Question

Which foods are recommended for a patient with inborn metabolism biotinides deficiency? Select all that apply.

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Wheat
Corn
Soy flour

Rationale :

🌾 Wheat

🌾 Patients with biotinidase deficiency require biotin supplementation, but many cereal grains like wheat naturally contain biotin and are generally safe to consume.

🌾 Wheat is a good source of biotin precursors and can support nutritional needs when combined with medical treatment.

🌾 Avoiding foods with excessive avidin (which binds biotin) is important, but wheat does not contain high levels of avidin.

🌽 Corn

🌽 Corn contains moderate amounts of biotin and is a safe dietary choice for these patients.

🌽 It can contribute to overall biotin intake and energy needs without interfering with metabolic balance.

🌽 Corn is also a valuable source of other nutrients supporting general health.

🌱 Soy flour

🌱 Soy products provide biotin and are important for protein and nutrient support in metabolic disorders.

🌱 Soy flour can be used in dietary plans as a biotin-containing food suitable for supplementation.

🌱 It supports both energy and protein needs, which are critical for metabolic function.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Legumes
Fish
Orange juice
Green, leafy vegetables

Rationale :

🌿 Legumes

🌿 Legumes are rich in non-heme iron and folate, both essential for preventing anemia and supporting fetal growth.

🌿 They also provide protein and fiber, contributing to overall maternal health.

🌿 Consuming legumes helps maintain adequate hemoglobin synthesis.

🐟 Fish

🐟 Fish contains heme iron and omega-3 fatty acids important for fetal brain development.

🐟 Iron from fish is more bioavailable, enhancing iron stores in pregnant women.

🐟 Adequate fish intake supports maternal and fetal nutritional needs.

🍊 Orange juice

🍊 Orange juice is high in vitamin C, which enhances the absorption of plant-based (non-heme) iron.

🍊 Including vitamin C-rich foods helps reduce the risk of iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy.

🍊 It also supports immune function and overall maternal health.

🥬 Green, leafy vegetables

🥬 These vegetables are packed with folate and iron, crucial for preventing neural tube defects and anemia.

🥬 Folate supports DNA synthesis and fetal development during rapid cell division.

🥬 Regular consumption contributes significantly to maternal nutrient stores.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Prednisone

Rationale :

💊 Prednisone is a corticosteroid frequently prescribed post-kidney transplant to prevent organ rejection.

💊 It promotes protein catabolism, breaking down muscle tissue and leading to a negative nitrogen balance.

💊 This catabolic effect can cause muscle wasting, weakness, and delayed wound healing if not addressed.

💊 Patients require close nutritional monitoring and increased protein intake to counterbalance these effects.

💊 Awareness of prednisone’s metabolic impact allows timely nursing interventions to minimize complications.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Manganese toxicity

Rationale :

⚠️ Exposure to manganese fumes, common in welders, can lead to manganese toxicity.

⚠️ This condition mimics Parkinsonian symptoms, such as tremors, difficulty walking, and muscle spasms.

⚠️ Neuropsychiatric symptoms including irritability, aggression, and hallucinations often develop as toxicity progresses.

⚠️ Early diagnosis is essential to prevent irreversible neurological damage.

⚠️ Taking a detailed occupational history is critical to distinguish this from other neurological disorders.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Half of the intake of grains should be whole grains.
Add dark green, red, and orange vegetables to main and side dishes.
Select fresh, frozen, canned, and dried fruit more often than fruit juice.
Beans and peas are great sources of fiber

Rationale :

🌾 Half of the intake of grains should be whole grains

🌾 Whole grains provide more fiber, vitamins, and minerals than refined grains.

🌾 They help regulate blood sugar and improve digestive health.

🌾 Dietary guidelines recommend making at least 50% of grain intake whole grains.

🥦 Add dark green, red, and orange vegetables

🥦 These colorful vegetables provide a variety of phytonutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants.

🥦 They contribute to overall carbohydrate quality and disease prevention.

🥦 Including them in meals improves nutrient density.

🍎 Select fresh, frozen, canned, and dried fruit more often than fruit juice

🍎 Whole fruits provide fiber and nutrients not found in fruit juices.

🍎 Fruit juice is often high in sugar and low in fiber, which can cause blood sugar spikes.

🍎 Encouraging whole fruit consumption supports better glycemic control.

🫘 Beans and peas are great sources of fiber

🫘 These legumes provide complex carbohydrates and soluble fiber that aid digestion and blood sugar regulation.

🫘 They also contribute to satiety and heart health.

🫘 Beans and peas are important components of a balanced carbohydrate intake.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

"The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 12 tsp or less of added sugar on a 2000-kcal diet."

Rationale :

💎 The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that added sugars make up no more than 10% of total daily caloric intake, which equals about 8 tsp on a 2000-kcal diet, not 12 tsp.

💎 Excess added sugar intake is linked to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes.

💎 Accurate public health teaching ensures individuals understand the difference between natural sugars in whole foods (which come with nutrients) and added sugars (which provide empty calories).

💎 Correcting misinformation is crucial for preventive nutrition education.

💎 Misquoting guidelines can lead to excessive sugar consumption, undermining dietary goals.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

"The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends 12 tsp or less of added sugar on a 2000-kcal diet."

Rationale :

💎 The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that added sugars make up no more than 10% of total daily caloric intake, which equals about 8 tsp on a 2000-kcal diet, not 12 tsp.

💎 Excess added sugar intake is linked to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes.

💎 Accurate public health teaching ensures individuals understand the difference between natural sugars in whole foods (which come with nutrients) and added sugars (which provide empty calories).

💎 Correcting misinformation is crucial for preventive nutrition education.

💎 Misquoting guidelines can lead to excessive sugar consumption, undermining dietary goals.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

The amount of fat is calculated from the difference between the measured amount of lean body mass and the total weight.

Rationale :

⏺️Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimates body composition by measuring the electrical conductivity of tissues.

⏺️Lean tissue (muscle, water) conducts electricity well, while fat tissue has high resistance.

⏺️The device calculates lean body mass, and then body fat mass is determined by subtracting lean mass from total body weight.

⏺️This method is noninvasive, quick, and safe for most individuals.

⏺️ Accuracy can be affected by hydration status, so consistent measurement conditions are important.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

A patient with cerebral vascular accident (CVA) .
A patient with exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS) .
A patient with advanced Parkinson disease .

Rationale :

A patient with cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

💎 A CVA (stroke) can cause neurological deficits that impair the coordination of swallowing muscles.

💎 Damage to the brain regions controlling cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus) increases aspiration risk.

💎 Early dysphagia screening post-CVA is critical to prevent aspiration pneumonia.

A patient with exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS)

💎 MS causes demyelination in the central nervous system, disrupting nerve conduction to swallowing muscles.

💎 During exacerbations, muscle weakness and poor coordination can severely impair swallowing.

💎 Speech-language therapy evaluation is often needed during flare-ups.

A patient with advanced Parkinson disease

💎Parkinson disease affects the basal ganglia, causing bradykinesia and rigidity that slow the swallowing reflex.

💎 Patients may have oropharyngeal muscle dysfunction and reduced saliva control.

💎These impairments lead to a high risk of choking and aspiration during meals.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Breaks down large protein molecules
Activated by hydrochloric acid
Produces protein-splitting action
Acts as a protein-specific gastric enzyme

Rationale :

Breaks down large protein molecules

💎 Pepsin is an endopeptidase that initiates the gastric phase of protein digestion, cleaving internal peptide bonds in complex proteins.

💎 It reduces intact proteins to shorter polypeptides/oligopeptides, creating far more end sites for later enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin) to finish digestion.

💎 This early reduction in molecular size speeds amino‑acid availability and improves overall digestive efficiency.

Activated by hydrochloric acid

💎 Pepsin is secreted by chief cells as pepsinogen (inactive zymogen); HCl from parietal cells lowers the intragastric pH to ~1.5–2.0, enabling acid‑mediated activation to pepsin.

💎 Once formed, pepsin can autocatalytically activate additional pepsinogen, amplifying proteolysis in the stomach.

💎 When the pH rises (>6, e.g., after bicarbonate enters the duodenum or with potent antacid/PPI use), pepsin activity is markedly reduced or inactivated.

Produces protein‑splitting action

💎 Pepsin performs proteolysis—a protein‑splitting hydrolysis of peptide bonds, with preference near aromatic amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine, tyrosine).

💎This yields proteoses/peptones and smaller peptides, which are ideal substrates for pancreatic proteases.

💎 By advancing protein breakdown in the stomach, pepsin limits large undigested proteins from reaching the intestine, improving absorption downstream.

Acts as a protein‑specific gastric enzyme

💎 Pepsin is a gastric protease—specific to proteins; it does not digest carbohydrates or lipids.

💎 Its localization to the acidic stomach prevents unwanted proteolysis elsewhere and explains why it is secreted as a zymogen for tissue safety.

💎 Secretion is increased by gastrin, vagal stimulation, and protein in the stomach, aligning enzyme supply with meal composition.

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RN Nutrition Exam 1 2025

No.

1 :
Which foods are recommended for a patient with inborn metabolism biotinides deficiency? Select all that apply.

2 :
A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient. Which foods does the nurse recommend the patient add more of into her diet to prevent anemia and promote the healthy development of the fetus? Select all that apply.

3 :
The nurse is reviewing the medication list for a kidney transplant patient exhibiting signs of increased protein catabolism and negative nitrogen balance. Which medication on the patient's list would the nurse suspect is the most likely cause?

5 :
The nurse is teaching a group of college students about eating a healthy diet. The nurse should include which important points about carbohydrates during the teaching session? Select all that apply.

6 :
The student nurse is teaching a group of older adults about decreasing added sugars in their diets. Which statement made by the student requires correction?

7 :
The student nurse is teaching a group of older adults about decreasing added sugars in their diets. Which statement made by the student requires correction?

8 :
How is body fat percentage determined using bioelectrical impedance (BIA)?

9 :
The nurse is reviewing medical records of patients on the unit. Which patients are at a high risk for dysphagia? Select all that apply.

10 :
What are the roles of pepsin in the breakdown of protein? Select all that apply.

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RN Nutrition Exam 1 2025

No.

1 : Which foods are recommended for a patient with inborn metabolism biotinides deficiency? Select all that apply.

2 : A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient. Which foods does the nurse recommend the patient add more of into her diet to prevent anemia and promote the healthy development of the fetus? Select all that apply.

3 : The nurse is reviewing the medication list for a kidney transplant patient exhibiting signs of increased protein catabolism and negative nitrogen balance. Which medication on the patient's list would the nurse suspect is the most likely cause?

5 : The nurse is teaching a group of college students about eating a healthy diet. The nurse should include which important points about carbohydrates during the teaching session? Select all that apply.

6 : The student nurse is teaching a group of older adults about decreasing added sugars in their diets. Which statement made by the student requires correction?

7 : The student nurse is teaching a group of older adults about decreasing added sugars in their diets. Which statement made by the student requires correction?

8 : How is body fat percentage determined using bioelectrical impedance (BIA)?

9 : The nurse is reviewing medical records of patients on the unit. Which patients are at a high risk for dysphagia? Select all that apply.

10 : What are the roles of pepsin in the breakdown of protein? Select all that apply.

1 :
Which foods are recommended for a patient with inborn metabolism biotinides deficiency? Select all that apply.

2 :
A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient. Which foods does the nurse recommend the patient add more of into her diet to prevent anemia and promote the healthy development of the fetus? Select all that apply.

3 :
The nurse is reviewing the medication list for a kidney transplant patient exhibiting signs of increased protein catabolism and negative nitrogen balance. Which medication on the patient's list would the nurse suspect is the most likely cause?

5 :
The nurse is teaching a group of college students about eating a healthy diet. The nurse should include which important points about carbohydrates during the teaching session? Select all that apply.

6 :
The student nurse is teaching a group of older adults about decreasing added sugars in their diets. Which statement made by the student requires correction?

7 :
The student nurse is teaching a group of older adults about decreasing added sugars in their diets. Which statement made by the student requires correction?

8 :
How is body fat percentage determined using bioelectrical impedance (BIA)?

9 :
The nurse is reviewing medical records of patients on the unit. Which patients are at a high risk for dysphagia? Select all that apply.

10 :
What are the roles of pepsin in the breakdown of protein? Select all that apply.