Question

Reference Range: Sodium [136 to 145 mEq/L (136 to 145 mmol/L)]

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Salted crackers.

Rationale :

🧂 Salted crackers are the best choice because they contain sodium, which can help increase sodium intake in a client who has a low sodium level (hyponatremia).

🧂 The normal sodium range is 136–145 mEq/L, and a decreased sodium level can lead to symptoms such as headache, confusion, weakness, seizures, and neurological changes.

🧂 Dietary sodium sources may be recommended when appropriate, depending on the severity and cause of the hyponatremia.

🧂 Salted foods can help provide additional sodium while the underlying cause of the imbalance is treated.

🧂 Therefore, salted crackers are the most appropriate option among the choices.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

2

Rationale :

Formula:

mL to administer=Dose ordered (mg) ÷ Dose available (mg/mL)

Step 1: Identify values

Ordered dose: 8 mg

Available: 4 mg/mL

Step 2: Calculate

8 mg ÷ 4 mg/mL=2 mL

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Nystagmus
Irregular heart rhythm
Dizziness

Rationale :

🩺 B. Nystagmus should be followed up because abnormal eye movements can indicate a vestibular or neurological problem.

🩺 This client has dizziness, nausea, and ear fullness, which may suggest a vestibular disorder such as vertigo, and nystagmus can help determine the cause.

🩺 In an older adult with a history of TIA, new neurological findings require prompt assessment.

🩺 D. Irregular heart rhythm requires follow-up because the client has a history of atrial fibrillation.

🩺 An irregular rhythm increases the risk of decreased cardiac output and thromboembolic events, especially since the client is not taking apixaban as prescribed.

🩺 The PN should assess rhythm changes and monitor for complications related to atrial fibrillation.

🩺 G. Dizziness requires immediate follow-up because it is the client’s main presenting complaint and is associated with an unsteady gait, increasing the risk of falls.

🩺 Persistent dizziness in an older adult may indicate vestibular dysfunction, medication effects, cardiovascular issues, or neurological changes.

🩺 Further assessment is needed to determine the cause and prevent injury.

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Answer 4

Correct Highlights :

Dietary changes
Medication management
Lifestyle modifications
Rehabilitation therapies

Rationale :

🌀 Medication management teaches the client how to use prescribed medications to control vertigo, nausea, and prevent attacks.

🌀 Lifestyle modifications may include avoiding triggers, preventing falls, and managing stress.

🌀 Dietary changes such as reducing sodium intake may help decrease fluid retention in the inner ear and reduce Ménière attacks.

🌀 Rehabilitation therapies such as vestibular rehabilitation can help improve balance and reduce dizziness symptoms.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers

Abstain from making sudden head movements [ Appropriate ]
Increase caffeine consumption [ Not appropriate ]
Stop activity when dizziness begins [ Appropriate ]
Adhere to a low salt diet [ Appropriate ]
Avoid flickering lights [ Not appropriate ]

Rationale :

Abstain from making sudden head movements — Appropriate

🌀 Sudden head movements can worsen vertigo symptoms. Moving slowly helps reduce dizziness and decreases fall risk.

Stop activity when dizziness begins — Appropriate

🌀 The client should stop activity, sit or lie down, and avoid injury during a vertigo episode.

Adhere to a low salt diet — Appropriate

🌀 Reducing sodium intake helps decrease fluid retention in the inner ear and may reduce the frequency of Ménière disease attacks.

❌ Increase caffeine consumption — Not Appropriate

🌀 Caffeine can worsen Ménière disease symptoms by affecting inner ear fluid balance and may trigger vertigo episodes.

❌ Avoid flickering lights — Not Appropriate

🌀 Flickering lights are more commonly associated with migraine triggers, not Ménière disease. They are not a primary lifestyle modification for this condition.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers

Blank 1 Correct Option: avoiding
Blank 2 Correct Option: sudden position changes
Blank 3 Correct Option: will help
Blank 4 Correct Option: decrease nausea

Rationale :

The PN determines that the client understands the education when they verbalize that:

✅ Avoiding sudden position changes

➡️ will help prevent headaches ❌ (not the best match)

Let's match the options correctly:

✅ Avoiding sudden position changes → will help decrease nausea

Avoiding sudden position changes will help decrease nausea. ✅

🌀 Clients with Ménière disease should avoid sudden movements because quick position changes can trigger vertigo episodes.

🌀 Vertigo can lead to associated symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.

🌀 Moving slowly and changing positions gradually helps reduce symptoms and improves safety.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Maintain a quiet, calm, darkened environment.

Rationale :

🧠 A client with meningitis is at risk for seizures because inflammation and irritation of the meninges can increase neurological excitability.

🧠 A quiet, calm, darkened environment reduces external stimulation that may trigger seizure activity.

🧠 Decreasing noise, light, and unnecessary interruptions helps reduce cerebral irritation and promotes rest.

🧠 Seizure precautions focus on preventing triggers, maintaining safety, and protecting the client during possible seizure activity.

🧠 This intervention is especially important for clients with meningitis because they may experience photophobia, headache, and increased sensitivity to stimuli.

🧠 Therefore, the PN should maintain a quiet, calm, darkened environment.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Observe the skin around the wound

Rationale :

🦠 The PN should observe the skin around the wound because cellulitis is an infection of the skin and underlying tissues.

🦠 Assessment focuses on signs of spreading infection, including redness, warmth, swelling, tenderness, and the size of the affected area.

🦠 Observing the surrounding skin helps determine whether the cellulitis is improving or worsening.

🦠 The nurse should also monitor for systemic signs of infection such as fever and increased heart rate.

🦠 Since cellulitis involves inflammation extending beyond the wound itself, the area around the wound provides important assessment information.

🦠 Therefore, the best action is to observe the skin around the wound.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Ask the client about any changes in vision.

Rationale :

👁️ The PN should first ask the client about any changes in vision because a milky white appearance of the pupils is consistent with cataracts, and the nurse needs to assess the impact on the client’s vision.

👁️ Cataracts cause clouding of the lens, which can make the pupil appear cloudy or milky white.

👁️ The nurse should assess for symptoms such as blurred vision, decreased visual acuity, glare sensitivity, or difficulty seeing at night.

👁️ Assessment should occur before reporting findings unless there is an immediate emergency.

👁️ Gathering additional information helps determine whether the condition has changed or requires further intervention.

👁️ Therefore, the next action is to ask the client about changes in vision.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Semi Fowler's.

Rationale :

🫁 The PN should position the client in Semi-Fowler’s position because elevating the head of the bed promotes lung expansion and improves ventilation in clients with pneumonia and impaired gas exchange.

🫁 Upright positioning allows the diaphragm to move downward, increasing lung capacity and improving oxygen exchange.

🫁 This position also helps decrease the work of breathing and promotes easier coughing and secretion clearance.

🫁 Clients with pneumonia often have difficulty exchanging oxygen due to inflammation and fluid in the affected lung tissue.

🫁 Semi-Fowler’s is a general therapeutic position for clients experiencing respiratory problems.

🫁 Therefore, the best position is Semi-Fowler’s.

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Teaching Point	Appropriate	Not appropriate
Abstain from making sudden head movements
Increase caffeine consumption
Stop activity when dizziness begins
Adhere to a low salt diet
Avoid flickering lights

MedicalSurgical 1

No.

1 :
Reference Range: Sodium [136 to 145 mEq/L (136 to 145 mmol/L)]

2 :
A client who has atopic dermatitis receives a prescription for a one time dose of dexamethasone 8 mg intramuscularly. The medication is available in 4 mg/mL vial. How many mL should the practical nurse (PN) administer? (Enter numerical value only

3 :
A Patient Data History and Physical

Answer Options

4 :
A Patient Data, History and Physical, Nurses' Notes, Laboratory Results, Flow Sheet, Orders

Correct Highlights :

5 :
The practical nurse (PN) re-educates the client on prescribed medications.

Correct Answers

6 :
The practical nurse (PN) prepares to discharge the client home.

Correct Answers

7 :
A client with meningitis is in a coma and nursing care includes seizure precautions. To help prevent seizure activity, which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement?

8 :
The nurse is caring for a client with cellulitis from a stab wound. To assess the cellulitis, which action should the practical nurse (PN) take?

9 :
While performing a routine assessment of a bedfast client who has bilateral cataracts, the practical nurse (PN) observes that the client's pupils appear milky white Which action should the PN take next?

10 :
The practical nurse (PN) is providing morning care for a client with the nursing problem, "Inadequate gas exchange related to right upper lobe pneumonia." Which position is best for the PN to position the client?

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MedicalSurgical 1

No.

1 : Reference Range: Sodium [136 to 145 mEq/L (136 to 145 mmol/L)]

2 : A client who has atopic dermatitis receives a prescription for a one time dose of dexamethasone 8 mg intramuscularly. The medication is available in 4 mg/mL vial. How many mL should the practical nurse (PN) administer? (Enter numerical value only

3 : A Patient Data History and Physical

Answer Options

4 : A Patient Data, History and Physical, Nurses' Notes, Laboratory Results, Flow Sheet, Orders

Correct Highlights :

5 : The practical nurse (PN) re-educates the client on prescribed medications.

Correct Answers

6 : The practical nurse (PN) prepares to discharge the client home.

Correct Answers

7 : A client with meningitis is in a coma and nursing care includes seizure precautions. To help prevent seizure activity, which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement?

8 : The nurse is caring for a client with cellulitis from a stab wound. To assess the cellulitis, which action should the practical nurse (PN) take?

9 : While performing a routine assessment of a bedfast client who has bilateral cataracts, the practical nurse (PN) observes that the client's pupils appear milky white Which action should the PN take next?

10 : The practical nurse (PN) is providing morning care for a client with the nursing problem, "Inadequate gas exchange related to right upper lobe pneumonia." Which position is best for the PN to position the client?

1 :
Reference Range: Sodium [136 to 145 mEq/L (136 to 145 mmol/L)]

2 :
A client who has atopic dermatitis receives a prescription for a one time dose of dexamethasone 8 mg intramuscularly. The medication is available in 4 mg/mL vial. How many mL should the practical nurse (PN) administer? (Enter numerical value only

3 :
A Patient Data History and Physical

4 :
A Patient Data, History and Physical, Nurses' Notes, Laboratory Results, Flow Sheet, Orders

5 :
The practical nurse (PN) re-educates the client on prescribed medications.

6 :
The practical nurse (PN) prepares to discharge the client home.

7 :
A client with meningitis is in a coma and nursing care includes seizure precautions. To help prevent seizure activity, which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement?

8 :
The nurse is caring for a client with cellulitis from a stab wound. To assess the cellulitis, which action should the practical nurse (PN) take?

9 :
While performing a routine assessment of a bedfast client who has bilateral cataracts, the practical nurse (PN) observes that the client's pupils appear milky white Which action should the PN take next?

10 :
The practical nurse (PN) is providing morning care for a client with the nursing problem, "Inadequate gas exchange related to right upper lobe pneumonia." Which position is best for the PN to position the client?