1 :

Postoperative Day 3, 0900:

Client reports pain at surgical incision site as 5 on a scale of 0 to 10. Client reports bladder fullness. Perineal dressing intact with minimal serosanguinous drainage. Client transferring out of bed to chair independently. Extremities cool and dry with 2+ peripheral pulses.

1300:

Client reports abdominal cramping and small, hard, painful bowel movement after lunch. Ambulating independently in hallway.

Reports pain as 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. Urinary catheter intact with 100 mL/hr of pink urine.

Postoperative Day 3, 0600:

1,400 mL pink urine output over 12 hr

1,800 mL fluid intake over 12 hr


Select the 2 actions the nurse should prepare to take for the client.


Answer Options

Hint : 🚽 Prostatectomy postoperative care

Correct Answers:

  • Assist the client with a sitz bath.
  • Encourage oral fluid intake.


Rationale :

Assist the client with a sitz bath

🌻 A sitz bath is appropriate after a prostatectomy because warm water immersion helps promote perineal comfort, cleanliness, and healing after surgery.

🌻 The client has a perineal dressing with minimal serosanguinous drainage, which is an expected finding during the postoperative period.

🌻 A sitz bath can reduce perineal discomfort and muscle tension while supporting hygiene around the surgical area.

🌻 This intervention is especially helpful after procedures involving the prostate because the perineal region may experience swelling and soreness.

🌻 The nurse should ensure the incision area is monitored for signs of infection, increased bleeding, or abnormal drainage.

🌻 Providing comfort measures helps improve recovery while avoiding unnecessary manipulation of the surgical site.

🌻Assisting with a sitz bath is a safe and beneficial postoperative intervention.

Encourage oral fluid intake

🌻 Encouraging oral fluid intake is appropriate because hydration helps maintain urinary flow and catheter patency after prostatectomy.

🌻 The client has an indwelling urinary catheter with 100 mL/hr of pink urine, which is an expected postoperative finding due to mild bleeding from the surgical area.

🌻 Adequate fluid intake helps prevent the formation of blood clots in the bladder that could obstruct catheter drainage.

🌻 Increased fluids also promote bladder irrigation naturally by maintaining continuous urine production.

🌻 The nurse should continue monitoring urine color, amount, and catheter function.

🌻 Fluid intake supports recovery and reduces the risk of urinary complications after prostate surgery.

🌻 Encouraging fluids is an appropriate nursing action for this client.


Distractor Analysis :

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2 :

Hint : 🧠 Personality disorder independence

Correct Answers:

  • Encourage the client to be assertive.


Rationale :

🌼 Encouraging assertiveness is appropriate for a client with dependent personality disorder because the primary goal of treatment is to promote independence, confidence, and decision-making skills.

🌼 Clients with dependent personality disorder often have an excessive need to be taken care of, difficulty making decisions independently, and fear of separation or rejection.

🌼 Teaching the client to express opinions, needs, and preferences helps build self-esteem and reduces reliance on others.

🌼 The caregiver should provide support while allowing the client opportunities to make choices and develop problem-solving abilities.

🌼 Encouraging independence helps prevent reinforcement of dependent behaviors that maintain the disorder.

🌼 The nurse should promote a therapeutic environment that balances assistance with opportunities for self-management.

🌼 Developing assertiveness is an important step toward improving functioning and autonomy.


Distractor Analysis :

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3 :

1000:

Client admitted to behavioral health unit for prolonged weight loss and refusal to eat. Client collapsed at school and was too weak to walk to the nurse's office. The client's guardians were called to the school. They contacted the primary care provider, who arranged for a direct admit.

Weight 37.19 kg (82 lb)

Height 157.48 cm (62 in)

BMI 15

1200:

Client observed during noon meal. Client pushed food around plate. Intake 10% of meal. Offered nutritional supplement. Declined. Reports feeling anxious due to admission and mealtime. Client states, "I cannot eat this with you watching me."

1500:

Snack provided. Client observed opening package of crackers and throwing contents into the trash can. When client realized they had been observed, they admitted to their action and asked for a second snack. Observed client consuming 100% of crackers and peanut butter snack. Client states, "I just have to follow your plan and I can go home."

1130:

Sodium 145 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)

Potassium 2.8 mEq/L (3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L)

Chloride 110 mEq/L (98 to 106 mEq/L)

BUN 20 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)

Magnesium 1.2 mEq/L (1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L)

Total calcium 9.5 mg/dL (9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL)

Phosphate 3.2 mg/dL (3.0 to 4.5 mg/dL)

Glucose 74 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL)

Total protein 4.8 g/dL (6.4 to 8.3 g/dL)

Albumin 2.7 g/dL (3.5 to 5.0 g/dL)

1000:

Temperature 36.1° C (97° F)

Heart rate 50/min

Respiratory rate 16/min

Blood pressure 90/62 mm Hg

Oxygen saturation 98% on room air

1400:

Temperature 36.2° C (97.2° F)

Heart rate 48/min

Respiratory rate 16/min

Blood pressure 88/60 mm Hg

Oxygen saturation 99% room air

1000:

Skin dry and flaky, lanugo. Calluses noted on first and second knuckle on right hand. Lips are dry and chapped. Hair thin and dull, buccal mucosa dry.

Diminished bowel sounds. Abdomen swollen and bloated. Lungs clear to auscultation. Respirations regular and unlabored. Heart rate regular, 50/min.

Client reports no menstrual cycle for past 3 months. Client reports feeling depressed. Reports starting to avoid all carbohydrates and sugar 6 months ago because they "felt fat" compared to the "popular kids at school." Recent vacation with family, began vomiting after meals "because they made me eat." No allergies noted.

ECG sinus bradycardia


Drag from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing , 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition and , and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress and .


Hint : 🍽️ Eating disorder stabilization

Correct Answers

  • Blank 1 Correct Option: Anorexia nervosa.
  • Blank 2 Correct Option: Provide a structured meal environment.
  • Blank 3 Correct Option: Focus on the client's underlying feelings of dysphoria.
  • Blank 4 Correct Option: Cardiac function with ECG.
  • Blank 5 Correct Option: Weight on a daily basis.

Rationale :

Potential Condition:

✅ Anorexia nervosa

🌻 The client is experiencing anorexia nervosa because the findings show severe restriction of food intake, intense fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and significantly low body weight.

🌻 The client has a BMI of 15, which indicates severe underweight status, and reports avoiding carbohydrates and sugar because they “felt fat.”

🌻 Physical findings including lanugo, dry skin, thin hair, amenorrhea, hypotension, sinus bradycardia, and electrolyte abnormalities are classic complications of anorexia nervosa.

🌻 The client’s behavior of throwing food away and restricting intake supports an eating disorder characterized by intentional caloric restriction.

🌻 The client’s vomiting episode occurred after being forced to eat, but the main pattern is restriction rather than recurrent binge-purge behavior.

🌻 Treatment focuses on nutritional rehabilitation, structured meals, and addressing distorted thoughts about body image and food.

Actions to Take

✅ Provide a structured meal environment

🌻 A structured meal environment is appropriate because clients with anorexia nervosa often have severe anxiety around eating and may engage in behaviors to avoid food intake.

🌻 Supervised meals help ensure the client consumes adequate nutrition and prevent behaviors such as discarding food or hiding meals.

🌻 Consistent meal routines reduce anxiety and provide a predictable therapeutic setting.

🌻 The nurse should provide support while maintaining clear expectations regarding nutritional goals.

✅ Focus on the client's underlying feelings of dysphoria

🌻 Addressing the client’s underlying emotional distress is important because anorexia nervosa is associated with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and distorted body image.

🌻 The client reports feeling depressed and believes they are “fat” despite being significantly underweight.

🌻 Exploring these feelings helps identify triggers for restrictive behaviors and promotes healthier coping mechanisms.

🌻 Psychological support is essential along with nutritional restoration for long-term recovery.

Parameters to Monitor

✅ Weight on a daily basis

🌻 Daily weight monitoring evaluates progress toward nutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration.

🌻 The client’s BMI of 15 indicates severe malnutrition requiring close monitoring.

🌻 Weight trends help determine whether the treatment plan is effective and whether nutritional goals are being achieved.

🌻 Monitoring must be careful because rapid nutritional changes can increase the risk of refeeding complications.

✅ Cardiac function with ECG

🌻 ECG monitoring is necessary because the client has sinus bradycardia and electrolyte abnormalities, including potassium of 2.8 mEq/L and magnesium of 1.2 mEq/L.

🌻 Low potassium and magnesium levels increase the risk of life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.

🌻 Severe malnutrition can weaken cardiac muscle and cause conduction abnormalities.

🌻 Monitoring cardiac function helps identify complications early and guide treatment.

Potential conditions

❌ Bulimia nervosa

🌻 Bulimia nervosa involves episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives.

🌻 Clients with bulimia often have a normal or slightly increased body weight, unlike this client who has severe underweight status with a BMI of 15.

🌻 Physical findings may include dental enamel erosion, enlarged parotid glands, sore throat, and electrolyte abnormalities caused by repeated vomiting.

🌻 This client did report vomiting after being forced to eat, but the primary pattern is restriction and food avoidance, which supports anorexia nervosa rather than bulimia nervosa.

❌ Binge eating disorder

🌻 Binge eating disorder involves repeated episodes of consuming large amounts of food with a feeling of loss of control, without regular compensatory behaviors.

🌻 Clients commonly experience overweight or obesity due to excessive caloric intake.

🌻 The client demonstrates the opposite pattern, with severe restriction, weight loss, and avoidance of foods.

🌻 The absence of binge episodes makes this diagnosis unlikely.

❌ Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)

🌻 Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) involves food restriction due to factors such as lack of interest in eating, sensory sensitivity, or fear of negative consequences like choking or vomiting.

🌻 ARFID does not typically involve a distorted body image or fear of being fat.

🌻 This client restricts food because they feel “fat” compared with others, which is a key feature of anorexia nervosa.

🌻 The psychological motivation behind the restriction differentiates anorexia nervosa from ARFID.

Actions

❌ Encourage the client to limit fasting

🌻 Limiting fasting is not the goal because the client should not continue restrictive eating behaviors.

🌻 The priority is restoring adequate nutrition and preventing complications of starvation.

❌ Accept the client’s belief about "forbidden" foods

🌻 Accepting distorted beliefs about foods reinforces the eating disorder.

🌻 The nurse should acknowledge the client’s feelings while helping challenge unhealthy food restrictions.

❌ Provide the client with foods that have a variety of textures

🌻 Food texture variety is not the priority intervention for anorexia nervosa.

🌻 The priority is adequate caloric intake, structured meals, and addressing psychological factors.

Parameters

❌ Calcium level

🌻 Calcium monitoring may be relevant in long-term malnutrition, but it is not the priority concern in this client.

🌻 Cardiac monitoring and weight restoration are more urgent due to current instability.

❌ Vital signs every 8 hr

🌻 Routine vital sign monitoring every 8 hours is insufficient because the client already has hypotension and bradycardia.

🌻 More frequent monitoring may be required due to the risk of deterioration.

❌ Behavior 15 min after meals

🌻 Monitoring after meals is commonly associated with bulimia nervosa to observe for purging behaviors.

🌻 This client’s primary disorder is restrictive eating consistent with anorexia nervosa.


Distractor Analysis :

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4 :

Hint : 🕉️ Hindu death rituals

Correct Answers:

  • To cremate the client's body


Rationale :

🌻 Cremation is the expected request from the family of a client who is a devout follower of Hinduism because many Hindu traditions view cremation as a way to allow the soul to transition from the physical body.

🌻 Hindu beliefs commonly emphasize the importance of separating the spiritual self (soul) from the physical body after death.

🌻 The nurse should provide culturally sensitive postmortem care by respecting the family’s religious beliefs, rituals, and preferences.

🌻 The family may request that the body be handled with respect and dignity before arrangements are made for cremation.

🌻 The nurse should communicate with the family to determine any specific practices they want followed during postmortem care.

🌻 Respecting cultural and spiritual preferences supports the family’s grieving process and promotes patient dignity after death.

🌻 Understanding common religious practices helps nurses provide holistic and individualized end-of-life care.


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5 :

Hint : 💊 Client identification safety

Correct Answers:

  • ''Is your name Victoria?"


Rationale :

🌼 Asking "Is your name Victoria?" helps verify the client’s identity before medication administration by confirming one of the required client identifiers.

🌼 The nurse should use at least two identifiers, such as the client’s name and date of birth or medical record number, before administering any medication.

🌼 Confirming the client’s name reduces the risk of wrong-client medication errors and promotes safe medication practices.

🌼 The nurse should compare the client’s response with the identification band and medication administration record (MAR) before giving the medication.

🌼 Identity verification is a critical step in the rights of medication administration.

🌼 Using approved identifiers protects clients from preventable adverse events.


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6 :

Day 1:

WBC count 4,500/mm3 (5,000 to 10,000/mm3)

RBC count 3.2 million/mm3 (4.2 to 5.4 million/mm3)

Hgb 11 g/dL (12 to 16 g/dL)

Hct 46% (37% to 47%)

Platelets 145,000/mm3 (150,000 to 400,000/mm3)

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 40 mm/hr (up to 20 mm/hr)

Urinalysis:

pH 5.0 (4.6 to 8.0)

Specific gravity 1.0 (1.010 to 1.025)

Protein 10 mg/dL (0 to 8 mg/dL)

Glucose negative (negative)

WBC count 2 (0 to 4 per low-power field)

Temperature 38.4° C (101.1° F)

Heart rate 82/min

Respiratory rate 20/min

Blood pressure 138/74 mm Hg

Oxygen saturation 97% on room air

Female client reports new onset of fever and discomfort in their joints and increased malaise. No relevant medical history. Client is alert to person, place, time, and situation. Reports generalized pain as 4 on a scale of 0 to 10. Macular rash present on cheeks bilateral. Lungs clear anterior and posterior. Bowel sounds active in all four quadrants. Last bowel movement 1 day ago. Skin warm, dry, and intact. Capillary refill less than 3 seconds. #20 Gauge IV inserted in back left hand.


Select from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing , 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition and , and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress and .


Hint : 🦋 Autoimmune disease pattern

Correct Answers

  • Blank 1 Correct Option: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • Blank 2 Correct Option: Encourage client to avoid direct sunlight.
  • Blank 3 Correct Option: Anticipate administering prescribed immunosuppressant medication.
  • Blank 4 Correct Option: Urine protein.
  • Blank 5 Correct Option: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Rationale :

Potential Condition

✅ Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

🌼 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most likely condition because the client presents with fever, joint discomfort, malaise, bilateral macular cheek rash, elevated ESR, and mild proteinuria.

🌼 The malar (butterfly) rash on the cheeks is a classic finding associated with SLE and results from autoimmune inflammation affecting the skin.

🌼 SLE is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks healthy tissues, causing inflammation in multiple organs.

🌼 The client’s elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) indicates an inflammatory process consistent with autoimmune activity.

🌼 Mild proteinuria suggests possible early renal involvement (lupus nephritis), which is a common complication of SLE.

🌼 The decreased WBC count, RBC count, hemoglobin, and platelets can occur due to autoimmune destruction or bone marrow suppression associated with SLE.

🌼 Management focuses on controlling inflammation, preventing organ damage, and monitoring for disease progression.

Actions to Take

✅ Encourage client to avoid direct sunlight

🌼 Clients with SLE should avoid excessive sunlight exposure because ultraviolet (UV) light can trigger or worsen disease flares.

🌼 UV exposure can increase autoimmune activity and worsen skin manifestations such as the malar rash.

🌼 The nurse should teach the client to use sun protection measures, including sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding peak sunlight hours.

🌼 Reducing UV exposure helps prevent worsening of symptoms and promotes disease control.

✅ Anticipate administering prescribed immunosuppressant medication

🌼 Immunosuppressants are used in SLE to reduce abnormal immune system activity and decrease inflammation.

🌼 SLE occurs because the immune system attacks normal body tissues, leading to widespread inflammatory damage.

🌼 Medications that suppress immune activity help control symptoms and prevent complications involving organs such as the kidneys.

🌼 The nurse should monitor for infection risk because immunosuppressive therapy decreases immune defenses.

Parameters to Monitor

✅ Urine protein

🌼 Monitoring urine protein is important because SLE can cause lupus nephritis, an inflammatory kidney complication.

🌼 Proteinuria may indicate kidney involvement and worsening autoimmune damage.

🌼 Early detection allows prompt treatment to prevent progression to renal impairment.

🌼 The nurse should monitor urinalysis findings and renal function tests as prescribed.

✅ Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

🌼 Monitoring ESR helps evaluate the level of inflammation and disease activity in clients with SLE.

🌼 An elevated ESR may indicate increased autoimmune inflammation.

🌼 Trends in ESR can help determine whether treatment is controlling the inflammatory response.

🌼 Monitoring inflammatory markers supports evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness.

Conditions

❌ Psoriasis

🌼 Psoriasis is an incorrect choice because it is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by thick, scaly plaques, usually found on areas such as the elbows, knees, and scalp.

🌼 Psoriasis does not typically cause malar facial rash, proteinuria, or systemic autoimmune findings such as this client’s elevated ESR and abnormal blood counts.

❌ Sickle cell crisis

🌼 Sickle cell crisis is incorrect because it occurs due to abnormal hemoglobin causing red blood cells to sickle, leading to severe pain episodes and tissue ischemia.

🌼 Clients experiencing sickle cell crisis commonly have extremity pain, vaso-occlusive symptoms, and a history of sickle cell disease, which are not present in this client.

❌ Osteomyelitis

🌼 Osteomyelitis is incorrect because it is an infection of bone tissue, usually caused by bacteria entering the bone.

🌼 Clients with osteomyelitis typically present with localized bone pain, swelling, warmth, and possible drainage, rather than a butterfly rash and autoimmune laboratory findings.

Actions

❌ Prepare client for light therapy

🌼 Light therapy is associated with conditions such as psoriasis, not SLE.

🌼 UV exposure may actually worsen SLE symptoms.

🌼 Clients with SLE require sun protection, not intentional UV treatment.

❌ Ensure that client has intake of at least 200 mL/hr

🌼 High fluid intake is not a specific intervention for SLE.

🌼 Aggressive hydration is more commonly associated with conditions such as sickle cell crisis or prevention of kidney complications in certain situations.

🌼 SLE management focuses on immune control and monitoring organ involvement.

❌ Initiate contact precautions

🌼 Contact precautions are not indicated because SLE is not a contagious condition.

🌼 Infection prevention focuses on monitoring and protecting clients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.

🌼 Standard precautions remain appropriate unless another infection is identified.

Parameters

❌ Skin lesions

🌼 Skin findings are important in SLE, but monitoring urine protein and inflammatory markers provides better information about systemic disease activity.

🌼 SLE can affect internal organs, making systemic monitoring a priority.

❌ Vital signs every 4 hr

🌼 Vital signs should be monitored, especially during acute illness, but they are not the best indicators of SLE disease progression.

🌼 Disease activity is better assessed through laboratory findings and organ involvement.

❌ Extremity warm to touch

🌼 Extremity temperature is not a primary monitoring parameter for SLE.

🌼 This assessment is more relevant for conditions involving circulation problems, infection, or vascular compromise.


Distractor Analysis :

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7 :

0800:

Client is postoperative day 2 following left lung lobectomy. Client alert and oriented to person, place, and time. Reports pain as 3 on a scale of 0 to 10.

Dressing dry and intact to left chest.

Water seal chest tube drainage system has serosanguinous drainage over 12 hr. Right lung sounds clear. Left lung sounds diminished.

1015:

Client ambulated to bathroom with assistance of one. Dressing at chest tube insertion site dry. Client stated they lifted the edges of dressing to scratch underneath the tape. Serosanguinous drainage pooling in drainage tubing. Client's chest tube is below the level of the client's chest.

0600:

Temperature 36.4° C (97.5° F)

Heart rate 72/min

Respiratory rate 18/min

Blood pressure 106/62 mm Hg

Oxygen saturation 95% on 2 L/min via nasal cannula

1000:

Temperature 36.6° C (97.9° F)

Heart rate 76/min

Respiratory rate 18/min

Blood pressure 112/72 mm Hg

Oxygen saturation 98% on 2 L/min via nasal cannula


Select the 2 actions the nurse should plan to take to manage the client's chest tube.


Answer Options

Hint : 🫁 Chest tube safety

Correct Answers:

  • Reinforce loose dressing around the tube.
  • Ensure the chest tube remains below the level of the client's chest.


Rationale :

Reinforce loose dressing around the tube

🖊️ Reinforcing a loose chest tube dressing is appropriate because the client disturbed the dressing by lifting the edges to scratch underneath the tape.

🖊️ A secure and intact dressing helps maintain a closed chest drainage system and reduces the risk of air entering the pleural space.

🖊️ A loose or compromised dressing can increase the risk of infection at the chest tube insertion site.

🖊️ The nurse should assess the insertion site for redness, swelling, drainage, or signs of infection.

🖊️ Maintaining proper chest tube site care supports healing after a lung lobectomy.

Ensure the chest tube remains below the level of the client's chest

🖊️ Keeping the chest tube below the level of the chest is essential because gravity allows drainage of air and fluid from the pleural space into the collection chamber.

🖊️ The client’s chest tube should remain positioned correctly during activities such as ambulation to prevent interruption of drainage.

🖊️ Elevating the drainage system above the chest can allow fluid to flow backward toward the pleural space, increasing the risk of complications.

🖊️ Proper placement promotes effective functioning of the water-seal drainage system.

🖊️ The nurse should also ensure tubing is free from dependent loops or kinks that could obstruct drainage.


Distractor Analysis :

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8 :

Hint : 🩺 End-stage kidney failure labs

Correct Answers:

  • Blood creatinine 9 mg/dL (0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL)


Rationale :

👉 Blood creatinine of 9 mg/dL is an expected finding in a client with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) because the kidneys are unable to effectively filter and eliminate creatinine from the blood.

👉 Creatinine is a waste product produced by normal muscle metabolism, and it is normally removed through glomerular filtration in the kidneys.

👉 In severe renal impairment, decreased filtration causes creatinine levels to rise significantly.

👉 A creatinine level of 9 mg/dL indicates severe reduction in kidney function and is consistent with advanced renal failure.

👉 Clients with ESKD often require dialysis to remove accumulated waste products and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.

👉 The nurse should monitor related findings such as BUN, potassium, fluid status, and signs of uremia.


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9 :

Hint : 👶Child abuse risk factors

Correct Answers:

  • Rigid expectations of behavior


Rationale :

🌻 Rigid expectations of behavior are a common characteristic of some child abuse perpetrators because they may have unrealistic beliefs about how children should behave and respond harshly when expectations are not met.

🌻 Perpetrators may demonstrate a need for control, perfection, and strict obedience from the child.

🌻 They may have difficulty understanding normal child development and expect children to behave beyond their developmental abilities.

🌻 Failure of the child to meet these expectations can lead to frustration, anger, and abusive responses.

🌻 These individuals may use excessive discipline or punishment as a way to maintain control over the child.

🌻 The nurse should teach parents that healthy discipline involves realistic expectations, communication, and age-appropriate guidance.

🌻 Recognizing rigid behavioral expectations helps identify families who may benefit from parenting education and support.

🌻 Early identification of risk factors allows nurses to promote child safety and prevention of abuse.


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10 :

1135:

Client reports pain as 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 scale with contractions and the pain "seems to be getting worse." Client requesting an epidural. Nitrazine test positive.

1200:

Contractions every 4 to 5 min, 45 to 60 seconds duration, 3+ intensity. Sterile vaginal examination performed by RN. Cervix 6 cm dilated, 70% effaced. 0 station. Epidural initiated by anesthesiologist. 

1130:

Temperature 36.4° C (97.5° F)

Heart rate 84/min

Respiratory rate 18/min

Blood pressure 124/82 mm Hg

1200:

Temperature 36.5° C (97.7° F)

Heart rate 90/min

Respiratory rate 18/min

Blood pressure 128/84 mm Hg

1215:

Temperature 37.1°C (98.8° F)

Heart rate 86/min

Respiratory rate 18/min

Blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg

1130:

Fetal heart rate 140/min with moderate variability. Intermittent accelerations. Contractions moderate, average 80 seconds duration.

1210:

Fetal heart rate 140/min with moderate variability. Early decelerations. Contractions moderate, average 90 seconds duration.

1215:

Fetal heart rate 120/min with minimal variability. Early decelerations.

1130:

Client admitted to labor and delivery. Gravida 1, para 0 at 40 weeks of gestation. Client presents with contractions every 5 to 6 min, 30 to 40 seconds duration, 2+ intensity. Client reports their water broke and the fluid was clear. Positive for group B streptococcus ß- hemolytic at 37 weeks. Sterile vaginal examination by RN. Cervix 5 cm dilated, 50% effaced. 0 station.


The nurse is assisting with the care of the client following the insertion of an epidural. For each nursing intervention, click to specify if the intervention is essential or contraindicated for the client. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.


Nursing Intervention Essential Contraindicated
Decrease the IV flow rate.
Monitor fetal heart rate.
Place the client in left lateral position.
Assist with administration of ampicillin IV.
Request a prescription for ephedrine.

Hint : 🤰 Epidural labor care

Correct Answers

  • Decrease the IV flow rate. [ Contraindicated ]
  • Monitor fetal heart rate. [ Essential ]
  • Place the client in left lateral position. [ Essential ]
  • Assist with administration of ampicillin IV. [ Essential ]
  • Request a prescription for ephedrine. [ Contraindicated ]

Rationale :

Decrease the IV flow rate

🌸 Decreasing IV fluids after epidural placement is contraindicated because epidural anesthesia can cause vasodilation and maternal hypotension.

🌸 Clients receiving epidurals require adequate IV fluid administration to reduce the risk of a sudden drop in blood pressure.

🌸 Reduced maternal blood pressure can decrease uteroplacental perfusion and affect fetal oxygenation.

Monitor fetal heart rate

🌸 Monitoring fetal heart rate (FHR) is essential after epidural placement because maternal hypotension can reduce placental blood flow and cause fetal compromise.

🌸 Epidural anesthesia may cause changes in maternal blood pressure, which can affect the fetus.

🌸 The client’s tracing changed from moderate variability to minimal variability with early decelerations, requiring close fetal assessment.

🌸 Continuous or frequent FHR monitoring helps identify signs of fetal distress early.

🌸 The nurse should assess fetal response during and after anesthesia administration.

🌸 Prompt recognition of abnormal FHR patterns allows timely interventions to improve fetal oxygenation.

🌸 FHR monitoring is a priority nursing action following epidural anesthesia.

Place the client in left lateral position

🌸 Left lateral positioning is essential because it promotes uteroplacental perfusion and reduces compression of the inferior vena cava.

🌸 Epidural anesthesia can cause maternal hypotension, and repositioning can help improve blood return to the heart.

🌸 This position supports adequate oxygen delivery to the fetus.

🌸 The left lateral position is commonly used when fetal heart rate changes occur after epidural administration.

🌸 Proper positioning may improve fetal oxygenation and maternal blood pressure.

🌸 The nurse should avoid positions that worsen vena cava compression.

🌸 Maintaining optimal positioning supports safe labor progression.

Assist with administration of ampicillin IV

🌸 Ampicillin IV is essential because the client tested positive for group B streptococcus (GBS) at 37 weeks.

🌸 GBS colonization places the newborn at risk for developing early-onset neonatal infection during vaginal birth.

🌸 Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis reduces transmission of GBS from mother to newborn.

🌸 The nurse should administer the prescribed antibiotic during labor as ordered.

🌸 Treatment is especially important because the client’s membranes have ruptured, increasing exposure risk.

🌸 Preventing neonatal infection is a major priority during labor management.

🌸 Timely antibiotic administration improves newborn outcomes.

Request a prescription for ephedrine

🌸 Ephedrine is not indicated unless the client develops maternal hypotension after epidural anesthesia.

🌸 The client’s blood pressure remains within an acceptable range (120/80 mm Hg at 1215).

🌸 Administering vasopressors without evidence of hypotension is unnecessary and may cause adverse cardiovascular effects.


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Total Questions: 10

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