Question

A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for osteoarthritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Obesity
Smoking

Rationale :

⭐ Obesity

🌐Excess body weight increases mechanical stress on weight-bearing joints (hips, knees, spine).

🌐This accelerates cartilage breakdown and contributes to the development and progression of osteoarthritis.

🌐Weight reduction is one of the most effective ways to decrease pain and slow disease progression.

⭐ Smoking

🌐Smoking impairs cartilage and bone health by reducing blood flow and oxygen supply.

🌐It also increases systemic inflammation, which can worsen joint degeneration.

🌐While more strongly linked to rheumatoid arthritis, smoking is still recognized as a modifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Rationale :

💠 In the compensatory stage of shock, the body attempts to maintain perfusion to vital organs through activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).

💠 This leads to tachycardia, increased contractility, and vasoconstriction, which help sustain blood pressure and cardiac output despite reduced circulating volume or impaired pump function.

💠 The respiratory rate increases (not decreases) as part of compensation to improve oxygen delivery.

💠 Heart rate decreases and peripheral vasodilation are not seen here—they occur in later or different types of shock.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

“l can use either heat or ice to help relieve the discomfort."

Rationale :

🔷 Heat and ice are nonpharmacologic comfort measures for osteoarthritis. Heat relaxes muscles and improves joint flexibility, while ice helps reduce inflammation and pain after activity. Alternating the two can be effective.

🔷 Ibuprofen and other NSAIDs are not the first step; initial management focuses on nonpharmacologic interventions (weight loss, exercise, assistive devices). Medications are added if lifestyle measures are insufficient.

🔷 Placing pillows under the knees can lead to joint flexion contractures; instead, legs should be elevated with the knees extended.

🔷 Limiting all physical activity is not recommended; low-impact exercise (walking, swimming, strengthening) helps maintain mobility, reduce stiffness, and prevent further deterioration.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Limit IM injections.

Rationale :

◆ Platelet count 130,000/mm³ = mild thrombocytopenia, which increases bleeding risk.

◆ Intramuscular injections can cause bleeding into muscle tissue and large hematomas when platelets are low.

◆ The safest intervention is to avoid or limit IM injections and use alternative routes (oral, subcutaneous, IV) whenever possible.

◆ Other listed options are either unsafe (rectal temps can cause mucosal injury and bleeding), insufficient (checking IV site only every 8 hr is too infrequent), or unrelated (proteinuria checks kidney function, not platelet status).

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Vitamin C

Rationale :

💠 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) enhances the absorption of non-heme iron (found in plant sources such as beans, spinach, fortified grains). It reduces ferric iron (Fe³⁺) to the more absorbable ferrous form (Fe²⁺) in the stomach.

💠 Teaching example: taking iron-rich foods or supplements with a source of vitamin C (like orange juice, strawberries, or tomatoes) increases absorption significantly.

💠 Vitamin A supports vision and immunity but does not aid iron absorption.

💠 Fiber and oxalates actually inhibit iron absorption, by binding to iron and preventing uptake.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Epinephrine

Rationale :

🌟 Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. It works rapidly by causing bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, and increased cardiac output, reversing airway obstruction, hypotension, and tissue edema.

🌟 Administered IM in the mid-outer thigh, it quickly counteracts life-threatening effects of histamine release.

🌟 Methylprednisolone (a corticosteroid) may be given later to reduce prolonged inflammatory response, but it has a delayed onset.

🌟 Dobutamine supports cardiac output in cardiogenic shock, not anaphylaxis.

🌟 Furosemide treats fluid overload, not acute allergic reactions.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Start IV fluids and administer prescribed intravenous analgesics.

Rationale :

🔹 Sickle cell crisis causes severe pain due to vascular occlusion and ischemia. The most urgent nursing priority is rapid pain control with IV opioids (oral agents are too slow for acute crisis).

🔹 IV fluids are started simultaneously to reduce blood viscosity, improve circulation, and help prevent further sickling of red blood cells.

🔹 Deep breathing/relaxation and warm compresses can be supportive later but are not sufficient as initial management.

🔹 Prompt IV analgesics + hydration are essential to prevent worsening tissue damage and provide immediate relief.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Packed RBCs

Rationale :

🔹 Hypovolemic shock results from severe blood or fluid loss, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion.

🔹 The priority is to restore circulating blood volume and oxygen-carrying capacity. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are given to replace blood loss, improve hemoglobin, and enhance oxygen delivery.

🔹 Albumin is a plasma expander used in hypoalbuminemia or burns, but it does not restore oxygen-carrying capacity.

🔹 Cryoprecipitates are used for clotting factor deficiencies (e.g., hemophilia, DIC) and not for blood volume replacement.

🔹 Platelets are given for thrombocytopenia or active bleeding from low platelet counts, not primarily for hypovolemia.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Prolonged exposure to cold environments

Rationale :

❄️ Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce, leading to a core temperature below 35°C (95°F).

❄️ The primary cause is extended exposure to cold air, water, wind, or snow, which accelerates heat loss through conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.

❄️ Overhydration with cold fluids may lower stomach temperature slightly but does not cause systemic hypothermia.

❄️ High ambient temperatures lead to hyperthermia/heat stroke, not hypothermia.

❄️ Excessive exercise generates heat, contributing to hyperthermia, not cooling.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Rationale :

🟢 ESR is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and is commonly used to monitor the effectiveness of therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. A decreasing ESR indicates reduced inflammation and improvement with treatment, such as aspirin or other anti-inflammatory agents.

🟢 ANA (antinuclear antibody) is used for diagnosing autoimmune diseases like lupus, not for tracking RA progression or treatment response.

🟢 Rheumatoid factor (RF) helps in the diagnosis of RA but does not change with treatment, so it is not useful for evaluating effectiveness.

🟢 WBC count may detect infection or bone marrow suppression but does not directly measure RA activity or treatment response.

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Custom Carithers-NSG 2610-AH2 Exam #3

No.

1 :
A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for osteoarthritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

2 :
Which of the following is a characteristic of the compensatory stage of shock?

3 :
A nurse in a medical clinic is providing teaching to an older adult client who has osteoarthritis that is affecting her knees. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

4 :
A nurse is planning care for a client who has leukemia and a platelet count of 130.000/mm3. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

5 :
A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition and eating foods high in iron. The nurse should include that which of the following aids in the absorption of iron?

6 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing anaphylactic shock in response to the administration of penicillin. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?

7 :
A patient with sickle cell disease is experiencing severe pain in the abdomen and Joints. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?

8 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing hypovolemic shock. Which of the following blood products should the nurse anticipate administering to this client?

9 :
What is the primary cause of hypothermia?

10 :
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is taking aspirin 650 mg every 4 hours. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication?

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Custom Carithers-NSG 2610-AH2 Exam #3

No.

1 : A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for osteoarthritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

2 : Which of the following is a characteristic of the compensatory stage of shock?

3 : A nurse in a medical clinic is providing teaching to an older adult client who has osteoarthritis that is affecting her knees. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

4 : A nurse is planning care for a client who has leukemia and a platelet count of 130.000/mm3. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

5 : A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition and eating foods high in iron. The nurse should include that which of the following aids in the absorption of iron?

6 : A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing anaphylactic shock in response to the administration of penicillin. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?

7 : A patient with sickle cell disease is experiencing severe pain in the abdomen and Joints. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?

8 : A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing hypovolemic shock. Which of the following blood products should the nurse anticipate administering to this client?

9 : What is the primary cause of hypothermia?

10 : A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is taking aspirin 650 mg every 4 hours. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication?

1 :
A nurse is teaching a client about risk factors for osteoarthritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

2 :
Which of the following is a characteristic of the compensatory stage of shock?

3 :
A nurse in a medical clinic is providing teaching to an older adult client who has osteoarthritis that is affecting her knees. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

4 :
A nurse is planning care for a client who has leukemia and a platelet count of 130.000/mm3. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

5 :
A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition and eating foods high in iron. The nurse should include that which of the following aids in the absorption of iron?

6 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing anaphylactic shock in response to the administration of penicillin. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?

7 :
A patient with sickle cell disease is experiencing severe pain in the abdomen and Joints. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?

8 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing hypovolemic shock. Which of the following blood products should the nurse anticipate administering to this client?

9 :
What is the primary cause of hypothermia?

10 :
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is taking aspirin 650 mg every 4 hours. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication?