Question

During a change-of-shift report, a nurse sees that a client’s IV bag of 0.9% sodium chloride has 909 mL of fluid left in it. The nurse makes rounds 30 min later and notes that the IV bag is empty. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Check the client’s respiratory rate and lung sounds

Rationale :

🟢 The IV bag running out quickly could indicate fluid overload, especially in clients with compromised cardiac or renal function.

🟢 Signs of fluid overload include dyspnea, tachypnea, and crackles in the lungs.

🟢 Monitoring lung sounds and respiratory rate will help assess if the client is developing pulmonary edema or if the rapid infusion is affecting their respiratory function.

🟢 If signs of fluid overload are present, the nurse should slow or stop the IV infusion and inform the healthcare provider for further evaluation.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

respiratory alkalosis

Rationale :

🔷 Respiratory alkalosis is indicated by the elevated pH (7.49) and low PaCO₂ (30 mmHg), as the body compensates by hyperventilating and exhaling excess CO₂.

🔷 The normal bicarbonate level (HCO₃ of 23 mEq/L) suggests no metabolic compensation yet.

🔷 PaO₂ and SaO₂ are within normal limits, indicating the respiratory alkalosis has not caused significant hypoxia.

🔷 Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by anxiety, pain, or hyperventilation.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

normal ABG

Rationale :

🟡 The pH of 7.41 is within the normal range of 7.35–7.45, indicating that the acid-base balance is intact.

🟡 The PaCO₂ (45 mmHg) and HCO₃ (26 mEq/L) are both normal, indicating no respiratory or metabolic disturbances.

🟡 The PaO₂ of 84 mmHg and SaO₂ are within acceptable limits, confirming that oxygenation is not compromised.

🟡 This is a normal ABG result, showing proper physiological balance without significant abnormalities.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Weak, irregular pulse

Rationale :

💎 Hypokalemia results in decreased electrical conduction in the heart, leading to cardiac arrhythmias.

💎 Potassium is essential for muscle contraction, including in the heart, and its deficiency can result in a weak, irregular pulse and other dysrhythmias.

💎 Clients with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are at increased risk for potassium loss through the gastrointestinal tract.

💎 Early identification of cardiac signs like a weak pulse can help prevent more severe complications such as arrhythmias or cardiac arrest.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula

Rationale :

🔵 The pH of 6.88 and PaCO₂ of 60 mmHg indicate respiratory acidosis, likely due to inadequate ventilation following the seizure.

🔵 The client’s hypoxia (PaO₂ of 50) suggests that the first priority should be improving oxygenation to prevent further respiratory distress or brain damage.

🔵 Applying oxygen via mask or nasal cannula will help increase oxygen levels and improve the pH by reducing CO₂ retention.

🔵 Immediate oxygenation is more critical than administering sodium bicarbonate, which can be considered later if acidosis persists.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Retention of HCO₃ by the kidneys to increase the PH level

Rationale :

🟠 Respiratory acidosis occurs when CO₂ is retained, leading to increased carbonic acid and a drop in pH.

🟠 To compensate, the kidneys retain bicarbonate (HCO₃), which helps buffer excess hydrogen ions and increase the pH to normal levels.

🟠 This compensatory mechanism takes hours to days to become effective and helps correct the pH imbalance gradually.

🟠 Excretion of HCO₃ would worsen the acidosis, and hypoventilation would contribute further to CO₂ retention, worsening the problem.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

1637

Rationale :

🕒 To convert 4:37 PM to military time, 12 hours are added to the standard time.

🕒 The hour changes from 4 PM to 16 (in military time).

🕒 37 minutes remain the same, so the time becomes 1637 hours.

🕒 Military time helps eliminate confusion between AM and PM, particularly in clinical settings.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Hyperactive reflexes
Shallow respirations
Cardiac dysrhythmias

Rationale :

Cardiac dysrhythmias:

✅ Hypokalemia, which often accompanies metabolic alkalosis, can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or atrial fibrillation.

✅ Low potassium levels reduce electrical conductivity in the heart, increasing the risk for life-threatening dysrhythmias.

✅ Continuous ECG monitoring is essential to detect early signs of arrhythmias in patients with metabolic alkalosis.

Hyperactive reflexes:

✅ In metabolic alkalosis, neuromuscular excitability increases, leading to hyperactive reflexes such as twitching or muscle cramps.

✅ This occurs because alkalosis causes a shift in the calcium ion concentration in the blood, making neurons more excitable.

✅ Monitoring for tremors or hyperreflexia is crucial for early detection of severe neuromuscular disturbances.

Shallow respirations:

✅ To compensate for metabolic alkalosis, the body may reduce the rate and depth of breathing, leading to shallow respirations.

✅ This hypoventilation helps the body retain CO₂ to balance the elevated bicarbonate levels and lower the pH.

✅ Monitoring respiratory rate and depth helps assess if the body is effectively compensating for alkalosis.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Pretzels
Tomato
Chicken hotdog

Rationale :

✨ Pretzels are high in sodium, which can contribute to fluid retention and worsen congestive heart failure (CHF) symptoms.

✨ Due to their high sodium content, pretzels can increase blood pressure and add strain to the cardiovascular system.

✨ The nurse should educate the patient to limit processed foods like pretzels in order to manage their condition.

✨ Chicken hotdogs are also typically high in sodium, which can worsen fluid balance in CHF patients.

✨ The sodium content can cause fluid retention, which leads to edema and increased workload on the heart.

✨ The patient should avoid such processed meats and choose lower sodium options to maintain better control of their heart condition.

✨ Tomatoes, especially in canned or processed forms, contain high sodium levels.

✨ This sodium can contribute to fluid retention and worsen symptoms of heart failure.

✨ Patients should be advised to limit or avoid processed tomato products and choose fresh tomatoes or low-sodium alternatives.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Metabolic alkalosis

Rationale :

🟣 The pH of 7.44 is within normal limits, but the elevated bicarbonate (HCO₃ 30) indicates metabolic alkalosis.

🟣 Vomiting causes a loss of gastric acid, leading to the retention of bicarbonate, which results in alkalosis.

🟣 This is typical in patients experiencing severe nausea and vomiting, as seen in pregnancy-related hyperemesis gravidarum.

🟣 Treatment would focus on addressing the electrolyte imbalance and hydrating the patient to prevent further complications.

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NUR 133~Acid-base & Electrolytes Exam 2

No.

1 :
During a change-of-shift report, a nurse sees that a client’s IV bag of 0.9% sodium chloride has 909 mL of fluid left in it. The nurse makes rounds 30 min later and notes that the IV bag is empty. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

2 :
Interpret the following. ABG: pH 7.49, pC02 30 mmHg, HC03 23 Meq/L, Pa02 96 mmHg SaO2 98%

3 :
Interpret the ABG: pH 7.41. PaCO2 45mmHg. HCO3 26. PaO2 84 mmHg. SaO2 normal ABG

4 :
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hypokalemia as a result of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

5 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has just experienced a "second tonic-clonic seizure. The blood gas values are pH 6.88, Pa02 SO PaC02 60 mmHg, and HC03 22mEq/L Which action should the nurse take first?

6 :
The nurse is aware that the compensating mechanism that is most likely to occur in the presence of respiratory acidosis is:

7 :
Convert traditional time of 4:37pm to military time

8 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis for which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse monitor?

9 :
A patient with congestive heart failure is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which of the following, if chosen by the patient, indicates further teaching? (Select 3 options that apply.)

10 :
A female client is in the next trimester of pregnancy. She has experienced approximately one week of severe nausea with frequent vomiting.
Interpret the following ABG for this patient: pH 7.44, pCO₂ 30, HCO₃ 30.

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NUR 133~Acid-base & Electrolytes Exam 2

No.

1 : During a change-of-shift report, a nurse sees that a client’s IV bag of 0.9% sodium chloride has 909 mL of fluid left in it. The nurse makes rounds 30 min later and notes that the IV bag is empty. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

2 : Interpret the following. ABG: pH 7.49, pC02 30 mmHg, HC03 23 Meq/L, Pa02 96 mmHg SaO2 98%

3 : Interpret the ABG: pH 7.41. PaCO2 45mmHg. HCO3 26. PaO2 84 mmHg. SaO2 normal ABG

4 : A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hypokalemia as a result of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

5 : A nurse is caring for a client who has just experienced a "second tonic-clonic seizure. The blood gas values are pH 6.88, Pa02 SO PaC02 60 mmHg, and HC03 22mEq/L Which action should the nurse take first?

6 : The nurse is aware that the compensating mechanism that is most likely to occur in the presence of respiratory acidosis is:

7 : Convert traditional time of 4:37pm to military time

8 : A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis for which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse monitor?

9 : A patient with congestive heart failure is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which of the following, if chosen by the patient, indicates further teaching? (Select 3 options that apply.)

10 : A female client is in the next trimester of pregnancy. She has experienced approximately one week of severe nausea with frequent vomiting.Interpret the following ABG for this patient: pH 7.44, pCO₂ 30, HCO₃ 30.

1 :
During a change-of-shift report, a nurse sees that a client’s IV bag of 0.9% sodium chloride has 909 mL of fluid left in it. The nurse makes rounds 30 min later and notes that the IV bag is empty. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

2 :
Interpret the following. ABG: pH 7.49, pC02 30 mmHg, HC03 23 Meq/L, Pa02 96 mmHg SaO2 98%

3 :
Interpret the ABG: pH 7.41. PaCO2 45mmHg. HCO3 26. PaO2 84 mmHg. SaO2 normal ABG

4 :
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hypokalemia as a result of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

5 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has just experienced a "second tonic-clonic seizure. The blood gas values are pH 6.88, Pa02 SO PaC02 60 mmHg, and HC03 22mEq/L Which action should the nurse take first?

6 :
The nurse is aware that the compensating mechanism that is most likely to occur in the presence of respiratory acidosis is:

7 :
Convert traditional time of 4:37pm to military time

8 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has metabolic alkalosis for which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse monitor?

9 :
A patient with congestive heart failure is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which of the following, if chosen by the patient, indicates further teaching? (Select 3 options that apply.)

10 :
A female client is in the next trimester of pregnancy. She has experienced approximately one week of severe nausea with frequent vomiting.
Interpret the following ABG for this patient: pH 7.44, pCO₂ 30, HCO₃ 30.