Question

Which instruction is most appropriate for a client who is prescribed pancrelipase (Cotazym)?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Take the medication with meals

Rationale :

🔹Pancrelipase is a pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy that must be taken with meals to facilitate the digestion and absorption of nutrients. 🔹These enzymes help break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates when natural pancreatic secretions are insufficient, as in cases of pancreatic insufficiency or cystic fibrosis. 🔹Taking the medication with meals ensures it mixes with food in the stomach and duodenum to exert its effect. 🔹Administering it at any other time significantly reduces its therapeutic benefit.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Respiratory rate and pulse
Pulse oximetry
Lung sounds

Rationale :

🔹Albuterol, a short-acting beta-2 agonist, can cause increased heart rate and improve airway patency, so monitoring respiratory rate and pulse is essential to assess both efficacy and side effects. 🔹Pulse oximetry evaluates oxygenation and helps determine the effectiveness of the bronchodilator therapy. 🔹Lung sounds must be reassessed after administration to determine if wheezing or bronchospasm has improved, which would indicate a positive therapeutic response. 🔹These parameters provide a comprehensive evaluation of both respiratory status and the drug’s effects.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Take the medication at least 2 hours prior to meals

Rationale :

🔹Pancrelipase must be ingested at mealtime to ensure it can function in conjunction with food digestion. 🔹 The enzymes are designed to replace what the pancreas cannot produce, and taking them during meals allows proper nutrient breakdown. 🔹Administering the drug outside of meals diminishes its digestive effectiveness, potentially leading to malabsorption symptoms such as steatorrhea. 🔹Consistent timing with meals improves nutritional outcomes.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Antibiotics

Rationale :

🔹H. pylori is a bacterium that infects the stomach lining and is a primary cause of peptic ulcer disease. 🔹The cornerstone of treatment involves antibiotic therapy to eradicate the organism, often combined with acid-reducing medications like proton-pump inhibitors to promote healing. 🔹H2 blockers and antacids can provide symptom relief but do not eliminate the underlying infection. 🔹Therefore, antibiotics are essential for a curative approach.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Stimulant laxative

Rationale :

🔹Stimulant laxatives act by directly irritating the intestinal mucosa or stimulating the nerve plexus in the bowel wall, which increases peristalsis and promotes bowel evacuation. 🔹These agents, like bisacodyl and senna, are effective for short-term relief of constipation. 🔹However, chronic use can lead to dependence or reduced bowel tone. 🔹Unlike stool softeners or osmotics, they act quickly and aggressively to induce bowel movements.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Replacement therapy with pancreatic enzymes

Rationale :

🔹Pancreatic insufficiency results in the inability to digest nutrients effectively due to the lack of digestive enzymes such as lipase, amylase, and protease. 🔹 The standard treatment includes the administration of pancreatic enzyme replacements, such as pancrelipase, which mimic the function of natural enzymes. 🔹This therapy improves nutrient absorption, reduces steatorrhea, and promotes weight maintenance. 🔹 Other interventions like reducing stomach acid or food intake do not address the root problem.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Albuterol

Rationale :

🔹Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist used to treat acute asthma attacks by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles and opening the airways. 🔹It acts quickly, making it ideal for emergency use. 🔹The other medications listed are for long-term control and prevention, not immediate relief.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

The medication will relieve wheezing.
The medication will open the airways.

Rationale :

🔹Albuterol relieves asthma symptoms by dilating bronchial passages, easing airflow, and reducing wheezing. 🔹It does not reduce inflammation or increase mucus production. Its primary benefit is rapid airway opening.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

At high doses, to increase cardiac output.
At low doses, to cause increased blood flow to the kidneys.
To cause vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure.

Rationale :

🔹Dopamine has dose-specific effects—low doses improve kidney perfusion, while higher doses enhance cardiac output and raise BP through vasoconstriction. It’s not used for anaphylaxis. 🔹Monitoring dosage and response is crucial.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Nighttime pain

Rationale :

🔹 Duodenal ulcers often cause pain on an empty stomach, especially at night, which is relieved by eating. Gastric ulcers, in contrast, usually hurt after meals. 🔹Nighttime pain is a key sign of duodenal ulcer

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RN Pharmacology II Exam

No.

1 : Which instruction is most appropriate for a client who is prescribed pancrelipase (Cotazym)?

3 : Which instruction is most appropriate for a client who is prescribed pancrelipase (Cotazym)?

4 : An ulcer caused by H. pylori can be successfully treated with which classification of drugs?

5 : Which type of laxative causes peristalsis by irritating the bowel?

6 : A client has been diagnosed with pancreatic insufficiency. Which treatment option does the nurse anticipate for this client?

7 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a school-age child who has asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the child to use to abort an ongoing attack?

8 : A nurse is caring for a client who has asthma. The client asks the nurse how albuterol helps his breathing. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the response? (Select all that apply.)

9 : The patient's family is asking questions about the medications used in the treatment for shock. The nurse explains that dopamine is one of the drugs being used and that it works:(Select All that Apply.)

10 : What symptom is more common to a duodenal ulcer than a gastric ulcer?

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