Question

A nurse is reviewing data for four children. Which of the following children should the nurse assess first?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

A 10-year-old child who has sickle cell anemia who reports severe chest pain

Rationale :

🔷Severe chest pain in a child with sickle cell anemia is a high-priority finding, as it may indicate acute chest syndrome, which is a life-threatening complication.

🔷 This condition can cause hypoxia and requires immediate intervention, such as oxygen therapy and possibly blood transfusions.

🔷Chest pain should be taken very seriously in children with sickle cell disease, as it could also be related to pulmonary embolism or infection, which are emergencies requiring fast action.

🔷Given that the client has sickle cell anemia, which predisposes them to vascular occlusion and other complications, addressing respiratory issues and pain management should take precedence.

🔷 The nurse should assess the child for signs of respiratory distress, oxygen saturation, and other indicators of cardiovascular instability.

A 1-year-old toddler who has roseola and a temperature of 39°C (102.2°F)

🔷 A high fever is a common symptom in roseola, and although it may cause discomfort, it is typically self-limiting and resolves in a few days.

🔷 While the fever should be monitored, it does not suggest an immediate threat to the child’s well-being, making it less urgent than the sickle cell-related chest pain.

A 4-year-old child who has asthma and a PCO2 of 37 mm Hg

🔷 The PCO2 of 37 mm Hg is within the normal range (35–45 mm Hg), and there are no immediate signs of respiratory distress from the asthma.

🔷 While asthma needs to be managed and monitored, this client’s current PCO2 level does not indicate an acute crisis, so they can be assessed after more urgent concerns.

A 7-year-old child who has diabetes insipidus and a urine specific gravity of 1.016

🔷 A urine specific gravity of 1.016 is within the normal range and does not indicate any acute issues with hydration or diabetes insipidus.

🔷 This finding suggests that the client’s condition is stable and requires ongoing monitoring, but it does not necessitate immediate intervention over more urgent symptoms.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Urine specific gravity 1.015

Rationale :

🟡 Urine specific gravity of 1.015 indicates normal hydration status, showing that the child is effectively absorbing fluids from oral rehydration therapy.

🟡 The urine specific gravity measures how concentrated the urine is, and this value is within the normal range (1.005–1.030), suggesting improvement in hydration and fluid balance.

🟡 As the child becomes rehydrated, the kidneys will start to concentrate the urine, reflecting effective fluid therapy.

🟡 Oral rehydration therapy works by replenishing lost fluids and electrolytes, and a normal urine specific gravity shows that the therapy has been successful in restoring fluid balance.

🟡 This is the most immediate indicator of successful rehydration compared to other parameters.

Heart rate 130/min

🟡 Heart rate of 130/min is still elevated. Tachycardia can occur with dehydration, and while it may start to improve with rehydration, it is not the best indicator of fluid balance.

🟡 A decrease in heart rate would be expected over time as dehydration is corrected, but it does not reflect immediate rehydration status.

Capillary refill greater than 3 seconds

🟡 Capillary refill greater than 3 seconds is a sign of poor perfusion and dehydration, indicating that the child is still not fully rehydrated.

🟡 A capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds would indicate adequate hydration, so a longer refill time is not an indicator of improvement.

Respiratory rate 24/min

🟡 A respiratory rate of 24/min is within the normal range for a 3-year-old child, but it does not directly indicate the effectiveness of oral rehydration therapy.

🟡 Although breathing rates can be influenced by hydration, the urine specific gravity provides a more accurate reflection of rehydration status.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Foster self-care activities.

Rationale :

🔹 Fostering self-care activities helps the child become more independent, which improves functionality and quality of life.

🔹 It encourages active participation in daily activities like dressing and feeding, promoting autonomy.

🔹 Empowering the child to care for themselves builds confidence and reduces dependency on caregivers.

🔹 Self-care is the foundation for greater independence and better emotional health.

🔹 This goal supports family-centered care, focusing on what the child can do and building on their strengths.

Modify the environment

🔹 Environmental changes are supportive, but the primary focus should be on the child’s ability to perform tasks independently.

Provide respite services for the parents

🔹 While respite care is important, the first priority should be the child’s self-sufficiency.

Improve the client’s communication skills

🔹 Communication skills are vital but are secondary to fostering self-care and independence in daily tasks.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Position the child laterally.

Rationale :

🔹 Positioning the child laterally is the most important action to ensure airway patency and to allow any fluids, such as saliva or vomit, to drain from the mouth, reducing the risk of aspiration during the seizure.

🔹 The lateral position helps prevent the child from suffocating or choking on secretions, which can be life-threatening if not managed properly.

🔹 This action also promotes the safest airway during the seizure, as the child may be at risk for tongue obstruction or blocked airways.

🔹 Keeping the child in a lateral position also prevents the possibility of injury that could occur from the violent movements during the seizure.

🔹 After ensuring safety with proper positioning, the nurse can then proceed with additional supportive interventions as needed.

Use a padded tongue blade

🔷 A tongue blade is no longer recommended due to the risk of injury to the child, especially to the teeth or oral cavity, during the seizure.

🔷 It also increases the risk of aspiration if the child bites down on the blade, potentially leading to choking.

Restrain the child's arms

🔷 Restraint of the child’s arms can lead to injury, and it is generally not recommended during a seizure.

🔷 Restraint interferes with the natural process of the seizure and can increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury.

Attempt to stop the seizure

🔷 Attempting to stop the seizure is not recommended. Seizures resolve on their own and trying to intervene physically can result in harm to the child.

🔷 The priority should be ensuring the safety of the child and allowing the seizure to run its course while providing supportive care.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

"l will be sure my child aspirates before injecting the insulin."

Rationale :

🔶 Aspirating before injecting insulin is no longer recommended. It was previously done to check for blood vessels, but it is unnecessary for subcutaneous insulin injections because insulin is injected into fatty tissue, where blood vessels are minimal.

🔶 The focus should be on proper technique such as injecting at a 90-degree angle and ensuring the injection site is appropriate, not on aspirating.

🔶 Aspiration is no longer needed and can make the injection process uncomfortable for the child.

🔶 The latest guidelines emphasize injecting at the correct angle and rotating sites, not aspirating.

🔶 Therefore, the parent needs further teaching regarding the outdated practice of aspiration.

"The insulin should be injected at a 90-degree angle."

🔶 This is correct. Insulin should be injected at a 90-degree angle to ensure proper subcutaneous delivery of insulin.

🔶 Injecting at the correct angle helps ensure the insulin is deposited into fatty tissue rather than muscle, which could affect absorption.

"The insulin can be injected anywhere there is adipose tissue."

🔶 This is correct. Insulin can be injected into any area with adipose tissue, like the abdomen, thighs, or upper arms.

🔶 Rotating between different injection sites is essential to prevent lipodystrophy, a condition that can affect the absorption of insulin.

"I will be sure my child rotates sites after 5 injections in one area."

🔶 This is correct. Site rotation after approximately 5 injections in one area helps avoid lipohypertrophy, which can cause irregular insulin absorption and lumps or bumps in the tissue.

🔶 Site rotation ensures better and more consistent insulin absorption and reduces tissue damage.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Increased sleeping

Rationale :

🔷 Increased sleeping or lethargy in an infant is a common sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It indicates a possible decrease in brain function due to pressure on the brainstem.

🔷 The infant may become more drowsy or less responsive, showing altered consciousness and difficulty arousing.

🔷 This change in sleep patterns should be promptly monitored to prevent worsening ICP and inform further interventions.

🔷 Other signs of increased ICP may include vomiting, bulging fontanels, and irritability.

🔷 Early recognition of increased ICP is critical to prevent further neurological damage.

Tachycardia

🔷 Tachycardia can occur as a compensatory mechanism in response to increased intracranial pressure, but it is not a specific indicator of ICP.

🔷 Tachycardia can also be related to other causes like fever, pain, or hypoxia.

Depressed fontanels

🔷 Depressed fontanels are a sign of dehydration, not increased intracranial pressure.

🔷 In increased ICP, the fontanels are typically bulging due to the pressure exerted on the brain.

Brisk pupillary reaction to light

🔷 A brisk pupillary reaction is a normal finding and typically suggests that ICP is not elevated.

🔷 In increased ICP, pupillary response may be sluggish or absent, indicating brainstem involvement.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Inability to raise head when in prone position

Rationale :

🔹 Inability to raise the head when in the prone position at 3 months old is a developmental delay. By 3 months, infants should have sufficient muscle strength and neck control to raise and hold their head in a prone position.

🔹 Head control is an important milestone that should be achieved by this age, and its absence can indicate a neurological concern or muscle weakness.

🔹 This milestone should be reported to the provider for further assessment of the infant's motor development and possible underlying issues.

🔹 It’s essential to monitor these milestones to ensure the child is progressing appropriately and intervene if delays are identified.

Inability to sit without support

🔷 At 3 months old, it is expected that the infant is not yet able to sit without support. Sitting typically develops between 6 to 9 months.

🔷 Support for sitting is normal at this age, so this finding is not concerning.

Inability to pick up an object with her fingers

🔷 At 3 months old, infants typically cannot pick up objects with their fingers. The ability to grasp objects is usually developed at 4 to 6 months.

🔷 Palmar grasp (gripping objects with the whole hand) begins to develop around this time, but fine motor skills like picking up objects with fingers come later.

Inability to bring an object to her mouth

🔷 Bringing objects to the mouth is an expected developmental milestone by 4 to 5 months of age.

🔷 At 3 months old, the infant may be able to hold an object, but the skill of bringing it to the mouth develops a bit later.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Putting a large-piece puzzle together

Rationale :

🔷 Putting a large-piece puzzle together is an appropriate activity for a 4-year-old child on airborne precautions because it can be done safely in the room and does not require leaving the designated area.

🔷This activity keeps the child engaged while adhering to infection control measures and reduces the risk of spreading airborne pathogens.

🔷 Puzzles are also beneficial for the child's cognitive development and provide a quiet, focused activity that doesn’t disturb isolation protocols.

Pulling a wagon with toys in the hallway

🔷 Pulling a wagon would require the child to leave the room and potentially enter common areas in the hospital, which increases the risk of infection transmission.

🔷 This activity is not suitable for airborne precautions, as it could expose others to the airborne pathogen.

Watching a video game in the playroom

🔷 The playroom likely involves multiple children and may not maintain airborne precautions for the child in isolation.

🔷 It’s safer for the child to stay in their room to limit exposure and reduce the risk of transmission.

Constructing a model airplane

🔷 Model airplane construction could involve small parts that the child may put in their mouth, which increases the risk of contamination.

🔷 It also may be a more complex activity that requires more movement and could disrupt the isolation procedures.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

A child whose parents answer questions for the child

Rationale :

🔷 When parents answer questions for the child instead of allowing the child to respond, it could be a sign that the child is being controlled or manipulated by the parents, potentially a red flag for abuse.

🔷 This behavior can indicate that the parents are overly involved in the child's interactions with medical staff, which might be a tactic used to cover up signs of abuse.

🔷 In abusive situations, children may be prevented from speaking for themselves or expressing their own experiences due to fear or intimidation.

🔷The nurse should consider this a warning sign and take steps to protect the child by reporting the concern and ensuring that the child has a chance to communicate independently.

🔷Observing this behavior and further investigating the dynamics of the parent-child relationship can help identify possible abuse or neglect.

A child who uses the call light frequently

🔷 Frequent use of the call light is generally not an indication of abuse. Children often use the call light for comfort or attention, and this behavior is more likely related to anxiety or dependency rather than abuse.

🔷 It is important to assess the child’s emotional needs, but frequent call light use does not inherently indicate abuse.

A child who has frequent visitors

🔷 Frequent visitors could indicate that the child has supportive relationships or is in a well-connected family.

🔷 While some abuse cases may involve isolation, frequent visitors alone do not provide a clear indication of abuse and should not be considered a red flag.

A child who has a BMI indicating obesity

🔷 Obesity is a medical condition that requires proper nutrition and management. While it may suggest poor dietary habits, it is not a direct indicator of abuse.

🔷 Abuse may contribute to poor health in some cases, but BMI alone does not point to abuse and must be assessed within the context of other health factors.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

"The teacher says my child has to squint to see the board."

Rationale :

🔷Squinting to see the board is a common sign of uncorrected vision problems, indicating the child may not be able to see objects clearly at a distance.

🔷A 6-year-old should be able to see the classroom board without straining, and squinting often reflects myopia or other visual acuity deficits.

🔷Uncorrected vision issues can interfere with learning, reading, and academic performance, making early referral essential.

🔷 Vision problems at this age can also impact social development, as children may avoid activities requiring good sight.

🔷Early identification and treatment (such as glasses) prevent long-term visual strain and support optimal school success

"My child has recently lost both front top teeth."

🔷 Losing primary teeth around age 6 is expected and indicates normal physical development.

🔷 This statement does not suggest any developmental or health concern at this age.

"Sometimes my child acts bossy with his friends."

🔷 Bossy behavior can occur as children test social boundaries and is typical of early school-age social development.

🔷 It usually improves as children gain better emotional regulation and social skills.

"My child often cheats when we play board games."

🔷 Cheating in games is a normal behavior for young children as they learn rules and fairness.

🔷 It indicates immature moral reasoning rather than a developmental problem.

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Custom NUR 2241 Pediatric Final Exam

No.

1 :
A nurse is reviewing data for four children. Which of the following children should the nurse assess first?

2 :
A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who was admitted with acute diarrhea and dehydration. Which of the following findings indicates that oral rehydration therapy has been effective?

3 :
A home health nurse is developing a plan of care for a child who has hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Which of the following goals is the priority for the nurse to include in the plan of care?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a child who is experiencing a seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

5 :
A nurse is providing teaching about self-administration of insulin to the parent of a school-age child who has a new of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?

6 :
A nurse is assessing an infant following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor to identify increased intracranial pressure?

7 :
A nurse is assessing a 3-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

8 :
A nurse is planning care for a 4-year-old child who requires airborne precautions. Which of the following activities should the nurse plan for child?

9 :
A nurse is providing care to children on a general pediatric unit. Which of the following children should the nurse identify as a potential victim of abuse?

10 :
A nurse is speaking with the mother of a 6-year-old child. Which of the following statements by the mother should concern the nurse?

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Custom NUR 2241 Pediatric Final Exam

No.

1 : A nurse is reviewing data for four children. Which of the following children should the nurse assess first?

2 : A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who was admitted with acute diarrhea and dehydration. Which of the following findings indicates that oral rehydration therapy has been effective?

3 : A home health nurse is developing a plan of care for a child who has hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Which of the following goals is the priority for the nurse to include in the plan of care?

4 : A nurse is caring for a child who is experiencing a seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

5 : A nurse is providing teaching about self-administration of insulin to the parent of a school-age child who has a new of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?

6 : A nurse is assessing an infant following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor to identify increased intracranial pressure?

7 : A nurse is assessing a 3-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

8 : A nurse is planning care for a 4-year-old child who requires airborne precautions. Which of the following activities should the nurse plan for child?

9 : A nurse is providing care to children on a general pediatric unit. Which of the following children should the nurse identify as a potential victim of abuse?

10 : A nurse is speaking with the mother of a 6-year-old child. Which of the following statements by the mother should concern the nurse?

1 :
A nurse is reviewing data for four children. Which of the following children should the nurse assess first?

2 :
A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who was admitted with acute diarrhea and dehydration. Which of the following findings indicates that oral rehydration therapy has been effective?

3 :
A home health nurse is developing a plan of care for a child who has hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Which of the following goals is the priority for the nurse to include in the plan of care?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a child who is experiencing a seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

5 :
A nurse is providing teaching about self-administration of insulin to the parent of a school-age child who has a new of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?

6 :
A nurse is assessing an infant following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor to identify increased intracranial pressure?

7 :
A nurse is assessing a 3-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

8 :
A nurse is planning care for a 4-year-old child who requires airborne precautions. Which of the following activities should the nurse plan for child?

9 :
A nurse is providing care to children on a general pediatric unit. Which of the following children should the nurse identify as a potential victim of abuse?

10 :
A nurse is speaking with the mother of a 6-year-old child. Which of the following statements by the mother should concern the nurse?