Question

A client frequently takes diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to alleviate his upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergies. Which of the following mechanisms of action applies to diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Blocks histamine receptors and inhibits acetylcholine by binding to HI receptors.

Rationale :

Diphenhydramine is an H1 receptor antagonist that blocks the action of histamine, relieving allergic symptoms such as sneezing and itching. It also exhibits anticholinergic effects by blocking acetylcholine, leading to side effects like dry mouth and sedation. It does not affect H4 receptors or stimulate histamine.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Rationale :

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is used to treat hyperkalemia by exchanging sodium for potassium in the gut, helping to lower serum potassium levels. Captopril can worsen hyperkalemia, and sertraline has no role in managing potassium levels.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Thromboembolic events

Rationale :

Estrogen blockers such as tamoxifen can increase the risk of thromboembolic events, including DVT and pulmonary embolism. This is a serious side effect requiring patient education. Flushing is more associated with niacin, and suicide risk is not typical for estrogen blockers.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Serotonin syndrome

Rationale :

Serotonin syndrome is a life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonergic activity, often due to overdose or interaction of SSRIs like sertraline with other drugs. Symptoms include agitation, confusion, hyperreflexia, and fever. Tardive dyskinesia is more associated with antipsychotics.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Tachycardia
Decreased urination
Dry mouth

Rationale :

Cyclobenzaprine is a centrally acting muscle relaxant with anticholinergic properties, leading to dry mouth, urinary retention, and increased heart rate. Excessive lacrimation and sweating are cholinergic effects, not anticholinergic.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Hypokalemia

Rationale :

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that causes significant potassium loss through the urine. Nurses should monitor potassium levels and supplement as needed to prevent arrhythmias. Hypoglycemia and hypertension are not typical side effects.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Decongestants

Rationale :

Decongestants are primarily used for upper respiratory symptoms like nasal congestion, typically associated with colds or allergies. Antitussives and expectorants address cough (lower tract), while albuterol is for bronchodilation in asthma.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

43 hours

Rationale :

Metformin should be stopped at least 24–48 hours prior to receiving IV contrast to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis. The safest recommendation is 43 hours before and 48 hours after, depending on kidney function. Always follow facility policy.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

If my erection lasts longer than 6 hours, I should contact my provider.

Rationale :

Priapism (prolonged erection) is a rare but serious side effect of sildenafil and can lead to permanent tissue damage if not treated. The medication should be taken about 30–60 minutes before sexual activity, not one minute before. Nitroglycerin is contraindicated due to severe hypotension risk.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Intestinal Obstruction

Rationale :

Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases acetylcholine, which can increase GI motility and secretions. In a client with intestinal obstruction, this can worsen the condition. Diarrhea and glaucoma are not contraindications.

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RN Pharmacology Final Exam

No.

1 : A client frequently takes diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to alleviate his upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergies. Which of the following mechanisms of action applies to diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

2 : A nurse is caring for a client with an elevated serum potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L (3.5-5.0 mEq/L). Which scheduled medication should the nurse plan to administer?

3 : The nurse is administering an estrogen blocker to a client diagnosed with advanced breast cancer. Which of the following side effects will the nurse caution the client regarding?

4 : The nurse is caring for a client who has begun to take sertraline (Zoloft) for newly diagnosed depression. Which of the following conditions is associated with an overdose of this medication class?

5 : A client is taking cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) for acute muscle spasms of the back. The nurse educates the client on which possible anticholinergic side effects associated with this medication? (Select all that apply)

6 : A client admitted to the hospital has been placed on furosemide (Lasix) for the treatment of heart failure. Which side effect should the nurse monitor for associated with furosemide (Lasix)?

7 : The nurse is educating student nurses on the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract. Which medications are primarily used for upper respiratory conditions?

8 : A diabetic client who is currently taking metformin is ordered a computerized tomography (CT) scan with contrast.

The nurse understands that the client's metformin should be discontinued how many hours before receiving intravenous (IV) contrast?

9 : A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of sildenafil (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?

10 : The nurse is performing education to a client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following

contraindications for anticholinergic would the nurse include for donepezil (Aricept)?

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RN Pharmacology Final Exam

No.

1 : A client frequently takes diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to alleviate his upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergies. Which of the following mechanisms of action applies to diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

2 : A nurse is caring for a client with an elevated serum potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L (3.5-5.0 mEq/L). Which scheduled medication should the nurse plan to administer?

3 : The nurse is administering an estrogen blocker to a client diagnosed with advanced breast cancer. Which of the following side effects will the nurse caution the client regarding?

4 : The nurse is caring for a client who has begun to take sertraline (Zoloft) for newly diagnosed depression. Which of the following conditions is associated with an overdose of this medication class?

5 : A client is taking cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) for acute muscle spasms of the back. The nurse educates the client on which possible anticholinergic side effects associated with this medication? (Select all that apply)

6 : A client admitted to the hospital has been placed on furosemide (Lasix) for the treatment of heart failure. Which side effect should the nurse monitor for associated with furosemide (Lasix)?

7 : The nurse is educating student nurses on the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract. Which medications are primarily used for upper respiratory conditions?

8 : A diabetic client who is currently taking metformin is ordered a computerized tomography (CT) scan with contrast.The nurse understands that the client's metformin should be discontinued how many hours before receiving intravenous (IV) contrast?

9 : A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of sildenafil (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?

10 : The nurse is performing education to a client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the followingcontraindications for anticholinergic would the nurse include for donepezil (Aricept)?

8 : A diabetic client who is currently taking metformin is ordered a computerized tomography (CT) scan with contrast.

The nurse understands that the client's metformin should be discontinued how many hours before receiving intravenous (IV) contrast?

10 : The nurse is performing education to a client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following

contraindications for anticholinergic would the nurse include for donepezil (Aricept)?