Question

Which condition warrants the use of acetazolamide (Diamox) as a diuretic

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Increased intraocular pressure

Rationale :

🔹 Acetazolamide (Diamox) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to reduce aqueous humor production, lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma.

🔹 It can also reduce intracranial pressure but its primary diuretic indication is ocular pressure management.

🔹 Extravascular pressure, periorbital edema, or generalized edema are not standard indications.

🔹 This drug decreases sodium and water reabsorption, but main therapeutic goal = glaucoma and sometimes altitude sickness.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

"Peristalsis is increased, so food is digested more quickly."

Rationale :

🔹 Metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent that enhances gastric motility and increases lower esophageal sphincter tone.

🔹 It helps reduce reflux by improving gastric emptying and promoting peristalsis.

🔹 It does not decrease muscle tone, delay emptying, or impair motor skills.

🔹 Teaching must highlight faster gastric transit and reduced reflux symptoms.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Decrease in the daily digoxin dosage

Rationale :

🔹 In hypothyroidism, metabolism slows and digoxin clearance decreases, leading to increased sensitivity and risk for toxicity.

🔹 Therefore, the digoxin dose usually needs to be reduced when thyroid replacement therapy begins.

🔹 Thyroid replacement can still be initiated safely under close monitoring.

🔹 The key is adjusting cardiac glycoside dosage for safe interaction.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Within 10 to 15 minutes of eating

Rationale :

🔹 Insulin lispro (rapid-acting insulin) has an onset of 10–15 minutes.

🔹 It should be taken right before a meal so that glucose from food is covered as absorption begins.

🔹 Giving it too early risks hypoglycemia; giving it after eating delays coverage.

🔹 This timing matches rapid onset with post-meal glucose rise.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Antihypertensive

Rationale :

🔹 Pentoxifylline (Trental) improves blood flow by decreasing blood viscosity, used in peripheral vascular disease.

🔹 When combined with antihypertensives, risk of hypotension increases, so close monitoring is required.

🔹 It does not significantly interact with antilipemics, antibiotics, or antipsychotics in this context.

🔹 Monitoring blood pressure ensures safe therapy.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

"Grapefruit juice will increase the effects of this medication."

Rationale :

🔷 Cilostazol (Pletal) is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor used to improve circulation in peripheral arterial disease.

🔷 Grapefruit juice interferes with CYP3A4 metabolism, which increases drug serum levels and toxicity risk.

🔷 Patients should be taught to avoid grapefruit juice completely while on cilostazol.

🔷 Statements about quitting smoking, managing dizziness by sitting, and temporary diarrhea are appropriate and expected teaching points.

🔷 This shows the patient misunderstood drug–food interactions, indicating need for further teaching.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Encourage passive leg exercises.

Rationale :

🔶 Older adults on bed rest are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to venous stasis.

🔶 Passive or active leg exercises improve venous return and circulation, reducing clot formation.

🔶 Peripheral pulse assessment helps with monitoring, but it does not prevent clot formation.

🔶 Limiting fluids increases viscosity of blood, which actually raises clot risk.

🔶 Pillows behind the knees compress vessels, which may impede circulation and increase risk of clotting.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Extreme dilation of the pupil

Rationale :

💠 Mydriatic eyedrops are used in ophthalmology to dilate the pupil for examination of the retina and internal structures.

💠 These drugs are often anticholinergics (e.g., atropine) or sympathomimetics.

💠 Dilation allows better visualization but may cause temporary blurred vision and light sensitivity.

💠 They do not dry tears, open the canal of Schlemm (that’s for glaucoma meds), or paralyze the ciliary muscle (that’s cycloplegia).

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

For 12 days post surgically.

Rationale :

♦ Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is an oral anticoagulant used to prevent venous thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery.

♦ After knee replacement, treatment typically continues for 12 days.

♦ After hip replacement, therapy is extended for 35 days due to higher clot risk.

♦ Hospitalization length does not determine anticoagulant use—prevention continues after discharge.

♦ Use is not based solely on creatinine clearance, although renal function affects dosing.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Salt substitutes may be high in potassium and should be used sparingly.

Rationale :

⭐ Many salt substitutes contain potassium chloride instead of sodium chloride.

⭐ Patients with renal disease, heart failure, or those on ACE inhibitors or potassium-sparing diuretics are at risk of hyperkalemia if overused.

⭐ Teaching emphasizes moderation and consultation with the healthcare provider before using salt substitutes.

⭐ They are not safe for unlimited use, and the risk is not about taste but about electrolyte imbalance.

⭐ Some medications can interact, but the most critical teaching is potassium risk.

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Evolve Resources for Clayton's Basic Pharmacology for Nurses, 19th Edition

No.

1 :
Which condition warrants the use of acetazolamide (Diamox) as a diuretic

2 :
Which explanation by the nurse is accurate to include when teaching a patient who is beginning therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with metoclopramide?

3 :
A patient with a history of heart failure has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which change in therapy will most likely be required considering the interaction with

4 :
Which time is best for the nurse to administer Lispro?

5 :
Which medication will alert the nurse to monitor closely for adverse effects when assessing a client recently prescribed pentoxifylline (Trental)?

6 :
The nurse has completed teaching to a patient recently prescribed cilostazol (Pletal). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

7 :
Which action will the nurse implement to decrease the risk of clot formation in an older patient on bed rest?

8 :
The nurse is preparing a patient for an ophthalmic examination. Which action occurs when the nurse instills eyedrops to produce mydriasis?

9 :
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is ordered on a patient following knee replacement surgery. Which time period is accurate to convey when educating the patient on how long this treatment will continue?

10 :
Which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient asking about the use of salt substitutes while on a sodium-restricted diet?

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Evolve Resources for Clayton's Basic Pharmacology for Nurses, 19th Edition

No.

1 : Which condition warrants the use of acetazolamide (Diamox) as a diuretic

2 : Which explanation by the nurse is accurate to include when teaching a patient who is beginning therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with metoclopramide?

3 : A patient with a history of heart failure has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which change in therapy will most likely be required considering the interaction with

4 : Which time is best for the nurse to administer Lispro?

5 : Which medication will alert the nurse to monitor closely for adverse effects when assessing a client recently prescribed pentoxifylline (Trental)?

6 : The nurse has completed teaching to a patient recently prescribed cilostazol (Pletal). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

7 : Which action will the nurse implement to decrease the risk of clot formation in an older patient on bed rest?

8 : The nurse is preparing a patient for an ophthalmic examination. Which action occurs when the nurse instills eyedrops to produce mydriasis?

9 : Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is ordered on a patient following knee replacement surgery. Which time period is accurate to convey when educating the patient on how long this treatment will continue?

10 : Which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient asking about the use of salt substitutes while on a sodium-restricted diet?

1 :
Which condition warrants the use of acetazolamide (Diamox) as a diuretic

2 :
Which explanation by the nurse is accurate to include when teaching a patient who is beginning therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with metoclopramide?

3 :
A patient with a history of heart failure has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which change in therapy will most likely be required considering the interaction with

4 :
Which time is best for the nurse to administer Lispro?

5 :
Which medication will alert the nurse to monitor closely for adverse effects when assessing a client recently prescribed pentoxifylline (Trental)?

6 :
The nurse has completed teaching to a patient recently prescribed cilostazol (Pletal). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

7 :
Which action will the nurse implement to decrease the risk of clot formation in an older patient on bed rest?

8 :
The nurse is preparing a patient for an ophthalmic examination. Which action occurs when the nurse instills eyedrops to produce mydriasis?

9 :
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is ordered on a patient following knee replacement surgery. Which time period is accurate to convey when educating the patient on how long this treatment will continue?

10 :
Which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient asking about the use of salt substitutes while on a sodium-restricted diet?