Question

Which of the following statements are true regarding X-Iinked conditions?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Females can be carriers of X-Iinked disorders

Rationale :

🔷 Females have two X chromosomes, so they can carry one affected gene on one X chromosome and one normal gene on the other.

🔷 In many X-linked recessive disorders, this allows the female to be a carrier without showing the full disease.

🔷 The normal X chromosome often compensates for the altered gene on the other X chromosome.

🔷 This is why females commonly pass the condition to offspring even if they do not appear affected.

🔷 For this reason, the true statement is that females can be carriers of X-linked disorders.

Males can be carriers of X-linked disorders

🔷 Males have only one X chromosome, so if they inherit the altered gene, they are usually affected, not just carriers.

🔷 This statement is generally incorrect for classic X-linked recessive inheritance.

Do not result in a genetically inherited condition

🔷 X-linked disorders are genetically inherited conditions.

🔷 This statement is false because inheritance through the X chromosome is a genetic mechanism.

More commonly seen in female clients

🔷 X-linked recessive disorders are usually seen more often in males, because males have only one X chromosome.

🔷 Females are more often carriers than affected.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Red-green color blindness and hemophilia

Rationale :

💠 Red-green color blindness and hemophilia are classic examples of X-linked recessive disorders.

💠 These conditions are more often expressed in males because males inherit only one X chromosome.

💠 Females can carry the altered gene and pass it to their children without being fully affected.

💠 These disorders are commonly taught as standard examples of X-linked recessive inheritance.

💠 For this reason, red-green color blindness and hemophilia is the correct answer.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) and Cystic fibrosis

💠 PKU and cystic fibrosis are typically autosomal recessive, not X-linked recessive.

💠 They affect males and females equally.

Diabetes mellitus and cleft foot

💠 These conditions are not standard examples of X-linked recessive inheritance.

💠 They do not fit the classic inheritance pattern described in the question.

Sickle cell and Tay Sachs

💠 Sickle cell disease and Tay-Sachs disease are autosomal recessive disorders.

💠 They are not X-linked recessive conditions.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Positive feedback loop

Rationale :

🟢 A positive feedback loop occurs when the body amplifies a stimulus until a specific event is completed.

🟢 Labor is a classic example because uterine contractions stimulate more oxytocin release, which then causes even stronger contractions.

🟢 This process continues until the baby is delivered and the stimulus ends.

🟢 Positive feedback is different from homeostatic balance because it pushes the body further in the same direction until resolution occurs.

🟢 For this reason, the correct term is positive feedback loop.

Nondisjunction error

🟢 Nondisjunction refers to abnormal chromosome separation during cell division.

🟢 It is unrelated to endocrine stimulus amplification in labor.

Negative feedback loop

🟢 A negative feedback loop works to reverse a change and maintain homeostasis.

🟢 It does not continue a stimulus until an event is completed.

Secondary endocrine disorder

🟢 A secondary endocrine disorder refers to a hormonal problem caused by dysfunction in a controlling gland, such as the pituitary.

🟢 It is not the process described in the question.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Cystic fibrosis can have carriers and needs two mutated alleles to inherit

Rationale :

🟣 Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder, which means a person must inherit two mutated alleles to have the disease.

🟣 A person with only one mutated allele is a carrier and usually does not show the condition.

🟣 This is why two carrier parents can have a child with cystic fibrosis even if neither parent is affected.

🟣 Autosomal recessive inheritance affects males and females equally because the gene is not on a sex chromosome.

🟣 For this reason, the best response is that cystic fibrosis can have carriers and needs two mutated alleles to inherit.

Cystic fibrosis cannot have carriers and needs two mutated alleles to inherit

🟣 This statement is incorrect because autosomal recessive disorders do have carriers.

🟣 Carriers have one normal allele and one mutated allele.

Cystic fibrosis cannot have carrier and needs one defective allele to inherit

🟣 This is incorrect because cystic fibrosis both has carriers and requires two mutated alleles for expression.

🟣 One defective allele alone does not cause the disease.

Cystic fibrosis can have carriers and only needs one defective allele to inherit

🟣 This describes an autosomal dominant pattern, not an autosomal recessive one.

🟣 Cystic fibrosis requires two mutated alleles, not one.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

TSH levels would be high

Rationale :

🌸 In hypothyroidism, the thyroid produces low levels of T3 and T4, so the pituitary responds by releasing more thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

🌸 This happens through a negative feedback mechanism in an attempt to stimulate the thyroid gland to make more hormone.

🌸 When thyroid hormone is low, the body tries to compensate by increasing TSH.

🌸 High TSH with low T3 and T4 is a common pattern in primary hypothyroidism.

🌸 For this reason, the expected TSH level would be high.

TSH levels would be within normal range

🌸 In primary hypothyroidism, TSH usually rises above normal because the pituitary is trying to stimulate the thyroid.

🌸 A normal TSH would not be the expected compensatory response.

TSH levels would be low

🌸 A low TSH would be more consistent with hyperthyroidism or some forms of pituitary dysfunction.

🌸 It is not the expected pattern in primary hypothyroidism.

TSH levels would not be affected

🌸 TSH is directly involved in regulating thyroid hormone production.

🌸 It is definitely affected when T3 and T4 are low.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Allele

Rationale :

⭐ An allele is a specific version of a gene that influences how a trait is expressed.

⭐ For example, a gene for eye color can have different alleles that contribute to different eye colors.

⭐ Alleles are inherited from parents and combine to determine genetic traits.

⭐ A person typically receives one allele from each parent for a given gene.

⭐ For this reason, the correct answer is allele.

Chromosome

⭐ A chromosome is a larger structure that contains many genes.

⭐ It is not a specific version of one gene.

Genome

⭐ The genome refers to the complete set of genetic material in an organism.

⭐ It is much broader than a single gene version.

Chromatin

⭐ Chromatin is the material made of DNA and proteins that makes up chromosomes.

⭐ It is not the term for a specific gene version.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Calcium

Rationale :

💎 The parathyroid glands regulate calcium balance in the body through parathyroid hormone (PTH).

💎 If the parathyroid glands are damaged during a thyroidectomy, the client can develop hypoparathyroidism, which leads to low calcium levels.

💎 Hypocalcemia can cause tetany, tingling, muscle spasms, laryngospasm, and seizures.

💎 This makes calcium the most urgent electrolyte concern after thyroid surgery with parathyroid damage.

💎 For this reason, the nurse is most concerned about calcium.

Potassium

💎 Potassium is not the primary electrolyte controlled by the parathyroid glands.

💎 It is not the main concern in hypoparathyroidism.

Sodium

💎 Sodium balance is regulated mainly by fluid status and hormones such as aldosterone and ADH.

💎 It is not the main electrolyte affected by parathyroid damage.

Magnesium

💎 Magnesium is important in many body processes, but it is not the primary electrolyte concern after parathyroid injury.

💎 Calcium is the major focus.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Polygenic gene traits

Rationale :

🔶 Polygenic traits are characteristics that are influenced by many genes, rather than a single gene.

🔶 Examples include height, skin color, intelligence risk patterns, and some mental health conditions.

🔶 Because many genes contribute, these traits often show a wide range of variation.

🔶 Environmental factors can also influence how polygenic traits are expressed.

🔶 For this reason, the correct answer is polygenic gene traits.

Genetic Mutations

🔶 Genetic mutations are changes in DNA sequence, not the name for traits influenced by many genes.

🔶 A mutation may affect one gene or more, but it is not the trait category described here.

Non-disjunction errors

🔶 Nondisjunction refers to abnormal separation of chromosomes during cell division.

🔶 It is not the term for traits controlled by many genes.

Single gene traits

🔶 Single gene traits are determined mainly by one gene, not many genes.

🔶 The question specifically describes a many-gene pattern.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Diabetes Mellitus

Rationale :

✅ Diabetes mellitus causes long-term damage to blood vessels, which increases the risk of stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and kidney damage.

✅ Chronic hyperglycemia injures both large and small blood vessels, leading to macrovascular and microvascular complications.

✅ The kidneys are especially vulnerable, which is why diabetes is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease.

✅ Poor glucose control also increases the risk of vascular complications throughout the body.

✅ For this reason, the correct answer is diabetes mellitus.

Hypothyroidism

✅ Hypothyroidism affects metabolism and energy use, but it is not the disorder most strongly associated with the triad listed in the question.

✅ Diabetes mellitus is the clearer answer for vascular and kidney complications.

Acromegaly

✅ Acromegaly causes excess growth hormone effects, but it is not the best answer for the specific risks of stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and kidney damage.

✅ Diabetes mellitus more directly matches this complication pattern.

Cushing’s syndrome

✅ Cushing’s syndrome can affect blood pressure and metabolism, but it is not the classic disease most associated with the listed vascular and renal complications.

✅ Diabetes mellitus is the strongest answer.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

25%

Rationale :

🔴 If both parents are heterozygous for an autosomal recessive disorder, each parent has one normal allele and one mutated allele.

🔴 The possible combinations for the child are: 25% unaffected, 50% carrier, and 25% affected.

🔴 This comes from the classic Punnett square pattern of Aa × Aa.

🔴 Only the child who inherits two recessive alleles will have the condition.

🔴 For this reason, the likelihood that the offspring will have the condition is 25%.

50%

🔴 50% is the chance that the child will be a carrier, not affected.

🔴 It is not the correct probability for having the disorder.

75%

🔴 75% represents the total chance of being either carrier or affected, not the chance of having the actual disorder.

🔴 The affected proportion alone is lower.

0%

🔴 There is definitely a risk of having the disorder when both parents are heterozygous carriers.

🔴 Therefore, 0% is incorrect.

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B10280 Exam 4

No.

1 :
Which of the following statements are true regarding X-Iinked conditions?

2 :
Which of the following are considered X-Iinked recessive conditions?

3 :
Which of the following terms describes the process in which the endocrine system keeps a stimulus going until there is a resolution. such as labor and child birth?

4 :
A client has been recently diagnosed with Cystic fibrosis (an autosomal recessive condition) and asks what autosomal recessive means. What is the best response by the nurse?

5 :
A client has hypothyroidism causin8 low levels of T3 and TO. What would be the expected levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood?

6 :
What is a specific version of a gene that determines how it will be expressed?

7 :
A client has a thyroidectomy that results in damage to the parathyroid glands leading to hypoparathyroidism. What electrolyte is the nurse most concerned about?

8 :
Often many genes regulate inheritance of traits such as height or mental health. What are these traits called?

9 :
What disease will result in an increased risk of strokes. peripheral vascular disease and damage to the kidney?

10 :
A sperm donor and an egg donor are both heterozy80us for an autosomal recessive disorder. What is the likelihood of their offspring will have the condition?

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B10280 Exam 4

No.

1 : Which of the following statements are true regarding X-Iinked conditions?

2 : Which of the following are considered X-Iinked recessive conditions?

3 : Which of the following terms describes the process in which the endocrine system keeps a stimulus going until there is a resolution. such as labor and child birth?

4 : A client has been recently diagnosed with Cystic fibrosis (an autosomal recessive condition) and asks what autosomal recessive means. What is the best response by the nurse?

5 : A client has hypothyroidism causin8 low levels of T3 and TO. What would be the expected levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood?

6 : What is a specific version of a gene that determines how it will be expressed?

7 : A client has a thyroidectomy that results in damage to the parathyroid glands leading to hypoparathyroidism. What electrolyte is the nurse most concerned about?

8 : Often many genes regulate inheritance of traits such as height or mental health. What are these traits called?

9 : What disease will result in an increased risk of strokes. peripheral vascular disease and damage to the kidney?

10 : A sperm donor and an egg donor are both heterozy80us for an autosomal recessive disorder. What is the likelihood of their offspring will have the condition?

1 :
Which of the following statements are true regarding X-Iinked conditions?

2 :
Which of the following are considered X-Iinked recessive conditions?

3 :
Which of the following terms describes the process in which the endocrine system keeps a stimulus going until there is a resolution. such as labor and child birth?

4 :
A client has been recently diagnosed with Cystic fibrosis (an autosomal recessive condition) and asks what autosomal recessive means. What is the best response by the nurse?

5 :
A client has hypothyroidism causin8 low levels of T3 and TO. What would be the expected levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood?

6 :
What is a specific version of a gene that determines how it will be expressed?

7 :
A client has a thyroidectomy that results in damage to the parathyroid glands leading to hypoparathyroidism. What electrolyte is the nurse most concerned about?

8 :
Often many genes regulate inheritance of traits such as height or mental health. What are these traits called?

9 :
What disease will result in an increased risk of strokes. peripheral vascular disease and damage to the kidney?

10 :
A sperm donor and an egg donor are both heterozy80us for an autosomal recessive disorder. What is the likelihood of their offspring will have the condition?