Question

Which complication is most associated with Crohn's disease?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Bowel obstruction

Rationale :

🟢Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and scarring anywhere along the GI tract.

🟢Over time, repeated inflammation leads to fibrosis and strictures, which narrow the intestinal lumen.

🟢These strictures can progress to bowel obstruction, a serious complication marked by abdominal pain, distension, and vomiting.

🟢Unlike ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease affects the bowel in a segmental pattern (skip lesions), increasing the risk of obstruction.

🟢Prompt recognition and management are crucial, as severe obstruction may require surgical intervention.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Elevated troponin

Rationale :

🟢Troponin is the most sensitive and specific biomarker for acute myocardial infarction (MI).

🟢It begins to rise within 3–6 hours after myocardial injury, peaks at 12–24 hours, and can remain elevated for 7–14 days.

🟢Elevated troponin reflects myocardial cell death, making it the earliest and most reliable test compared to CK-MB.

🟢CK-MB also rises after MI but takes longer and is less specific since it can be elevated in skeletal muscle injury.

🟢Monitoring troponin levels helps confirm the diagnosis and guides treatment decisions such as reperfusion therapy.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Increased intake of caffeine
Obesity
Smoking

Rationale :

Smoking

🔷Nicotine triggers sympathetic activation, causing vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and an acute rise in blood pressure.

🔷Chronic exposure leads to endothelial dysfunction (↓ nitric oxide) and increased arterial stiffness, both strong drivers of sustained hypertension.

🔷Smoking amplifies oxidative stress and inflammation, accelerating atherosclerosis and impairing vascular reactivity.

🔷It also stimulates the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), promoting sodium retention and higher vascular tone.

🔷Cessation rapidly reduces sympathetic drive and improves vascular function, making it one of the most impactful modifiable levers for BP control.

Increased intake of caffeine

🔷Caffeine antagonizes adenosine receptors, producing vasoconstriction and a measurable, often immediate BP rise (especially in sensitive or hypertensive individuals).

🔷It heightens catecholamine release, increasing cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.

🔷Repeated large doses (e.g., coffee + energy drinks) can sustain elevated BP and worsen blood pressure variability.

🔷Timing matters: consuming caffeine before BP checks can mask control and lead to undertreatment.

🔷Reducing total caffeine (smaller servings, earlier in the day) diminishes these pressors effects and improves BP profiles.

Obesity

🔷Excess adiposity—particularly visceral fat—drives insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and renal sodium retention, all of which elevate blood pressure.

🔷Obesity increases sympathetic tone and activates RAAS, raising systemic vascular resistance and intravascular volume.

🔷It impairs endothelial function and increases arterial stiffness, compounding hypertension risk.

🔷Conditions linked to obesity, such as obstructive sleep apnea, further elevate nocturnal and daytime BP.

🔷Modest weight loss improves insulin sensitivity, lowers vascular resistance, and yields clinically meaningful BP reductions.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

"Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables are high in sodium."

Rationale :

🟢Fresh fruits and vegetables are naturally low in sodium and are recommended in a low-sodium or DASH diet for hypertension.

🟢High-sodium foods are typically processed, canned, smoked, or packaged items, not fresh produce.

🟢Misunderstanding the sodium content of foods can lead to poor dietary choices and reduce the effectiveness of dietary therapy.

🟢Encouraging clients to consume more fresh produce helps lower blood pressure through potassium, fiber, and antioxidants.

🟢This statement demonstrates a knowledge deficit, meaning further teaching is required to ensure proper diet adherence and BP control.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms

Rationale :

🟢Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion that primarily affects the small intestine.

🟢The most important assessment involves GI symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain, and steatorrhea, which reflect malabsorption.

🟢Persistent symptoms can lead to weight loss, nutrient deficiencies, and electrolyte imbalances if not properly managed.

🟢Monitoring GI manifestations helps evaluate the client’s response to a gluten-free diet and detect potential complications such as malnutrition or anemia.

🟢Thorough GI assessment guides education, dietary counseling, and long-term management of the disease.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Primary hypertension

Rationale :

🟢Primary hypertension (essential hypertension) is the most common type, accounting for ~90–95% of cases.

🟢It is defined as elevated blood pressure without an identifiable cause, usually developing gradually over years.

🟢Risk factors include genetics, obesity, high sodium intake, stress, and sedentary lifestyle.

🟢Clients are often asymptomatic in the early stages, which is why it is called the “silent killer.”

🟢Diagnosis and management focus on lifestyle changes and, if needed, antihypertensive medications to prevent complications.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking .

Rationale :

🟢Sedentary lifestyle reduces cardiovascular fitness and promotes weight gain and vascular stiffness, both of which elevate blood pressure.

🟢Obesity increases blood volume, cardiac output, and activates the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), all contributing to chronic hypertension.

🟢Smoking causes vasoconstriction and endothelial damage, accelerating arterial stiffness and raising blood pressure.

🟢These factors act together to create long-term vascular strain, leading to essential (primary) hypertension where no single identifiable cause is found.

🟢Lifestyle modification—such as exercise, weight reduction, and smoking cessation—is the cornerstone of prevention and management.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Place the client in a high fowlers position and administer oxygen as ordered.

Rationale :

🟢Severe dyspnea with pink frothy sputum indicates acute pulmonary edema, a medical emergency seen in decompensated heart failure.

🟢High Fowler’s position helps reduce venous return (preload) to the heart, improving lung expansion and oxygenation.

🟢Administering oxygen is critical to correct hypoxemia (O₂ sat 88%) and prevent progression to respiratory failure.

🟢This immediate intervention stabilizes the client while further therapies (diuretics, vasodilators) can be initiated.

🟢Without rapid action, the client is at risk for severe hypoxia, arrhythmias, and cardiopulmonary arrest.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Complaints of pain with activity, relieved by sitting down

Rationale :

🟢Intermittent claudication is the hallmark symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

🟢It occurs when arterial narrowing reduces blood supply to leg muscles, causing ischemic pain during activity such as walking.

🟢The pain is typically relieved by rest or sitting down, since decreased oxygen demand eases the ischemia.

🟢On assessment, nurses may also find cool extremities, diminished pulses, and delayed capillary refill in affected limbs.

🟢Recognizing this symptom guides management strategies like exercise therapy, smoking cessation, and vascular interventions.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Ischemic stroke.

Rationale :

🟢Atrial fibrillation (AFib) causes chaotic atrial activity, leading to ineffective atrial contractions.

🟢This results in blood pooling within the atria, especially the left atrial appendage, where clots can easily form.

🟢These clots may dislodge and travel to the brain, causing an ischemic stroke, the most serious complication of AFib.

🟢Stroke risk in AFib is assessed using tools like the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, guiding anticoagulation therapy.

🟢Education focuses on stroke prevention strategies such as anticoagulant medications, heart rate control, and lifestyle changes.

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RN NUR Health Assessment Exam 2

No.

1 :
Which complication is most associated with Crohn's disease?

2 :
A client is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which diagnostic laboratory value should the practical nurse (PN) anticipate being the first to elevate to establish a diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

3 :
What are some modifiable risk factors for hypertension? Drag and Drop the correct answers from the list of possible answers

4 :
The nurse has completed diet teaching for a client who has been prescribed a low-sodium diet to treat hypertension. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching when the client makes which statement?

5 :
A female client is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following is most important for the nurse to assess in this client?

6 :
A client has been diagnosed with hypertension. The client has an elevated blood pressure with no symptoms and the cause is unknown. Which term best describes this condition?

7 :
What are considered to be contributing factors to the development of essential (primary) hypertension?

8 :
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with heart failure and complaining of severe dyspnea. The client is coughing up pink frothy sputum and has a 02 sat of 88%. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent further complications?

9 :
A client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of intermittent claudication. With regard to this problem, what would the nurse expect to find on assessment of this client?

10 :
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following complications?

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RN NUR Health Assessment Exam 2

No.

1 : Which complication is most associated with Crohn's disease?

2 : A client is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which diagnostic laboratory value should the practical nurse (PN) anticipate being the first to elevate to establish a diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

3 : What are some modifiable risk factors for hypertension? Drag and Drop the correct answers from the list of possible answers

4 : The nurse has completed diet teaching for a client who has been prescribed a low-sodium diet to treat hypertension. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching when the client makes which statement?

5 : A female client is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following is most important for the nurse to assess in this client?

6 : A client has been diagnosed with hypertension. The client has an elevated blood pressure with no symptoms and the cause is unknown. Which term best describes this condition?

7 : What are considered to be contributing factors to the development of essential (primary) hypertension?

8 : The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with heart failure and complaining of severe dyspnea. The client is coughing up pink frothy sputum and has a 02 sat of 88%. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent further complications?

9 : A client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of intermittent claudication. With regard to this problem, what would the nurse expect to find on assessment of this client?

10 : A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following complications?

1 :
Which complication is most associated with Crohn's disease?

2 :
A client is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which diagnostic laboratory value should the practical nurse (PN) anticipate being the first to elevate to establish a diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

3 :
What are some modifiable risk factors for hypertension? Drag and Drop the correct answers from the list of possible answers

4 :
The nurse has completed diet teaching for a client who has been prescribed a low-sodium diet to treat hypertension. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching when the client makes which statement?

5 :
A female client is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following is most important for the nurse to assess in this client?

6 :
A client has been diagnosed with hypertension. The client has an elevated blood pressure with no symptoms and the cause is unknown. Which term best describes this condition?

7 :
What are considered to be contributing factors to the development of essential (primary) hypertension?

8 :
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with heart failure and complaining of severe dyspnea. The client is coughing up pink frothy sputum and has a 02 sat of 88%. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent further complications?

9 :
A client is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of intermittent claudication. With regard to this problem, what would the nurse expect to find on assessment of this client?

10 :
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following complications?