Question

A nurse is performing a comprehensive health assessment on an older adult female client. The client reports "urine leaking" when sneezing or laughing. Which action should the nurse take?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Ask the client about the frequency and severity.

Rationale :

🟦 Urine leakage with sneezing or laughing suggests stress urinary incontinence, which requires further assessment before intervention.

🟦 Asking about frequency, severity, triggers, and impact on daily life helps determine the type and extent of incontinence.

🟦 A comprehensive assessment guides appropriate nonpharmacologic or specialist referrals, such as pelvic floor therapy or bladder training.

🟦 Incontinence is not a normal part of aging and should never be dismissed without evaluation.

🟦 Thorough data collection is the nurse’s priority before implementing or recommending treatment.

Encourage the client to reduce their fluid intake.

🟦 Fluid restriction can lead to dehydration and concentrated urine, worsening bladder irritation.

🟦 It should not be advised without proper assessment.

Document the finding as a normal variation due to age.

🟦 Urinary incontinence is common but not normal with aging.

🟦 Labeling it as normal delays diagnosis and treatment.

Refer the client to a urologist for bladder training.

🟦 Referral decisions should follow a complete nursing assessment.

🟦 The nurse must first gather sufficient data to support next steps.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

A single parent who has a low income and is living with their parents.

Rationale :

🟦 The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is designed to support individuals and families with low income who are at risk for food insecurity.

🟦 A single parent often has increased financial demands related to childcare, housing, and food costs.

🟦 Living with parents does not disqualify eligibility; SNAP eligibility is based on household income and need, not housing arrangement alone.

🟦 Providing education about SNAP promotes access to nutritious food, which supports overall health and well-being.

🟦 Nurses play a key role in connecting clients to community resources that address social determinants of health.

An older adult who lives alone and enjoys grocery shopping and cooking.

🟦 This client does not demonstrate financial hardship or food insecurity.

🟦 Enjoyment of shopping and cooking suggests adequate access to food.

A single caregiver with an adequate income who lives far from the store.

🟦 Distance from a store reflects a transportation barrier, not financial need.

🟦 SNAP is income-based and not intended to address geographic access alone.

A middle-aged adult who pays for private health insurance.

🟦 Having private insurance suggests financial stability.

🟦 This client is less likely to meet SNAP eligibility criteria.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Sit quietly with the client and allow time for them to speak.
Ask, “Would you prefer to talk later or have someone else present?”

Rationale :

🟦 Sitting quietly demonstrates presence, patience, and acceptance, which helps build trust and safety in a therapeutic relationship.

🟦 Allowing silence gives the client control over the pace of communication, which is especially important when a client feels withdrawn or anxious.

🟦 Asking about the client’s preference for timing or support respects autonomy and emotional readiness.

🟦 Offering options empowers the client and reduces feelings of pressure or vulnerability.

🟦 These approaches create a non-threatening, supportive environment that encourages eventual communication.

Begin discussing the client’s medical history to fill the silence.

🟦 Filling silence can feel overwhelming or dismissive to a withdrawn client.

🟦 It prioritizes task completion over emotional connection.

Tell the client, “I’ll come back when you’re ready to talk.”

🟦 This may be perceived as abandonment or rejection.

🟦 It removes the nurse’s therapeutic presence, which is essential early on.

Encourage the client to talk by asking multiple questions quickly.

🟦 Rapid questioning can increase anxiety and withdrawal.

🟦 It limits the client’s ability to process and respond thoughtfully.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers

I should perform routine perineal hygiene daily and after soiling.' [ Effective Learning ]
I should use a separate measuring receptacle for each client.' [ Effective Learning ]
I should empty the bag once it becomes full.' [ Requires Further Education ]
I should place the drainage bag on the bed during transport.' [ Requires Further Education ]
I should secure the catheter to the client's thigh.' [ Effective Learning ]

Rationale :

🟦 Routine perineal hygiene reduces bacterial colonization around the urethral meatus and is a core CAUTI-prevention measure.

🟦 Using a dedicated measuring receptacle prevents cross-contamination between clients.

🟦 Drainage bags should be emptied when two-thirds full, not completely full, to prevent backflow and bladder reflux.

🟦 The drainage bag must always remain below bladder level—placing it on the bed increases infection risk.

🟦 Securing the catheter minimizes traction and urethral trauma, reducing entry points for pathogens.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

The client is unable to empty the bladder effectively.

Rationale :

🟦 The client voided only 60 mL in 4 hours, which is inadequate for effective bladder emptying.

🟦 A bladder scan showing 400 mL of retained urine indicates significant urinary retention.

🟦 Clients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are at high risk for post-catheter urinary retention due to urethral obstruction.

🟦 Suprapubic discomfort is a classic symptom of bladder distention.

🟦 These findings together confirm the bladder is not emptying effectively and require prompt intervention. The client’s urinary output is adequate for this period.

🟦 Normal urine output is approximately 0.5–1 mL/kg/hr, which this client has not met.

🟦 The large residual volume contradicts adequate output.

The client’s post-catheter urinary retention is normal.

🟦 Mild retention can occur briefly, but 400 mL is excessive.

🟦 This level of retention is abnormal and clinically significant.

The client’s discomfort is unrelated to bladder function.

🟦 Suprapubic pain is directly associated with bladder overdistention.

🟦 The scan confirms the discomfort is bladder-related.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Apply compression stockings to the lower extremities.
Encourage early ambulation once it is ordered for the client.
Instruct the client to perform leg exercises regularly while in bed.

Rationale :

🟦 Compression stockings promote venous return by applying graduated pressure to the lower extremities, reducing venous stasis.

🟦 Early ambulation activates the calf muscle pump, one of the most effective mechanisms for preventing blood pooling after surgery.

🟦 Leg exercises such as ankle pumps and flexion-extension improve circulation and venous flow when the client is immobile.

🟦 These interventions directly address Virchow’s triad by reducing venous stasis.

🟦 Consistent use significantly lowers the risk of postoperative deep vein thrombosis.

Massage the client's calves vigorously to stimulate blood flow.

🟦 Vigorous calf massage can dislodge an undetected clot.

🟦 This action increases the risk of pulmonary embolism.

Elevate the client's legs above heart level for extended periods.

🟦 Prolonged elevation can reduce arterial perfusion.

🟦 Elevation alone does not adequately prevent venous stasis.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Adjust the room temperature to a comfortable level.

Rationale :

🟦 A comfortable environment is essential for promoting rest and sleep, especially in hospitalized clients.

🟦 Temperature extremes can interfere with the body’s ability to relax and initiate sleep.

🟦 Adjusting room temperature is a noninvasive, patient-centered intervention that supports sleep hygiene.

🟦 This action minimizes environmental discomfort without adding stimulation or interruptions.

🟦 Nurses should prioritize simple environmental modifications before pharmacologic or disruptive measures.

Offer hot chocolate beverage during evening rounds.

🟦 Hot chocolate contains caffeine, which can worsen sleep difficulty.

🟦 Stimulating beverages are not recommended before bedtime.

Provide a large meal right before bedtime.

🟦 Large meals may cause indigestion or reflux, disrupting sleep.

🟦 Light snacks—not heavy meals—are more appropriate in the evening.

Perform hourly vital signs throughout the night.

🟦 Frequent vital sign checks interrupt sleep cycles.

🟦 This should be avoided unless clinically indicated.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Glass-top coffee table

Rationale :

🟦 A glass-top coffee table poses a significant injury risk during a seizure due to its hard, sharp, and breakable surface.

🟦 If a seizure occurs, involuntary movements can cause the client to strike or fall against the glass, leading to lacerations or severe trauma.

🟦 Broken glass increases the risk of deep cuts and bleeding, which can be life-threatening.

🟦 Home safety for clients with seizure disorders focuses on eliminating sharp edges and breakable objects.

🟦 Identifying and removing this hazard helps reduce preventable injury during seizures.

Soft-edged furniture

🟦 Soft edges reduce the risk of impact-related injuries.

🟦 This is a protective environmental feature.

Low platform bed

🟦 A low bed reduces the risk of serious injury from falls.

🟦 It supports safe positioning during nocturnal seizures.

Padded carpeting

🟦 Padded carpeting helps absorb impact during a fall.

🟦 It is considered a safety-enhancing modification.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Encourage the client to eat meals with friends.

Rationale :

🟦 Older adults who live alone after the loss of a spouse are at increased risk for poor appetite and inadequate nutrition due to loneliness and grief.

🟦 Social eating has been shown to improve meal frequency, portion intake, and overall nutritional status.

🟦 Sharing meals provides emotional support, which can positively influence motivation to eat and meal enjoyment.

🟦 Eating with others helps establish routine and structure, both of which support consistent nutrition.

🟦 This intervention addresses both psychosocial and nutritional needs, making it the most effective option.

Tell the client to eat whenever they feel hungry.

🟦 Hunger cues may be blunted in older adults, especially during grief.

🟦 This advice lacks structure and support.

Recommend the client keep a food diary.

🟦 Food diaries help with monitoring but do not directly improve intake.

🟦 They may feel burdensome during a period of emotional adjustment.

Suggest the client watch cooking shows.

🟦 Watching cooking shows does not ensure food preparation or consumption.

🟦 It does not address social isolation, a key risk factor.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Urine output of 55 mL/hour

Rationale :

🟦 Adequate urine output is one of the best indicators of effective fluid resuscitation in a client with diarrhea.

🟦 An output of ≥ 30 mL/hour in adults reflects improving intravascular volume and renal perfusion.

🟦 Diarrhea causes significant fluid losses, and IV fluids aim to restore circulatory stability.

🟦 Improving urine output demonstrates that the kidneys are receiving sufficient blood flow.

🟦 This finding indicates the client is responding positively to IV fluid therapy.

Blood pressure of 86/50

🟦 This blood pressure indicates hypotension, suggesting ongoing volume depletion.

🟦 It reflects worsening, not improvement.

Low potassium level

🟦 Hypokalemia commonly occurs with diarrhea due to electrolyte loss.

🟦 Low potassium suggests the client still requires electrolyte correction.

Dry mucous membranes

🟦 Dry mucous membranes indicate continued dehydration.

🟦 This finding shows fluids have not yet fully corrected fluid deficit.

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staff Statement	Effective Learning	Requires Further Education
I should perform routine perineal hygiene daily and after soiling.'
I should use a separate measuring receptacle for each client.'
I should empty the bag once it becomes full.'
I should place the drainage bag on the bed during transport.'
I should secure the catheter to the client's thigh.'

Chamberlain mastery fundamentals exam

No.

1 :
A nurse is performing a comprehensive health assessment on an older adult female client. The client reports "urine leaking" when sneezing or laughing. Which action should the nurse take?

2 :
A nurse is caring for a group of clients. For which client should the nurse provide education about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?

3 :
The nurse notices that a client is withdrawn and reluctant to speak during their initial assessment. What action(s) should the nurse take to promote a therapeutic environment? Select all that apply.

4 :
The infection prevention nurse provides a staff in-service on the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI).

Correct Answers

5 :
A nurse evaluates a client with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who voided 60 mL four hours after removal of an indwelling catheter. The client reports suprapubic discomfort. A bladder scan reveals 400 mL of retained urine. Which conclusion should the nurse make from this finding?

6 :
A nurse is implementing a plan of care for a postoperative client to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which intervention(s) should be included to promote circulation? Select all that apply.

7 :
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who reports difficulty sleeping. What action should the nurse take?

8 :
A nurse is assessing the home environment of a client with a seizure disorder. Which finding requires further evaluation to reduce the risk of injury during a seizure?

9 :
The nurse is conducting a home visit for an older adult client who lives alone, whose spouse recently died. Which nursing action best promotes nutritional health?

10 :
The nurse is caring for a client with diarrhea who is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids. Which finding indicates the client’s improving?

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Chamberlain mastery fundamentals exam

No.

1 : A nurse is performing a comprehensive health assessment on an older adult female client. The client reports "urine leaking" when sneezing or laughing. Which action should the nurse take?

2 : A nurse is caring for a group of clients. For which client should the nurse provide education about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?

3 : The nurse notices that a client is withdrawn and reluctant to speak during their initial assessment. What action(s) should the nurse take to promote a therapeutic environment? Select all that apply.

4 : The infection prevention nurse provides a staff in-service on the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI).

Correct Answers

5 : A nurse evaluates a client with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who voided 60 mL four hours after removal of an indwelling catheter. The client reports suprapubic discomfort. A bladder scan reveals 400 mL of retained urine. Which conclusion should the nurse make from this finding?

6 : A nurse is implementing a plan of care for a postoperative client to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which intervention(s) should be included to promote circulation? Select all that apply.

7 : A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who reports difficulty sleeping. What action should the nurse take?

8 : A nurse is assessing the home environment of a client with a seizure disorder. Which finding requires further evaluation to reduce the risk of injury during a seizure?

9 : The nurse is conducting a home visit for an older adult client who lives alone, whose spouse recently died. Which nursing action best promotes nutritional health?

10 : The nurse is caring for a client with diarrhea who is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids. Which finding indicates the client’s improving?

1 :
A nurse is performing a comprehensive health assessment on an older adult female client. The client reports "urine leaking" when sneezing or laughing. Which action should the nurse take?

2 :
A nurse is caring for a group of clients. For which client should the nurse provide education about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?

3 :
The nurse notices that a client is withdrawn and reluctant to speak during their initial assessment. What action(s) should the nurse take to promote a therapeutic environment? Select all that apply.

4 :
The infection prevention nurse provides a staff in-service on the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI).

5 :
A nurse evaluates a client with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who voided 60 mL four hours after removal of an indwelling catheter. The client reports suprapubic discomfort. A bladder scan reveals 400 mL of retained urine. Which conclusion should the nurse make from this finding?

6 :
A nurse is implementing a plan of care for a postoperative client to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which intervention(s) should be included to promote circulation? Select all that apply.

7 :
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who reports difficulty sleeping. What action should the nurse take?

8 :
A nurse is assessing the home environment of a client with a seizure disorder. Which finding requires further evaluation to reduce the risk of injury during a seizure?

9 :
The nurse is conducting a home visit for an older adult client who lives alone, whose spouse recently died. Which nursing action best promotes nutritional health?

10 :
The nurse is caring for a client with diarrhea who is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids. Which finding indicates the client’s improving?