Question

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking simvastatin (Zocor). What should the nurse instruct this client to avoid while taking this medication?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Grapefruit juice

Rationale :

Grapefruit juice inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme, which metabolizes simvastatin. This increases serum drug levels and raises the risk of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis. Clients taking simvastatin must avoid grapefruit and grapefruit-containing products.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

cholesterol.
contraindicated

Rationale :

HDL (high-density lipoprotein) removes excess cholesterol from tissues and transports it to the liver for excretion. This protective role lowers cardiovascular risk, earning it the term "good" cholesterol. High HDL levels are beneficial.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

A statin

Rationale :

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly called statins, reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver. These drugs are the first-line treatment for hyperlipidemia. Examples include simvastatin and atorvastatin.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Beta blockers

Rationale :

Beta blockers block beta-adrenergic receptors, slowing heart rate and reducing myocardial oxygen demand. They are proven to reduce mortality after myocardial infarction. They also help control blood pressure and arrhythmias.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

"Stable angina is predictable in its frequency, intensity, and duration. Unstable angina is when angina episodes become more frequent or severe, and occur during periods of rest."

Rationale :

Stable angina occurs with exertion and resolves with rest or medication. Unstable angina is unpredictable, more intense, and may occur at rest, signaling a risk for myocardial infarction. This distinction is essential in guiding urgency of care.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Chest pain on physical exertion or emotional stress

Rationale :

Angina is chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia, typically triggered by physical exertion or stress. The pain is due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. It usually resolves with rest or nitroglycerin.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Half tablet

Rationale :

To deliver a 25 mg dose using a 50 mg tablet, the tablet must be split in half. This approach allows gradual titration to minimize side effects. Accurate tablet splitting ensures proper dosing.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Nitrates

Rationale :

Isosorbide is a nitrate used to prevent angina by dilating coronary arteries and reducing preload. It decreases myocardial oxygen demand. It is not used for acute attacks but for long-term angina prevention.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

"l can eat any food I want as long as I take my medications."

Rationale :

Cholesterol-lowering medications must be paired with dietary changes for optimal effect. Unrestricted eating undermines the drug’s purpose and increases cardiovascular risk. Client education should emphasize lifestyle changes alongside medication.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

"For chest pain, put one tablet under your tongue every 5 minutes; taking no more than a total of three tablets."

Rationale :

Sublingual nitroglycerin should be taken at the onset of chest pain, with one tablet every 5 minutes, up to three doses. If pain persists after three doses, emergency services must be contacted. This protocol helps manage angina and detect MI early.

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RN Pharmacology~240

No.

1 : The nurse is caring for a client who is taking simvastatin (Zocor). What should the nurse instruct this client to avoid while taking this medication?

2 : Because HDL transports cholesterol for destructions and removes it from the body, it is considered

3 : The physician tells the nurse an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor has been ordered. What is another name for the type of drug?

4 : Which of the following classes of medication decreases heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure, and is used to increase survival rates in post-myocardial infarction patients?

5 : A client asks the nurse to explain the difference between stable and unstable angina. What is the best response by the nurse?

6 : The nurse is describing angina to a family member of a client recently diagnosed with the condition. Which characterization of angina is the most appropriate?

7 : An older patient has a prescription for sertraline (Zoloft) 25 mg/day, P O. to be taken for 1 week and then increased to 50 mg/day the second week. The pharmacy gives the patient 50-mg tablets. How many tablets will the patient take per day during the first week?

8 : Which of the following drug classes does isosorbide (Isordil) belong to?

9 : The nurse has just completed medication teaching regarding medications used to treat high cholesterol. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

10 : The patient is being discharged with nitroglycerin (Nitrostat). Patient education would include instructions to:

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