Question

A patient weighs 44 pounds. The doctor orders Cefazolin 90 mg/kg/day every 8 hours (3 doses per day). What is the appropriate dose (in mg) for this patient?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

600

Rationale :

💎 Step 1: Convert weight from pounds to kilograms → 44 lb × 0.45 = 19.8 kg

💎 Step 2: Ordered dose = 90 mg/kg/day → 90 × 19.8 = 1,782 mg/day

💎 Step 3: The order is for 3 doses per day (q8h) → 1,782 ÷ 3 = 594 mg ≈ 600 mg per dose

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Subcostal retractions during feeding

Rationale :

🔷 Subcostal retractions indicate increased work of breathing and impending respiratory distress.

🔷 In infants with congenital heart disease, feeding can increase oxygen demand, worsening dyspnea.

🔷 Signs such as nasal flaring, grunting, tachypnea, or retractions require pausing the feeding immediately.

🔷 Continuing to feed during distress increases risk for aspiration and hypoxia.

🔷 Feeding should resume only when breathing stabilizes and after provider evaluation.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Chest physiotherapy helps break up thick secretions for ease of breathing.
Give pancreatic enzymes with or immediately before meals. and snacks
Feed your child foods that are high in protein.
Give your child high-calorie foods and snacks.

Rationale :

🟢 Chest physiotherapy: Helps loosen thick mucus, improving airway clearance and oxygenation.

🟢 Pancreatic enzymes: Given with or before meals/snacks to assist in nutrient absorption and prevent malnutrition.

🟢 High-protein foods: Protein promotes growth and tissue repair, essential for children with chronic illness.

🟢 High-calorie foods: High energy needs due to increased metabolic demand and malabsorption; frequent meals recommended.

🟢 Cystic fibrosis affects both respiratory and digestive systems, so therapy targets lung clearance and nutrition support.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Rationale :

🔶 An EEG records electrical brain activity, identifying abnormal discharges that cause seizures.

🔶 It helps confirm the diagnosis and determine seizure type for appropriate treatment planning.

🔶 The test is non-invasive and painless, using scalp electrodes.

🔶 Echocardiogram assesses heart function, and EKG assesses cardiac rhythm—not neurological activity.

🔶 EEG findings guide anticonvulsant therapy and long-term monitoring.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Nighttime bedwetting

Rationale :

🟣 Nocturnal enuresis means involuntary urination during sleep in a child age 5 or older.

🟣 It is classified as primary if the child has never achieved bladder control, or secondary if control was lost after 6 months.

🟣 Causes include delayed bladder maturity, genetics, stress, or excessive nighttime urine production.

🟣 Nursing care includes reassurance, bladder training, and limiting evening fluids.

🟣 Usually resolves spontaneously as the child’s neurologic and bladder control improve.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Administer antibiotics as per provider's order.

Rationale :

🔵 The symptoms (high fever, photophobia, neck stiffness) suggest bacterial meningitis, a medical emergency.

🔵 Immediate antibiotic therapy is priority to prevent complications such as septicemia and brain damage.

🔵 Supportive care (fluids, antipyretics) follows after initiating antibiotic coverage.

🔵 Diagnostic tests (lumbar puncture, cultures) confirm the organism but treatment must not be delayed.

🔵 Standard precautions include droplet isolation to prevent transmission.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant. This represents the stenosed pylorus muscle.

Rationale :

🔷 Pyloric stenosis causes hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle, obstructing gastric emptying.

🔷 The hallmark sign is a palpable, firm “olive-shaped” mass in the right upper quadrant (RUQ).

🔷 It’s often accompanied by projectile, non-bilious vomiting after feeding.

🔷 Additional findings include weight loss, dehydration, and visible peristaltic waves.

🔷 Diagnosis is confirmed by abdominal ultrasound showing thickened pylorus muscle.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Acquired heart disease develops as a result of an illness or infection after birth

Rationale :

🔶 Acquired heart disease (AHD) refers to cardiac conditions that occur after birth due to infections, autoimmune reactions, or other illnesses.

🔶 Examples include rheumatic fever, Kawasaki disease, myocarditis, or endocarditis.

🔶 It differs from congenital heart defects (CHD), which are structural anomalies present at birth.

🔶 Early detection and treatment prevent long-term complications such as valvular damage or heart failure.

🔶 Nurses focus on infection prevention and long-term cardiac monitoring in these patients.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Pinch the nostrils together and lean forward during a nosebleed.

Rationale :

🟢 The priority is to stop bleeding and prevent aspiration.

🟢 The correct technique is to pinch the soft part of the nose for about 10–15 minutes while leaning forward, not backward.

🟢 Leaning backward may cause blood to flow into the throat, leading to nausea or aspiration.

🟢 A cold compress can be applied to the nasal bridge to promote vasoconstriction.

🟢 Frequent nose blowing or nasal manipulation should be avoided as it can dislodge clots and restart bleeding.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Paraphimosis is a more serious, emergent disorder

Rationale :

🔵 Phimosis = inability to retract the foreskin over the glans; may be normal in young boys.

🔵 Paraphimosis = foreskin is retracted and cannot be returned to cover the glans — a medical emergency due to vascular constriction and edema.

🔵 It can lead to pain, swelling, and tissue necrosis if untreated.

🔵 Nurses must never forcibly retract a child’s foreskin and should educate caregivers on gentle hygiene.

🔵 Prompt recognition of paraphimosis allows emergency reduction and preservation of circulation.

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ATI RN Pediatric Neurological and Emergency Care Exam

No.

1 :
A patient weighs 44 pounds. The doctor orders Cefazolin 90 mg/kg/day every 8 hours (3 doses per day). What is the appropriate dose (in mg) for this patient?

2 :
A nurse is feeding a newborn with congenital heart disease (CHD). Which finding would the nurse interpret as indicating respiratory distress and to pause the feeding.

3 :
The nurse is teaching the parent of a child with cystic fibrosis about respiratory and nutrition requirements for the child. What should be included in this teaching? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

4 :
Which of the following is used to officially diagnose seizures and seizure types?

5 :
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis. The parents ask what this means. The nurse is correct in responding:

6 :
The nurse is caring for an unvaccinated child with 104F fever, photophobia, neck rigidity. The RN knows that in order to address the infection the priority interventions?

8 :
A pediatric nurse is providing care to a child with acquired heart disease. The nurse understands that this type of heart disease is different from congenital heart defect which way:

9 :
A child with recurrent epistaxis is seen in the clinic. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing interventions to prioritize for a patient with a noise bleed?

10 :
A parent of an uncircumcised child asked the nurse about disorders of the foreskin and difference between phimosis and paraphimosis. The nurse's response should be?

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ATI RN Pediatric Neurological and Emergency Care Exam

No.

1 : A patient weighs 44 pounds. The doctor orders Cefazolin 90 mg/kg/day every 8 hours (3 doses per day). What is the appropriate dose (in mg) for this patient?

2 : A nurse is feeding a newborn with congenital heart disease (CHD). Which finding would the nurse interpret as indicating respiratory distress and to pause the feeding.

3 : The nurse is teaching the parent of a child with cystic fibrosis about respiratory and nutrition requirements for the child. What should be included in this teaching? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

4 : Which of the following is used to officially diagnose seizures and seizure types?

5 : The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis. The parents ask what this means. The nurse is correct in responding:

6 : The nurse is caring for an unvaccinated child with 104F fever, photophobia, neck rigidity. The RN knows that in order to address the infection the priority interventions?

8 : A pediatric nurse is providing care to a child with acquired heart disease. The nurse understands that this type of heart disease is different from congenital heart defect which way:

9 : A child with recurrent epistaxis is seen in the clinic. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing interventions to prioritize for a patient with a noise bleed?

10 : A parent of an uncircumcised child asked the nurse about disorders of the foreskin and difference between phimosis and paraphimosis. The nurse's response should be?

1 :
A patient weighs 44 pounds. The doctor orders Cefazolin 90 mg/kg/day every 8 hours (3 doses per day). What is the appropriate dose (in mg) for this patient?

2 :
A nurse is feeding a newborn with congenital heart disease (CHD). Which finding would the nurse interpret as indicating respiratory distress and to pause the feeding.

3 :
The nurse is teaching the parent of a child with cystic fibrosis about respiratory and nutrition requirements for the child. What should be included in this teaching? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

4 :
Which of the following is used to officially diagnose seizures and seizure types?

5 :
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with nocturnal enuresis. The parents ask what this means. The nurse is correct in responding:

6 :
The nurse is caring for an unvaccinated child with 104F fever, photophobia, neck rigidity. The RN knows that in order to address the infection the priority interventions?

8 :
A pediatric nurse is providing care to a child with acquired heart disease. The nurse understands that this type of heart disease is different from congenital heart defect which way:

9 :
A child with recurrent epistaxis is seen in the clinic. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing interventions to prioritize for a patient with a noise bleed?

10 :
A parent of an uncircumcised child asked the nurse about disorders of the foreskin and difference between phimosis and paraphimosis. The nurse's response should be?