🔶 Painless bright red vaginal bleeding in the third trimester is the classic presentation of placenta previa.
🔶 The abdomen is soft and nontender, which helps differentiate it from placental abruption (which causes pain and rigidity).
🔶 The client is 28 weeks gestation, which is within the timeframe placenta previa commonly presents.
🔶 Hypotension (86/48 mm Hg) and tachycardia (120/min) indicate possible hypovolemia from blood loss.
🔶 Fetal tachycardia (170/min) with minimal variability suggests fetal stress secondary to maternal bleeding.
Insert a large-bore peripheral IV catheter
🔶 Significant bleeding requires rapid access for fluid resuscitation and possible blood transfusion.
🔶 The client shows signs of hemodynamic instability, requiring immediate stabilization.
🔶 Large-bore IV access allows for rapid administration of crystalloids or blood products.
🔶 Type and crossmatch has already been ordered, supporting need for potential transfusion.
🔶 Stabilizing maternal circulation improves placental perfusion and fetal oxygenation.
Instruct the client to maintain bed rest
🔶 Bed rest reduces further placental separation and bleeding risk.
🔶 Activity may worsen hemorrhage in placenta previa.
🔶 Pelvic rest is indicated to prevent trauma to the placenta.
🔶 Vaginal exams are contraindicated because they can trigge massive hemorrhage.
🔶 Conservative management is often used if gestation is pretrm and bleeding stabilizes.
Fetal well-being
🔶 Ongoing monitoring of fetal heart rate patterns is essential.
🔶 Fetal tachycardia and minimal variability suggest possible compromise.
🔶 Continuous EFM helps assess oxygenation and uteroplacental perfusion.
🔶 Changes may indicate worsening maternal hypovolemia.
🔶 Protecting fetal status is a primary goal of management.
Vaginal bleeding
🔶 Quantifying blood loss helps evaluate severity of hemorrhage.
🔶 Ongoing bleeding may require emergency cesarean delivery.
🔶 Pad counts and saturation level guide intervention decisions.
🔶 Monitoring helps assess effectiveness of bed rest and stabilization.
🔶 Persistent bleeding increases risk of maternal shock.