Question

The public health nurse reports a rubeola outbreak within the community shelter. A client states to the nurse, "I am concerned about the potential transmission to my newborn." Which response does the nurse provide to this client?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

"Rubeola is spread through droplets, so a cough or a sneeze could potentially transmit the disease."

Rationale :

🔷 Rubeola, also called measles, is a highly contagious viral infection spread mainly through respiratory droplets and airborne particles.

🔷 Coughing, sneezing, or breathing near an infected person can expose others, especially vulnerable clients such as newborns.

🔷 Measles can remain infectious in the air or on surfaces for a period after the infected person leaves the area.

🔷 Newborns are at increased risk because their immune systems are immature and they may not yet be vaccinated.

🔷 The nurse should provide accurate transmission teaching and reinforce the importance of isolation and public health follow-up.

“The risk of transmission is low due to rubeola only being spread through skin-to-skin contact with the infected person's rash.”

🔷Rubeola is not limited to skin-to-skin transmission.

🔷It spreads primarily through respiratory secretions, making it much more contagious.

“As long as the client was not in the same room as the infected person, you do not need to worry about the risk of exposure.”

🔷 This statement is unsafe because measles can spread through airborne particles.

🔷Exposure risk can still exist even after the infected person has left the room.

“This bacterial infection is highly contagious, and infection often requires hospitalization.”

🔷Rubeola is a viral, not bacterial, infection.

🔷Hospitalization is not always required, but severe complications can occur.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

"Non-bullous impetigo becomes crusts after they burst."

Rationale :

🔶Non-bullous impetigo commonly begins as small vesicles or pustules that rupture easily.

🔶After rupture, the lesions form classic honey-colored crusts, especially around the nose and mouth.

🔶This type is the most common form of impetigo and is highly contagious among children.

🔶Nursing care focuses on hygiene, avoiding scratching, completing prescribed antibiotics, and preventing spread through shared towels or close contact.

🔶Recognizing the crusted appearance helps distinguish non-bullous impetigo from other pediatric skin disorders.

“Non-bullous impetigo is clusters of large blisters.”

🔶Large blisters are more consistent with bullous impetigo.

🔶Non-bullous impetigo usually has smaller vesicles or pustules.

“Bullous impetigo is made up of superficial vesicles and pustules.”

🔶Superficial vesicles and pustules describe non-bullous impetigo more accurately.

🔶Bullous impetigo causes larger fluid-filled bullae.

“Bullous impetigo blisters may burst and form honey-colored crusts.”

🔶Bullous impetigo blisters can rupture, but the classic honey-colored crusting is most strongly associated with non-bullous impetigo.

🔶Bullous lesions are larger and may leave moist, red areas after rupture.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Review each child's individualized education plan (IEP) and health records prior to beginning the screenings

Rationale :

💎 The nurse should first review each child’s IEP and health records to understand the child’s developmental level, communication needs, medical history, and required accommodations.

💎 Children with developmental disabilities may need individualized approaches to complete screenings accurately and safely.

💎 Reviewing records first allows the nurse to plan the environment, equipment, timing, and communication method appropriately.

💎 This action supports individualized, client-centered care rather than using the same screening process for every child.

💎 Proper preparation improves screening accuracy and reduces distress for the child.

Collaborate with teachers to create a quiet and structured environment for the screening process

💎A quiet, structured environment is helpful for children with developmental disabilities.

💎However, the nurse should first review the child’s records to know what specific accommodations are needed.

Gather appropriate screening tools and adaptive equipment needed for each child's assessment

💎Adaptive tools may be necessary, but the nurse must first know each child’s individual needs.

💎The IEP and health records guide which tools are appropriate.

Notify parents in advance about the screening schedule and what each screening will involve

💎Parent notification is important for communication and consent processes.

💎 However, the first nursing strategy is to understand the child’s documented needs before planning the screening.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

50%, because two of the four possible genetic combinations result in a child who inherits a defective gene from both parents and will therefore have cystic fibrosis.

Rationale :

🔹 Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning the child must inherit two defective CF genes to have the disease.

🔹 The affected parent has two defective genes and will pass one defective gene to every child.

🔹 The carrier parent has one defective gene and one normal gene, so there is a 50% chance of passing the defective gene.

🔹 This creates a 50% chance the child will inherit defective genes from both parents and have cystic fibrosis.

🔹 There is also a 50% chance the child will inherit only one defective gene and become a carrier.

25%, because one of the four possible genetic combinations produces a child who inherits one defective gene from each parent and is therefore a CF carrier only.

🔹 A child who inherits one defective gene from each parent would have cystic fibrosis, not just carrier status.

🔹 The 25% risk applies when both parents are carriers, not when one parent is affected.

75%, because three of the four possible genetic combinations result in a child who carries at least one defective CF gene inherited from either the affected or carrier parent.

🔹 All children will inherit at least one defective gene from the affected parent.

🔹 However, having at least one defective gene does not mean the child will have the disease.

100%, because the affected parent contributes a defective CF gene to every child, guaranteeing that all offspring will inherit the disease.

🔹 The affected parent does pass a defective gene to every child.

🔹 The child only has the disease if the carrier parent also passes the defective gene.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Place a sign on the door for airborne and contact precautions.

Rationale :

🟣 Suspected varicella requires immediate airborne and contact precautions because it spreads easily through respiratory particles and direct contact with lesions.

🟣 Placing the precaution sign first protects staff, visitors, and other clients from exposure.

🟣 Varicella is especially dangerous for pregnant clients, newborns, and immunocompromised individuals.

🟣 Isolation should be implemented before nonurgent comfort measures or routine assessment.

🟣 Infection control is the first priority because the client is suspected of having a highly contagious illness.

Administer acetaminophen for the fever

🟣Acetaminophen may be appropriate for fever management.

🟣However, infection control precautions must be initiated first to prevent transmission.

Offer the client a cool sponge bath to soothe the itchy skin

🟣A cool sponge bath can help relieve itching and discomfort.

🟣However, comfort measures come after isolation precautions are established.

Perform a head-to-toe assessment

🟣Assessment is important, but the nurse already has enough information to suspect varicella.

🟣Precautions should be initiated before extended contact.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

"The flu shot is designed to protect against the actively circulating strains of the virus."

Rationale :

🔷 The seasonal influenza vaccine is updated to protect against the flu strains expected to circulate during that flu season.

🔷 This is the best teaching because influenza viruses change frequently through antigenic drift.

🔷 The vaccine helps the immune system produce antibodies before exposure to the actual virus.

🔷 Annual vaccination is recommended because protection decreases over time and circulating strains may change each year.

🔷 This explanation gives the hesitant parent accurate information without increasing fear.

“Live flu viruses are used in the flu shots so that your child may have a mild infection.”

🔷 Injectable flu shots do not contain live virus, so they cannot cause influenza infection.

🔷 This statement could increase vaccine fear and is not accurate teaching.

“Your child will be protected with antibodies immediately after the vaccination.”

🔷 Antibody protection is not immediate after vaccination.

🔷 It usually takes about 2 weeks for protective immunity to develop.

“We can offer a nasal spray form of the vaccine that is just as effective as the shot.”

🔷 The nasal spray is a live attenuated vaccine and is not appropriate for every child.

🔷 Effectiveness and eligibility depend on age, health status, and contraindications.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Temperature of 101.8°F (38.8C)
Pleuritic chest pain
Intercostal retractions
Coughing with mucus present

Rationale :

Temperature of 101.8°F (38.8°C)

🟢 Fever is a common finding in pneumonia because the body activates an immune response against infection in the lungs.

🟢 A temperature of 101.8°F (38.8°C) suggests an infectious or inflammatory process rather than a normal respiratory variation.

🟢 In children, fever with respiratory symptoms should raise concern for a lower respiratory tract infection.

🟢 Pneumonia often causes systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, chills, and poor appetite.

🟢 This finding becomes more significant when it appears with cough, chest pain, and signs of increased work of breathing.

Pleuritic chest pain

🟢 Pleuritic chest pain occurs when inflammation from pneumonia irritates the pleura surrounding the lungs.

🟢 The pain is usually worse with deep breathing, coughing, or movement because the inflamed pleural surfaces rub together.

🟢 In a child with suspected pneumonia, chest pain supports lung involvement rather than a simple upper respiratory infection.

🟢 This symptom may cause the child to take shallow breaths, which can worsen ventilation and oxygen exchange.

🟢 Reporting pleuritic pain is important because it helps guide assessment of respiratory effort and lung sounds.

Intercostal retractions

🟢 Intercostal retractions indicate increased work of breathing and possible respiratory distress.

🟢 Retractions occur when the child uses accessory muscles to pull air into the lungs because normal breathing is not enough.

🟢 In pneumonia, inflammation, secretions, and reduced alveolar ventilation can make breathing more difficult.

🟢 This finding is clinically important because it may signal worsening respiratory compromise.

🟢 The nurse should continue assessing oxygen saturation, breath sounds, respiratory rate, and overall effort.

Coughing with mucus present

🟢 Coughing with mucus is consistent with pneumonia because infection causes inflammation and increased respiratory secretions.

🟢 Productive cough suggests that the lower airways are involved and the body is trying to clear mucus from the lungs.

🟢 The mucus may be thick, colored, or increased depending on the infection and hydration status.

🟢 In children, persistent cough with fever and abnormal breathing effort is a strong sign of possible pneumonia.

🟢 This finding should prompt careful respiratory assessment, hydration support, and monitoring for worsening symptoms.

Respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min

🟢 A respiratory rate of 20/min is generally within the expected range for a school-age child.

🟢 Pneumonia is more concerning when respirations are increased, labored, or associated with retractions.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

"My child won't let us touch the ear and keeps tugging and pulling at it."
"My child only wants to be carried and screams when put down to sleep."
"Lately, I have to call my child multiple times before I get a response."

Rationale :

“My child won’t let us touch the ear and keeps tugging and pulling at it.”

🔹 Ear tugging, pulling, and guarding are strong signs of ear pain in toddlers because they may not be able to verbalize pain clearly.

🔹 In acute otitis media, inflammation and fluid buildup behind the tympanic membrane create pressure and discomfort.

🔹 The child may resist touch near the affected ear because movement or pressure can worsen the pain.

🔹 Fever with ear pulling increases concern for an infectious process in the middle ear.

🔹 This behavior is especially significant when it occurs with crying, irritability, and ear-specific guarding.

“My child only wants to be carried and screams when put down to sleep.”

🔹 Toddlers with otitis media often become very irritable because middle ear pressure causes persistent discomfort.

🔹 Lying down can increase pressure in the middle ear, which can make pain worse during sleep or rest.

🔹 Screaming when placed down suggests that the position may be intensifying the ear pain.

🔹 Wanting to be carried reflects the child’s need for comfort during acute pain and illness.

🔹 This statement supports otitis media because disturbed sleep and increased crying are common pediatric signs.

“Lately, I have to call my child multiple times before I get a response.”

🔹 Temporary hearing difficulty can occur with otitis media because fluid behind the tympanic membrane reduces sound conduction.

🔹 The child may appear inattentive, but the issue may actually be decreased hearing from middle ear effusion.

🔹 Inflammation and fluid buildup can muffle sounds until the infection or effusion improves.

🔹 Requiring repeated calling is clinically important because it suggests altered auditory response.

🔹 This finding supports otitis media because ear infections can cause short-term conductive hearing changes.

“My child can sleep through the night once put down on the right side.”

🔹Sleeping comfortably through the night does not strongly support acute ear pain.

🔹Otitis media usually causes increased discomfort when lying down.

“My child stopped going to day care weeks ago.”

🔹Day care attendance is a risk factor for otitis media, but stopping day care weeks ago is not a current symptom.

🔹This statement does not directly indicate an active ear infection.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

"ITP usually self-resolves within a few weeks to a few months."

Rationale :

💎 In children, acute immune thrombocytopenia often follows a viral illness and commonly resolves spontaneously.

💎 Most pediatric cases improve within weeks to a few months without long-term complications.

💎 The condition causes low platelet counts due to immune-mediated platelet destruction.

💎 Nursing care focuses on monitoring for bleeding, preventing injury, and educating parents about safety precautions.

💎 This response gives the parents realistic reassurance about the usual prognosis of acute ITP.

“The prognosis depends on whether your child has chronic or acute ITP.”

💎 This statement is generally true but does not directly answer the parents’ concern about the child’s likely prognosis.

💎 The child has an abrupt onset, which is more consistent with acute ITP.

“Your child will need close monitoring, and treatment may be required depending on symptoms.”

💎 This is accurate management information, but it does not best answer the question about prognosis.

💎 Parents are asking what to expect, so the best response should explain the usual outcome.

“The prognosis depends on how well your child responds to treatment.”

💎 Many children with acute ITP recover without aggressive treatment.

💎 This response may cause unnecessary worry because it focuses too much on treatment response.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

"We will track our child's weight every morning before breakfast and report any gain of more than 2 pounds in a day."

Rationale :

🟠 Daily weight is the most accurate home indicator of fluid retention in a child recovering from acute kidney injury.

🟠 Weight should be measured at the same time each day, preferably before breakfast, for consistency.

🟠 A gain of more than 2 pounds in 24 hours can indicate excess fluid accumulation and worsening renal function.

🟠 Parents should report rapid weight gain because AKI can impair the kidneys’ ability to regulate fluid balance.

🟠 This statement shows understanding of monitoring for complications after discharge.

“We will restrict fluids during the day to allow for preservation of kidney function.”

🟠 Fluid restriction should only be done according to the provider’s prescription.

🟠 Unnecessary restriction can cause dehydration and worsen kidney perfusion.

“We will eliminate all protein from our child’s diet completely until the follow-up appointment confirms kidney recovery.”

🟠 Protein may be limited depending on renal status, but it is not usually eliminated completely.

🟠 Children still need adequate nutrition for healing and growth.

“We will allow our child to return to full physical activity as long as urine output appears normal each day.”

🟠 Activity should be resumed based on provider guidance, not urine output alone.

🟠 AKI recovery requires monitoring of labs, hydration, blood pressure, and overall condition.

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RN Pediatrics Exam 2026

No.

1 :
The public health nurse reports a rubeola outbreak within the community shelter. A client states to the nurse, "I am concerned about the potential transmission to my newborn." Which response does the nurse provide to this client?

2 :
The newly graduated nurse is caring for several pediatric clients who are diagnosed with impetigo. Which statement by the nurse correctly identifies the characteristics associated with the two types of this skin disorder?

3 :
The nurse prepares to conduct annual health screenings for a group of school-age children with previously diagnosed developmental disabilities. Which strategy does the nurse apply first?

5 :
The nurse admits an adolescent client in an isolation room who is suspected of varicella infection. The client currently has a fever and reports extreme discomfort due to itching. Which is the first action by the nurse?

6 :
The nurse discusses preventing influenza virus infection with the parent of a school-age client. The parent is hesitant about giving the child the flu vaccine. Which statement by the nurse provides additional information to the parent?

7 :
The nurse cares for a school-age client, whose parent states the client has breathing problems. Which assessment findings are consistent with a potential diagnosis of pneumonia? Select all that apply.

9 :
The nurse cares for a school-age male client who experienced an abrupt onset of symptoms and is diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The parents ask the nurse about the client's prognosis. Which is the best response by the nurse?

10 :
The nurse provides discharge education to the parents of a school-age child diagnosed with acute kidney Injury (AKI). Which statement by a parent indicates understanding of the teaching?

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RN Pediatrics Exam 2026

No.

1 : The public health nurse reports a rubeola outbreak within the community shelter. A client states to the nurse, "I am concerned about the potential transmission to my newborn." Which response does the nurse provide to this client?

2 : The newly graduated nurse is caring for several pediatric clients who are diagnosed with impetigo. Which statement by the nurse correctly identifies the characteristics associated with the two types of this skin disorder?

3 : The nurse prepares to conduct annual health screenings for a group of school-age children with previously diagnosed developmental disabilities. Which strategy does the nurse apply first?

5 : The nurse admits an adolescent client in an isolation room who is suspected of varicella infection. The client currently has a fever and reports extreme discomfort due to itching. Which is the first action by the nurse?

6 : The nurse discusses preventing influenza virus infection with the parent of a school-age client. The parent is hesitant about giving the child the flu vaccine. Which statement by the nurse provides additional information to the parent?

7 : The nurse cares for a school-age client, whose parent states the client has breathing problems. Which assessment findings are consistent with a potential diagnosis of pneumonia? Select all that apply.

9 : The nurse cares for a school-age male client who experienced an abrupt onset of symptoms and is diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The parents ask the nurse about the client's prognosis. Which is the best response by the nurse?

10 : The nurse provides discharge education to the parents of a school-age child diagnosed with acute kidney Injury (AKI). Which statement by a parent indicates understanding of the teaching?

1 :
The public health nurse reports a rubeola outbreak within the community shelter. A client states to the nurse, "I am concerned about the potential transmission to my newborn." Which response does the nurse provide to this client?

2 :
The newly graduated nurse is caring for several pediatric clients who are diagnosed with impetigo. Which statement by the nurse correctly identifies the characteristics associated with the two types of this skin disorder?

3 :
The nurse prepares to conduct annual health screenings for a group of school-age children with previously diagnosed developmental disabilities. Which strategy does the nurse apply first?

5 :
The nurse admits an adolescent client in an isolation room who is suspected of varicella infection. The client currently has a fever and reports extreme discomfort due to itching. Which is the first action by the nurse?

6 :
The nurse discusses preventing influenza virus infection with the parent of a school-age client. The parent is hesitant about giving the child the flu vaccine. Which statement by the nurse provides additional information to the parent?

7 :
The nurse cares for a school-age client, whose parent states the client has breathing problems. Which assessment findings are consistent with a potential diagnosis of pneumonia? Select all that apply.

9 :
The nurse cares for a school-age male client who experienced an abrupt onset of symptoms and is diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The parents ask the nurse about the client's prognosis. Which is the best response by the nurse?

10 :
The nurse provides discharge education to the parents of a school-age child diagnosed with acute kidney Injury (AKI). Which statement by a parent indicates understanding of the teaching?