a nurse, what do you know you must do to prevent pressure ulcers? (Select all that apply.)

6 :
An older adult client has been admitted to a skilled nursing facility. Which of the following can be caused by physical restraints? (Select all that apply.)

7 :
During an assessment, an older adult male client reports that he fell the night before. What should you follow up with? (Select all that apply.)

8 :
Which are potential results of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

9 :
When an older female adult client complains of itching and pain and several days later shows you a rash, what do you realize she has?

10 :
You notice that your older adult male client frequently knocks his arm or hand against door frames or chair backs and then develops a purpura. What do you advise your client to do? (Select all that apply.)

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Smith Chason College- NURS 146 Gero Final Exam

No.

1 : Diabetes, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and vitamin B deficiencies may cause neurological damage leading to what condition?

2 : When assessing an older male client, what are some issues that might put him at risk for dehydration? (Select all that apply.)

3 : Which of the following is a true statement concerning suicide among older adults?

4 : When teaching a client about foods that do not increase blood glucose, which should the nurse include?

5 : Pressure ulcers are defined as an injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue resulting from pressure or in combination with shear, usually over a bony prominence. As a nurse, what do you know you must do to prevent pressure ulcers? (Select all that apply.)

6 : An older adult client has been admitted to a skilled nursing facility. Which of the following can be caused by physical restraints? (Select all that apply.)

7 : During an assessment, an older adult male client reports that he fell the night before. What should you follow up with? (Select all that apply.)

8 : Which are potential results of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

9 : When an older female adult client complains of itching and pain and several days later shows you a rash, what do you realize she has?

10 : You notice that your older adult male client frequently knocks his arm or hand against door frames or chair backs and then develops a purpura. What do you advise your client to do? (Select all that apply.)

1 :
Diabetes, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and vitamin B deficiencies may cause neurological damage leading to what condition?

2 :
When assessing an older male client, what are some issues that might put him at risk for dehydration? (Select all that apply.)

3 :
Which of the following is a true statement concerning suicide among older adults?

4 :
When teaching a client about foods that do not increase blood glucose, which should the nurse include?

5 :
Pressure ulcers are defined as an injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue resulting from pressure or in combination with shear, usually over a bony prominence. As a nurse, what do you know you must do to prevent pressure ulcers? (Select all that apply.)

6 :
An older adult client has been admitted to a skilled nursing facility. Which of the following can be caused by physical restraints? (Select all that apply.)

7 :
During an assessment, an older adult male client reports that he fell the night before. What should you follow up with? (Select all that apply.)

8 :
Which are potential results of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

9 :
When an older female adult client complains of itching and pain and several days later shows you a rash, what do you realize she has?

10 :
You notice that your older adult male client frequently knocks his arm or hand against door frames or chair backs and then develops a purpura. What do you advise your client to do? (Select all that apply.)