Question

Why does heat stroke cause low blood pressure?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Circulating blood decreases due to dehydration and vasodilation

Rationale :

🔴 Heat stroke leads to extensive sweating, causing fluid loss and dehydration.

🔴 Loss of fluid volume reduces venous return and cardiac output, lowering blood pressure.

🔴 The body attempts to cool itself by vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels, which further decreases vascular resistance.

🔴 Combined effects of low blood volume + dilated vessels lead to systemic hypotension.

🔴 Without prompt treatment, this can progress to shock, organ failure, and death.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Fever

Rationale :

🟢 Objective signs are measurable or observable by healthcare providers.

🟢 Fever can be quantified using a thermometer, making it a true sign.

🟢 Subjective symptoms (like headache, nausea, fatigue) depend on patient self-report.

🟢 Fever reflects underlying inflammatory or infectious processes, which are observable.

🟢 Objective signs help guide diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

A mole that changed shape

Rationale :

🟠 Skin changes, especially in moles, are classic early indicators of skin cancer.

🟠 The ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color changes, Diameter, Evolution) identifies warning signs.

🟠 A mole that changes shape suggests uncontrolled cell growth.

🟠 Early detection of changing moles can improve treatment outcomes in melanoma.

🟠 Other options (bruises, nosebleeds, appetite changes) are not specific to cancer warning signs

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Hyperplasia

Rationale :

🔵 Hyperplasia means an increase in cell number, unlike hypertrophy (increase in size).

🔵 It results in tissue or organ enlargement, seen in endometrial hyperplasia, BPH.

🔵 It often occurs due to hormonal stimulation (e.g., estrogen effect on endometrium).

🔵 Hyperplasia is generally controlled and reversible when stimulus is removed.

🔵 It differs from dysplasia, which is abnormal and precancerous.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Air pollution

Rationale :

🟣 Air pollution introduces carcinogenic chemicals that damage lung tissue.

🟣 Exposure to second-hand smoke and environmental toxins increases lung cancer risk.

🟣 Long-term exposure to polluted air contributes to chronic inflammation, which predisposes to cancer.

🟣 Other listed options (BRCA1, sunburn, high altitude) are linked to different conditions, not lung cancer.

🟣 Reducing exposure to airborne carcinogens is a proven prevention method.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Sodium accumulates inside the cell due to ATP depletion.

Rationale :

🟢 Hypoxia reduces ATP production, which is essential for the sodium-potassium pump.

🟢 Without ATP, sodium accumulates inside the cell, pulling water in by osmosis.

🟢 The resulting cellular swelling stretches and weakens the cell membrane.

🟢 Eventually, the swollen cell undergoes membrane rupture, releasing contents.

🟢 This process explains why hypoxia is a leading cause of irreversible cell injury.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

A condition that develops gradually and persists for a long time

Rationale :

🔵 Chronic diseases often start with slow onset and mild symptoms.

🔵 They can last months to years, unlike acute diseases which resolve quickly.

🔵 Examples include diabetes, hypertension, COPD.

🔵 They may worsen over time with periods of remission and exacerbation.

🔵 Management focuses on long-term care rather than cure.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Muscle weakness
Severe fatigue
Infections

Rationale :

Muscle weakness

🟠 Tumors can cause cachexia, leading to muscle breakdown.

🟠 Nutrients are diverted to cancer cell growth, leaving body tissues malnourished.

🟠 This results in progressive weakness in clients with malignancy.

Severe fatigue

🟠 Fatigue is the most common systemic symptom of cancer.

🟠 It is caused by anemia, cytokine release, and metabolic demands of the tumor.

🟠 Fatigue often persists even after rest, distinguishing it from normal tiredness.

🟠Infections

🟠 Tumors weaken the immune system either directly or by treatment effects.

🟠 Bone marrow suppression reduces WBC counts, increasing infection risk.

🟠 Opportunistic infections are common due to immunosuppression.

🟠Intestinal obstruction It is a local effect, not systemic.

🟠Ulcerations These are local tissue effects, not systemic.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Antidiuretic hormone increases water retention

Rationale :

🟣 ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary during stress.

🟣 Its main role is to promote water reabsorption in the kidneys.

🟣 This leads to increased blood volume and blood pressure.

🟣 Water retention helps maintain perfusion in times of stress.

🟣 Other options (serum proteins, lymphocytes, wound healing) are not direct ADH effects.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Temperature
Noise
Mold

Rationale :

Temperature

✅ Extreme heat can cause heat stroke, burns, dehydration.

✅ Extreme cold can cause frostbite, hypothermia.

✅ Both alter body homeostasis.

Noise

✅ Long-term exposure leads to hearing loss and stress.

✅ Occupational noise is a recognized hazard.

✅ Noise pollution affects sleep and mental health.

Mold

✅ Mold produces spores that cause allergic reactions and respiratory illness.

✅ Long-term exposure linked to asthma and chronic lung disease.

✅ Indoor air quality is a major determinant of health.

✅Parasites and viruses are biological agents, not physical environmental agents.

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W2_NR283_Quiz_1

No.

1 :
Why does heat stroke cause low blood pressure?

2 :
What manifestation is an objective sign of disease?

3 :
What is a warning sign of cancer?

4 :
What cellular adaptation is described as an increase in the number of cells, resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

5 :
What is a risk factor for the development of lung cancer?

6 :
Why does hypoxia lead to cell membrane rupture?

7 :
What is the definition of chronic disease?

8 :
What systemic manifestation(s) can occur due to a tumor? Select all that apply.

9 :
What is an effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) during the stress response?

10 :
What physical agent(s) within the environment can impact a person's health? Select all that apply.

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W2_NR283_Quiz_1

No.

1 : Why does heat stroke cause low blood pressure?

2 : What manifestation is an objective sign of disease?

3 : What is a warning sign of cancer?

4 : What cellular adaptation is described as an increase in the number of cells, resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

5 : What is a risk factor for the development of lung cancer?

6 : Why does hypoxia lead to cell membrane rupture?

7 : What is the definition of chronic disease?

8 : What systemic manifestation(s) can occur due to a tumor? Select all that apply.

9 : What is an effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) during the stress response?

10 : What physical agent(s) within the environment can impact a person's health? Select all that apply.

1 :
Why does heat stroke cause low blood pressure?

2 :
What manifestation is an objective sign of disease?

3 :
What is a warning sign of cancer?

4 :
What cellular adaptation is described as an increase in the number of cells, resulting in an enlarged tissue mass

5 :
What is a risk factor for the development of lung cancer?

6 :
Why does hypoxia lead to cell membrane rupture?

7 :
What is the definition of chronic disease?

8 :
What systemic manifestation(s) can occur due to a tumor? Select all that apply.

9 :
What is an effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) during the stress response?

10 :
What physical agent(s) within the environment can impact a person's health? Select all that apply.