Question

A female client starts a new prescription, oxybutynin, for symptoms of an overactive bladder. The client tells the nurse that she is training to run in a half-marathon. Which instruction should the nurse emphasize?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Take measures to avoid dehydration and over-heating.

Rationale :

🟨 Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication that reduces bladder muscle spasms but also inhibits sweating.

🟨 This can impair the body’s ability to regulate temperature, increasing the risk of heat exhaustion or heat stroke, especially in physically active clients.

🟨 Runners should be advised to stay hydrated, wear light clothing, and avoid extreme heat.

🟨 Falls or sun sensitivity are not primary concerns with oxybutynin.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Serum potassium level of 3.8 mEq/L (3.8 mmol/L).

Rationale :

🟩 Sodium polystyrene sulfonate treats hyperkalemia by removing excess potassium via the GI tract.

🟩 A level of 3.8 mEq/L falls within the normal range (3.5–5.0), showing the medication worked.

🟩 None of the other labs directly reflect the drug’s therapeutic effect.

🟩 Monitoring potassium is key to ensuring safety and efficacy.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Worsening headache.

Rationale :

🟥 A worsening headache in a client receiving vasopressin could indicate water intoxication or hyponatremia, both of which are serious complications.

🟥 This must be reported immediately to prevent cerebral edema.

🟥 Polyuria and polydipsia are symptoms of diabetes insipidus, not side effects of vasopressin.

🟥 The goal of vasopressin therapy is to resolve these symptoms, not cause CNS changes.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Measure the client's blood pressure.

Rationale :

🟦 Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that reduces vascular resistance, lowering blood pressure.

🟦 The primary measure of its effectiveness is a reduction in BP.

🟦 Electrolytes and serum calcium are not directly affected by amlodipine.

🟦 Intake and output relate more to diuretics or fluid imbalances.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Explain that the client should not use the discus more than twice daily.

Rationale :

🟪 Fluticasone/salmeterol is a long-acting controller medication, not a rescue inhaler.

🟪 It is typically dosed twice daily, and overuse can lead to side effects without added benefit.

🟪 It is not for acute asthma attacks.

🟪 The client must follow prescribed frequency to avoid adverse outcomes.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Avoid driving, since this medication causes drowsiness.

Rationale :

🟧 Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine that crosses the blood-brain barrier, causing significant sedation.

🟧 Clients should be instructed not to drive or operate heavy machinery.

🟧 While dry mouth and mild GI effects occur, safety concerns are the priority.

🟧 Dosage timing is less urgent than accident prevention.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus.

Rationale :

🟨 While antiretrovirals can reduce viral load to undetectable, they do not guarantee prevention of HIV transmission.

🟨 Safe sex practices and PrEP for partners are still recommended.

🟨 The other statements are true regarding treatment goals and limitations.

🟨 This answer requires correction and reinforcement.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Rapid weight gain.

Rationale :

🟫 Gabapentin may cause fluid retention or weight gain, especially in older adults.

🟫 Sudden weight gain can indicate edema or heart strain and should be reported.

🟫 Other listed symptoms are non-urgent or uncommon with gabapentin.

🟫 Nurses should monitor for this side effect in long-term therapy.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Hemoglobin level increased to 12 g/dL (7.45 mmol/L).

Rationale :

🟦 Epoetin alfa stimulates erythropoiesis, and its effectiveness is measured by a rise in hemoglobin levels.

🟦 A level of 12 g/dL shows therapeutic success in managing anemia from CKD.

🟦 Subjective improvements and diet are helpful but not primary indicators of medication efficacy.

🟦 Regular monitoring ensures safe target range maintenance.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

No known allergies
Peripheral IV in large vein
Blood urea nitrogen 17 mg/dL (6.07 mmol/L)
Dosage in safe range

Rationale :

No known allergies

🟩 Before administering vancomycin, it is essential to confirm that the client has no known drug allergies, particularly to glycopeptide antibiotics.

🟩 Allergic reactions can range from mild skin rashes to life-threatening anaphylaxis, especially in elderly or immunocompromised patients.

🟩 Documenting and confirming no hypersensitivity history ensures that the medication can be administered safely.

Peripheral IV in large vein

🟩 Vancomycin is an irritant and has the potential to cause chemical phlebitis or infiltration if given through small or fragile veins.

🟩 A 20-gauge catheter in a large peripheral vein, such as the antecubital, reduces these risks and allows for proper infusion rate.

🟩 Ensuring appropriate vascular access is key to minimizing local tissue irritation and pain during administration.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 17 mg/dL (6.07 mmol/L)

🟩 Vancomycin is nephrotoxic, and evaluating baseline renal function is vital before administration.

🟩 A BUN of 17 mg/dL is within the normal range (7–20 mg/dL), indicating adequate kidney function to safely process the drug.

🟩 Normal renal values reduce the risk of drug accumulation and toxicity, which is particularly important in older adults.

Dosage in safe range

🟩 The prescribed dose of 1 gram in 250 mL over 2 hours adheres to established guidelines for vancomycin infusion safety.

🟩 Administering the drug over at least 60–120 minutes helps prevent Red Man Syndrome, a histamine-mediated reaction.

🟩 Verifying that the dose and rate are appropriate is a necessary safety step before initiation.

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WGU-HESI-RN Pharmacology Exam II

No.

1 :
A female client starts a new prescription, oxybutynin, for symptoms of an overactive bladder. The client tells the nurse that she is training to run in a half-marathon. Which instruction should the nurse emphasize?

3 :
A client who is newly diagnosed with diabetes insipidus (DI) is receiving a synthetic vasopressin intravenously. Which side effect of vasopressin reported by the client should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?

4 :
Which action should the nurse implement to assess the effectiveness of amlodipine?

5 :
To control asthma, a client in a residential treatment facility uses a fluticasone propionate and salmeterol discus inhalation system, which provides an inhaled powdered form of these combined medications. Which instruction should the nurse provide to this client's caregivers?

6 :
A client with allergic rhinitis is taking the over-the-counter antihistamine diphenhydramine HCL. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide this client?

7 :
The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about the antiretroviral medication regimen. Which statement provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?

8 :
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has been prescribed gabapentin 300 mg by mouth (PO) three times a day for postherpetic neuralgia. Which symptom should the nurse tell the client to report to the healthcare provider?

9 :
A client with anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) started a prescription for epoetin alfa two months ago. Which client finding best indicates that the medication is effective? Reference Range: Hemoglobin (Hgb) [14 to 18 g/dl. (8.7 to 11.2 mmol/L)]

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WGU-HESI-RN Pharmacology Exam II

No.

1 : A female client starts a new prescription, oxybutynin, for symptoms of an overactive bladder. The client tells the nurse that she is training to run in a half-marathon. Which instruction should the nurse emphasize?

3 : A client who is newly diagnosed with diabetes insipidus (DI) is receiving a synthetic vasopressin intravenously. Which side effect of vasopressin reported by the client should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?

4 : Which action should the nurse implement to assess the effectiveness of amlodipine?

5 : To control asthma, a client in a residential treatment facility uses a fluticasone propionate and salmeterol discus inhalation system, which provides an inhaled powdered form of these combined medications. Which instruction should the nurse provide to this client's caregivers?

6 : A client with allergic rhinitis is taking the over-the-counter antihistamine diphenhydramine HCL. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide this client?

7 : The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about the antiretroviral medication regimen. Which statement provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?

8 : The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has been prescribed gabapentin 300 mg by mouth (PO) three times a day for postherpetic neuralgia. Which symptom should the nurse tell the client to report to the healthcare provider?

9 : A client with anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) started a prescription for epoetin alfa two months ago. Which client finding best indicates that the medication is effective? Reference Range: Hemoglobin (Hgb) [14 to 18 g/dl. (8.7 to 11.2 mmol/L)]

1 :
A female client starts a new prescription, oxybutynin, for symptoms of an overactive bladder. The client tells the nurse that she is training to run in a half-marathon. Which instruction should the nurse emphasize?

3 :
A client who is newly diagnosed with diabetes insipidus (DI) is receiving a synthetic vasopressin intravenously. Which side effect of vasopressin reported by the client should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?

4 :
Which action should the nurse implement to assess the effectiveness of amlodipine?

5 :
To control asthma, a client in a residential treatment facility uses a fluticasone propionate and salmeterol discus inhalation system, which provides an inhaled powdered form of these combined medications. Which instruction should the nurse provide to this client's caregivers?

6 :
A client with allergic rhinitis is taking the over-the-counter antihistamine diphenhydramine HCL. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide this client?

7 :
The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about the antiretroviral medication regimen. Which statement provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?

8 :
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has been prescribed gabapentin 300 mg by mouth (PO) three times a day for postherpetic neuralgia. Which symptom should the nurse tell the client to report to the healthcare provider?

9 :
A client with anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) started a prescription for epoetin alfa two months ago. Which client finding best indicates that the medication is effective? Reference Range: Hemoglobin (Hgb) [14 to 18 g/dl. (8.7 to 11.2 mmol/L)]