Question

A client with osteoporosis reports sudden onset of severe back pain and difficulty sitting upright. Imaging reveals multiple vertebral compression fractures. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Administer prescribed analgesics and collaborate with physical therapy for postural exercises.

Rationale :

🔷 Vertebral compression fractures from osteoporosis can cause sudden severe back pain, height loss, and difficulty sitting or standing upright.

🔷 The priority is to manage pain with prescribed analgesics so the client can breathe, move, and participate safely in care.

🔷 Collaboration with physical therapy helps improve posture, mobility, balance, and safe body mechanics.

🔷 Postural exercises reduce further spinal strain and help prevent worsening deformity such as kyphosis.

🔷 This intervention supports comfort, mobility, and prevention of additional complications.

Encourage bed rest until the fractures heal completely.

🔷Prolonged bed rest increases the risk of muscle weakness, thromboembolism, pneumonia, and further bone loss.

🔷Limited rest may be needed briefly, but early safe mobility is preferred.

Advise the client to avoid excessive food intake to minimize stress on the spine.

🔷This does not address the acute pain or fracture management.

🔷Clients with osteoporosis need adequate calcium, vitamin D, protein, and nutrition to support bone health.

Encourage the client to perform weightlifting exercises to strengthen bones.

🔷Heavy weightlifting during acute compression fractures can worsen pain or injury.

🔷Exercise should be guided by physical therapy and started safely.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Evaluate the client's baseline serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels.

Rationale :

💊 Vancomycin can be nephrotoxic, especially with high doses, prolonged therapy, or kidney impairment.

💊 Baseline serum creatinine and BUN help determine the client’s kidney function before medication administration.

💊 Impaired renal function can cause vancomycin accumulation and increase the risk of toxicity.

💊 Renal monitoring also helps guide dosing and timing of future vancomycin levels.

💊 Because kidney safety is a priority before giving vancomycin, renal laboratory values should be reviewed first.

Monitor for signs of infusion-related reactions such as flushing and rash.

💊This is important during and after administration because vancomycin can cause red man syndrome if infused too rapidly.

💊It is not the best priority assessment before giving the medication.

Assess the client's blood pressure and heart rate.

💊Vital signs are useful for general assessment and infection monitoring.

💊They do not specifically address vancomycin’s major toxicity risk before administration.

Perform a blood glucose level test to rule out hyperglycemia.

💊Vancomycin is not primarily associated with hyperglycemia.

💊Blood glucose testing is not the priority assessment before this medication.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Elevate the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees

Rationale :

🫁 A client with heart failure, respiratory distress, crackles, and oxygen saturation of 89% is showing signs of pulmonary congestion from fluid volume excess.

🫁 Elevating the head of the bed improves lung expansion and decreases the work of breathing.

🫁 Semi-Fowler’s or high-Fowler’s positioning helps reduce venous return and eases pulmonary congestion.

🫁 This is an immediate independent nursing action that can quickly improve oxygenation while further treatment is arranged.

🫁 After positioning, the nurse should continue oxygen support, assessment, and provider-prescribed therapies.

Encourage frequent ambulation.

🫁Ambulation increases oxygen demand and may worsen respiratory distress.

🫁The client needs immediate breathing support and rest.

Initiate suctioning.

🫁Suctioning is used when secretions obstruct the airway.

🫁Crackles from fluid overload are not managed by suctioning.

Administer a diuretic without a prescription.

🫁Diuretics help remove excess fluid, but the nurse cannot administer them without an order.

🫁The immediate safe nursing action is positioning.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Exhibiting regressive behaviors like thumb-sucking

Rationale :

🧸 Hospitalized toddlers commonly show regression because illness, separation, and unfamiliar surroundings create stress.

🧸 Regression means returning to earlier behaviors such as thumb-sucking, clinging, crying, or loss of toilet-training skills.

🧸 Toddlers have limited coping skills and may seek comfort through familiar infant-like behaviors.

🧸 This response is developmentally expected and should be managed with reassurance, routines, and parental involvement.

🧸 Recognizing regression helps the nurse provide supportive care without punishing the child.

Exhibiting enhanced verbal communication

🧸Toddlers often have limited language skills and may communicate distress through crying or behavior.

🧸Hospital stress usually does not improve verbal ability.

Improved self-care abilities

🧸Hospitalization often causes dependence rather than improved independence.

🧸Toddlers may need more assistance with feeding, toileting, and comfort.

Adopting an imaginary friend

🧸Imaginary friends are more common in preschool-aged children.

🧸Toddlers more commonly show separation anxiety and regression.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Serum potassium level

Rationale :

🍌 Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it helps the body retain potassium.

🍌 Muscle weakness and heart palpitations can indicate hyperkalemia.

🍌 High potassium can cause dangerous cardiac rhythm changes and requires prompt recognition.

🍌 The nurse should prioritize reviewing the serum potassium level to assess for this complication.

🍌 Monitoring potassium is especially important when clients take ACE inhibitors, ARBs, potassium supplements, or have kidney impairment.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

🍌BUN helps assess renal function and hydration status.

🍌It does not directly explain palpitations and muscle weakness in a client taking spironolactone.

Serum calcium level

🍌Calcium imbalance can affect muscles and the heart, but spironolactone’s key electrolyte risk is potassium retention.

🍌Potassium is the priority lab.

Serum sodium level

🍌Sodium may be monitored with diuretic therapy, but spironolactone is most associated with hyperkalemia.

🍌The symptoms given point most strongly to potassium abnormality.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Monitor blood glucose levels regularly.

Rationale :

💉 Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid used to reduce airway inflammation during an acute asthma exacerbation.

💉 Corticosteroids can increase blood glucose by promoting gluconeogenesis and reducing insulin sensitivity.

💉 Regular glucose monitoring helps detect steroid-induced hyperglycemia, especially in clients with diabetes or stress illness.

💉 Monitoring also supports early intervention if blood glucose becomes elevated.

💉 This nursing action helps prevent complications while allowing the medication to treat airway inflammation safely.

Discontinue the medication immediately if adverse effects occur.

💉Corticosteroids should not be stopped abruptly without provider direction because withdrawal can occur.

💉The nurse should assess, report significant adverse effects, and follow prescribed guidance.

Increase intake of grapefruit juice during therapy.

💉Grapefruit juice can interact with many medications and is not recommended as a complication-prevention strategy.

💉It does not prevent corticosteroid adverse effects.

Encourage exposure to crowded public areas to reduce isolation.

💉Corticosteroids can suppress immune response and increase infection risk.

💉Crowded areas may increase exposure to respiratory infections.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

28

Rationale :

📌Formula

✍️gtt/min = volume × drop factor ÷ time in minutes.

✍️The ordered volume is 1,000 mL

✍️The tubing drop factor is 10 gtt/mL.

✍️The infusion time is 6 hr, which equals 360 minutes.

✍️1,000 × 10 ÷ 360

📌 27.77 gtt/min.

📌Rounded to the nearest whole number 28 gtt/min.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Infection with H. pylori

Rationale :

🦠 Gnawing abdominal pain relieved by eating is classically associated with a duodenal peptic ulcer pattern.

🦠 H. pylori infection is a major underlying cause of peptic ulcer disease because it damages the protective mucosal barrier.

🦠 When the mucosal lining is weakened, gastric acid irritates the stomach or duodenal tissue and causes burning epigastric pain.

🦠 Nausea and mid-epigastric burning also fit peptic ulcer disease symptoms.

🦠 Because H. pylori is one of the most common causes of this symptom pattern, it is the most likely underlying cause.

Chronic use of NSAIDS

🦠NSAID use can cause peptic ulcers by reducing protective prostaglandins in the gastric lining.

🦠However, the classic pain relieved by eating points more strongly toward a duodenal ulcer pattern commonly linked with H. pylori.

Stress-induced gastritis

🦠Stress gastritis can cause epigastric discomfort and mucosal irritation.

🦠It is usually associated with severe physiologic stress, critical illness, or trauma rather than the classic ulcer pattern described.

Dietary intolerance to spicy foods

🦠Spicy foods may worsen discomfort but are not usually the underlying cause of peptic ulcer disease.

🦠The symptoms suggest mucosal injury related to acid and infection rather than simple food intolerance.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Holding their head up while in a prone position

Rationale :

👶 By about 2 months of age, infants commonly begin lifting or holding their head up briefly when placed prone.

👶 This milestone reflects improving neck and upper body muscle control.

👶 Prone positioning while awake supports motor development and strengthens the muscles needed for later rolling and sitting.

👶 At this age, infants are not expected to sit unsupported or walk while holding furniture.

👶 Holding the head up in prone position is the expected developmental milestone.

Walking while holding onto furniture

👶This is a later gross motor milestone, usually seen closer to late infancy.

👶It is not expected at 2 months.

Sitting unsupported

👶Sitting without support usually develops several months later.

👶A 2-month-old still needs head and trunk support.

Rolling from front to back

👶Rolling typically develops later than 2 months.

👶A 2-month-old may lift the head but usually does not consistently roll over.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Increased redness and warmth around the affected site.

Rationale :

🔥 Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that can worsen if inflammation and bacterial activity increase.

🔥 Increased redness and warmth around the affected site indicate active inflammation and possible progression of infection.

🔥 These findings may occur with swelling, pain, fever, drainage, and elevated inflammatory markers.

🔥 Worsening local signs require prompt reporting and further evaluation because bone infections can spread or become chronic.

🔥 The nurse should recognize increased redness and warmth as concerning clinical data.

A decrease in C-reactive protein levels.

🔥A decreasing CRP usually indicates reduced inflammation and improving infection.

🔥It does not suggest worsening osteomyelitis.

Decreased white blood cell count.

🔥A falling white blood cell count may indicate improvement if it is returning to normal.

🔥Worsening infection is more often associated with elevated WBC or systemic deterioration.

Improved appetite and reduced fatigue.

🔥Improved appetite and less fatigue suggest recovery and better overall condition.

🔥These findings do not indicate worsening infection.

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Custom NUR 113 Final Exam SPR 2026

No.

1 :
A client with osteoporosis reports sudden onset of severe back pain and difficulty sitting upright. Imaging reveals multiple vertebral compression fractures. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

2 :
A client is prescribed vancomycin for a bloodstream infection. What is the priority assessment the nurse should perform before administering the medication?

3 :
A client with heart failure is exhibiting respiratory distress, bilateral crackles, and oxygen saturation of 89%. Which action should the nurse prioritize in managing fluid volume excess?

4 :
Which of the following should the nurse recognize as common behavior in a hospitalized toddler?

5 :
A client receiving spironolactone reports muscle weakness and heart palpitations. Which laboratory value should the nurse prioritize reviewing?

6 :
A client is receiving methylprednisolone therapy for acute asthma exacerbation. Which nursing intervention is a priority to prevent complications associated with this medication?

8 :
A client presents with gnawing abdominal pain relieved by eating, along with symptoms of nausea and burning sensation in the mid-epigastric area. What is the most likely underlying cause of these symptoms?

9 :
Which infant milestone is typically expected to be achieved by 2 months of age

10 :
A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with osteomyelitis. Which clinical data should prompt the nurse to suspect worsening infection?

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Custom NUR 113 Final Exam SPR 2026

No.

1 : A client with osteoporosis reports sudden onset of severe back pain and difficulty sitting upright. Imaging reveals multiple vertebral compression fractures. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

2 : A client is prescribed vancomycin for a bloodstream infection. What is the priority assessment the nurse should perform before administering the medication?

3 : A client with heart failure is exhibiting respiratory distress, bilateral crackles, and oxygen saturation of 89%. Which action should the nurse prioritize in managing fluid volume excess?

4 : Which of the following should the nurse recognize as common behavior in a hospitalized toddler?

5 : A client receiving spironolactone reports muscle weakness and heart palpitations. Which laboratory value should the nurse prioritize reviewing?

6 : A client is receiving methylprednisolone therapy for acute asthma exacerbation. Which nursing intervention is a priority to prevent complications associated with this medication?

8 : A client presents with gnawing abdominal pain relieved by eating, along with symptoms of nausea and burning sensation in the mid-epigastric area. What is the most likely underlying cause of these symptoms?

9 : Which infant milestone is typically expected to be achieved by 2 months of age

10 : A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with osteomyelitis. Which clinical data should prompt the nurse to suspect worsening infection?

1 :
A client with osteoporosis reports sudden onset of severe back pain and difficulty sitting upright. Imaging reveals multiple vertebral compression fractures. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

2 :
A client is prescribed vancomycin for a bloodstream infection. What is the priority assessment the nurse should perform before administering the medication?

3 :
A client with heart failure is exhibiting respiratory distress, bilateral crackles, and oxygen saturation of 89%. Which action should the nurse prioritize in managing fluid volume excess?

4 :
Which of the following should the nurse recognize as common behavior in a hospitalized toddler?

5 :
A client receiving spironolactone reports muscle weakness and heart palpitations. Which laboratory value should the nurse prioritize reviewing?

6 :
A client is receiving methylprednisolone therapy for acute asthma exacerbation. Which nursing intervention is a priority to prevent complications associated with this medication?

8 :
A client presents with gnawing abdominal pain relieved by eating, along with symptoms of nausea and burning sensation in the mid-epigastric area. What is the most likely underlying cause of these symptoms?

9 :
Which infant milestone is typically expected to be achieved by 2 months of age

10 :
A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with osteomyelitis. Which clinical data should prompt the nurse to suspect worsening infection?