Question

An abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably is called:

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

orthopnea

Rationale :

🔷 Orthopnea refers to difficulty breathing when lying flat and improves upon sitting or standing.

🔷 It is commonly associated with heart failure and chronic pulmonary conditions.

🔷 It differentiates from dyspnea, which is general breathing difficulty.

🔷 The upright position reduces venous return, relieving pulmonary congestion.

🔷 Patients often report sleeping propped up on pillows to ease symptoms.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

an individualized plan of care

Rationale :

🟢 The goal of a nursing assessment is to gather comprehensive, patient-specific data.

🟢 These data help form a personalized care plan tailored to the client’s physical, emotional, and social needs.

🟢 It includes both objective and subjective findings, guiding interventions.

🟢 The nurse addresses not only the diagnosis but client preferences and safety.

🟢 Without this foundation, nursing care becomes generic and less effective.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

chronic disease

Rationale :

♦ Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition requiring continuous management.

♦ It is not curable but can be controlled with medications and lifestyle changes.

♦ It involves metabolic dysregulation, particularly with insulin production or function.

♦ The course of diabetes is long-term and may lead to complications without management.

♦ Chronic illnesses like this need patient education and follow-up.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Crackles

Rationale :

✳️ Crackles are short, discrete, non-musical breath sounds heard during inspiration.

✳️ They are associated with alveolar fluid or collapsed alveoli reopening.

✳️ Common in conditions like pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and fibrosis.

✳️ Crackles are not cleared by coughing, unlike some other sounds.

✳️ They are classified as fine or coarse, depending on tone and duration.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

diaphoresis

Rationale :

💠 Diaphoresis is excessive sweating that is typically stress or temperature-induced.

💠 It can also be caused by fever, hypoglycemia, or myocardial infarction.

💠 Sympathetic nervous system activation plays a key role in its onset.

💠 Diaphoresis is a visible sign and may indicate clinical deterioration.

💠 It often accompanies pain, anxiety, or infection in medical scenarios.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

review of systems

Rationale :

🟣 Review of systems (ROS) involves a systematic inquiry into each body system.

🟣 It includes checking for changes, complaints, or dysfunctions in all systems.

🟣 ROS is a structured and comprehensive tool used during physical assessments.

🟣 This method allows for early identification of systemic issues.

🟣 It complements the subjective and objective data collected in other parts of the assessment.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

wheezing

Rationale :

🟡 Wheezing is a high-pitched, musical respiratory sound typically heard on expiration.

🟡 It occurs due to airflow through narrowed or inflamed airways.

🟡 Common in asthma, COPD, and allergic reactions.

🟡 It indicates bronchospasm or obstruction, which may need immediate intervention.

🟡 Often audible without a stethoscope in severe cases.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Blood pressure 145/84
Unexplained weight gain since his last clinic visit 1 month ago
2+ edema in J.M's legs

Rationale :

✅ P 145/84 – Objective measurement that is observable and recordable, classifying it as a sign.

✅ Unexplained weight gain – Weight can be measured and indicates fluid retention, a common sign in CHF.

✅ 2+ leg edema – Visible and palpable, this is a classic sign of fluid accumulation.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

bruit

Rationale :

🔴 A bruit is an abnormal swishing sound over an artery, heard with a stethoscope.

🔴 It is caused by turbulent blood flow, often due to narrowing or plaque buildup.

🔴 Common locations include the carotid arteries and abdominal aorta.

🔴 It is a key assessment in identifying vascular compromise or atherosclerosis.

🔴 The nurse should report new bruits promptly to prevent stroke or ischemia.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

closing of the AV valves

Rationale :

🟢 The "lub" (S1) sound occurs with the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves.

🟢 These include the mitral and tricuspid valves, which close at the start of systole.

🟢 The sound signals the beginning of ventricular contraction.

🟢 It is best heard at the apex of the heart using the diaphragm of the stethoscope.

🟢 Accurate auscultation helps assess valvular function and rhythm.

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LPN Fundamentals Physical Assessment Exam

No.

1 :
An abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably is called:

2 :
A nursing assessment is a process of collecting data to establish a database. The information contained in the database is the basis for:

3 :
When the patient asked the nurse how long it would take to "get over" the diabetes, the nurse explained that she will have this disease throughout her life. Diabetes mellitus is considered a/an:

4 :
Short, discrete, interrupted crackling or bubbling adventitious breath sounds heard most commonly on inspiration is termed:

5 :
The profuse secretion of sweat associated with an elevated body temperature, certain disease conditions, physical exertion, exposure to heat and mental or emotional stress is termed:

6 :
The nurse uses a systematic method for collecting data on all body systems including normal functioning and any noted changes. This system is:

7 :
Adventitious breath sounds that have a whistling or sighing sound due to narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passage are termed:

8 :
A nurse is collecting data from a 70-year-old man who has coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension (HTN) Which of the following findings will the nurse report as "signs?" (select all that apply)

9 :
As the assessment continues the nurse notes an abnormal swishing sound with auscultation of the carotid artery. The term for this sound is:

10 :
Auscultation of the heart sounds will result in a rub-up sound when using the bell and the diaphragm of the stethoscope. The lub part of the sound is caused by the:

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LPN Fundamentals Physical Assessment Exam

No.

1 : An abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably is called:

2 : A nursing assessment is a process of collecting data to establish a database. The information contained in the database is the basis for:

3 : When the patient asked the nurse how long it would take to "get over" the diabetes, the nurse explained that she will have this disease throughout her life. Diabetes mellitus is considered a/an:

4 : Short, discrete, interrupted crackling or bubbling adventitious breath sounds heard most commonly on inspiration is termed:

5 : The profuse secretion of sweat associated with an elevated body temperature, certain disease conditions, physical exertion, exposure to heat and mental or emotional stress is termed:

6 : The nurse uses a systematic method for collecting data on all body systems including normal functioning and any noted changes. This system is:

7 : Adventitious breath sounds that have a whistling or sighing sound due to narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passage are termed:

8 : A nurse is collecting data from a 70-year-old man who has coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension (HTN) Which of the following findings will the nurse report as "signs?" (select all that apply)

9 : As the assessment continues the nurse notes an abnormal swishing sound with auscultation of the carotid artery. The term for this sound is:

10 : Auscultation of the heart sounds will result in a rub-up sound when using the bell and the diaphragm of the stethoscope. The lub part of the sound is caused by the:

1 :
An abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or comfortably is called:

2 :
A nursing assessment is a process of collecting data to establish a database. The information contained in the database is the basis for:

3 :
When the patient asked the nurse how long it would take to "get over" the diabetes, the nurse explained that she will have this disease throughout her life. Diabetes mellitus is considered a/an:

4 :
Short, discrete, interrupted crackling or bubbling adventitious breath sounds heard most commonly on inspiration is termed:

5 :
The profuse secretion of sweat associated with an elevated body temperature, certain disease conditions, physical exertion, exposure to heat and mental or emotional stress is termed:

6 :
The nurse uses a systematic method for collecting data on all body systems including normal functioning and any noted changes. This system is:

7 :
Adventitious breath sounds that have a whistling or sighing sound due to narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passage are termed:

8 :
A nurse is collecting data from a 70-year-old man who has coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension (HTN) Which of the following findings will the nurse report as "signs?" (select all that apply)

9 :
As the assessment continues the nurse notes an abnormal swishing sound with auscultation of the carotid artery. The term for this sound is:

10 :
Auscultation of the heart sounds will result in a rub-up sound when using the bell and the diaphragm of the stethoscope. The lub part of the sound is caused by the: