Question

A student nurse is reviewing functions of vitamins. Which vitamins help to support blood cell hemostasis? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Vitamin K
Vitamin C

Rationale :

✅ Vitamin K

💠 Vitamin K is essential for normal blood clotting (hemostasis).

💠 It is required for the hepatic synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X.

💠 A deficiency increases the risk of prolonged bleeding and easy bruising.

💠 Patients taking warfarin require consistent vitamin K intake to maintain therapeutic anticoagulation.

💠 Newborns routinely receive vitamin K to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

💠 Vitamin K is the primary vitamin responsible for normal hemostasis.

✅ Vitamin C

💠 Vitamin C supports hemostasis by maintaining the integrity of blood vessels through collagen synthesis.

💠 Healthy capillary walls reduce the risk of spontaneous bleeding.

💠 Deficiency causes scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, petechiae, and poor wound healing.

💠 It also promotes tissue repair following injury.

💠 Adequate vitamin C intake helps maintain normal vascular function.

💠 Strong capillary integrity is an important component of effective hemostasis.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

1

Rationale :

✨ Calculation

✨ Prescribed dose: 80 mg

✨ Available strength: 80 mg/tablet

✨ Formula:

Tablets = Prescribed dose ÷ Available dose

✨ Substitute:

80 mg ÷ 80 mg

👉= 1 tablet per dose

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

1.5

Rationale :

✍️Calculation

🖋️ Prescribed dose: 150 mg

🖋️ Available concentration: 100 mg/mL

✨ Formula:

mL = Prescribed dose ÷ Available concentration

✨ Substitute:

150 mg ÷ 100 mg/mL

👉= 1.5 mL

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

1200

Rationale :

✍️ Calculation

🖋️ Prescribed amount: 40 oz

🖋️ Conversion: 1 oz = 30 mL

✨ Formula:

mL = oz × 30

✨ Substitute:

40 × 30

👉= 1200 mL

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

200

Rationale :

✍️ Calculation

✏️ Total volume: 600 mL

✏️ Time: 3 hr

✨ Formula:

mL/hr = Total volume ÷ Time

✨ Substitute:

✏️ 600 mL ÷ 3 hr

👉= 200 mL/hr

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

2

Rationale :

✍️ Calculation

✏️ Prescribed dose: 10 mg

✏️Available strength: 5 mg/tablet

✨ Formula:

Tablets = Prescribed dose ÷ Available dose

✨ Substitute:

10 mg ÷ 5 mg

👉= 2 tablets

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Osmotic

Rationale :

🌻 Osmotic diuretics, such as mannitol, are the first-line diuretic therapy for patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP).

🌻 Mannitol raises the plasma osmotic pressure, drawing water from the brain tissue into the intravascular space and reducing cerebral edema.

🌻 This decrease in brain water content lowers intracranial pressure while improving cerebral perfusion.

🌻 The nurse should closely monitor neurological status, serum osmolality, electrolytes, urine output, and renal function during therapy.

🌻 Rapid diuresis can lead to dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and hypotension, requiring careful assessment.

🌻 Mannitol is a high-yield NCLEX medication that should be associated with the management of acute cerebral edema and elevated ICP.

🌻 Early administration can help prevent brain herniation and other life-threatening complications of increased intracranial pressure.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Blood clot formation
Breast tenderness
Mood swings
Abdominal cramping

Rationale :

Blood clot formation

🌸 Hormone-based contraceptives, particularly those containing estrogen, increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

🌸 Estrogen promotes the production of clotting factors, creating a hypercoagulable state.

🌸 Clients should be taught to recognize symptoms such as leg pain, unilateral swelling, chest pain, or shortness of breath.

🌸 The risk is higher in clients who smoke, are older than 35 years, or have a history of thromboembolic disorders.

🌸 Nurses should assess for contraindications before initiating therapy and reinforce measures to reduce clotting risk.

🌸 Blood clot formation is a serious adverse effect that requires immediate medical evaluation.

Breast tenderness

🌸 Breast tenderness is a common side effect during the first few months of hormonal contraceptive use.

🌸 Hormonal changes stimulate breast tissue, causing fullness, swelling, or mild discomfort.

🌸 Symptoms often improve as the body adjusts to the medication over several cycles.

🌸 Wearing a supportive bra and limiting caffeine may help reduce discomfort in some clients.

🌸 Clients should report persistent pain, a new breast mass, or nipple discharge for further evaluation.

🌸 Mild breast tenderness alone does not usually require discontinuation of therapy.

Mood swings

🌸 Hormonal contraceptives can influence neurotransmitter activity, leading to mood changes in some individuals.

🌸 Clients may experience irritability, emotional lability, or mild depressive symptoms.

🌸 Mood changes are often temporary but should be monitored during follow-up visits.

🌸 Clients with a history of depression should be assessed carefully after starting therapy.

🌸 Persistent or severe mood disturbances should be reported to the healthcare provider for possible adjustment of the contraceptive method.

🌸 Nurses should encourage clients to report any significant changes in emotional well-being.

Abdominal cramping

🌸 Abdominal cramping may occur as the body adjusts to hormonal changes associated with contraceptive therapy.

🌸 Mild pelvic discomfort is most common during the initial months of treatment.

🌸 Cramping usually decreases with continued use as hormonal levels stabilize.

🌸 Severe or persistent abdominal pain should prompt evaluation for complications such as ectopic pregnancy or thromboembolic events.

🌸 Nurses should distinguish expected mild cramping from pain associated with serious conditions. 🌸 Clients should be instructed to seek prompt medical care if abdominal pain becomes intense or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Major minerals

Rationale :

🏵️ Major minerals, also called macrominerals, are minerals the body requires in amounts greater than 100 mg per day.

🏵️ They are essential for maintaining bone and teeth health, fluid balance, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and acid-base balance.

🏵️ Examples of major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur.

🏵️ Adequate intake is necessary for normal growth, metabolism, and overall physiological function.

🏵️ Deficiencies or excesses of major minerals can lead to significant health problems, such as osteoporosis, muscle weakness, or cardiac dysrhythmias.

🏵️ Nurses should encourage a balanced diet to help clients meet their daily mineral requirements.

🏵️ Distinguishing major from trace minerals is a common NCLEX nutrition concept.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Trace minerals

Rationale :

💠 Trace minerals, also known as microminerals, are minerals the body requires in amounts less than 100 mg per day.

💠 Despite being needed in very small quantities, they are essential for enzyme function, oxygen transport, immune function, thyroid hormone production, and wound healing.

💠 Common trace minerals include iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper, fluoride, chromium, and manganese.

💠 Deficiencies can lead to disorders such as iron-deficiency anemia, goiter, impaired wound healing, and weakened immunity.

💠 A balanced diet usually provides adequate amounts of these essential minerals.

💠 Nurses should recognize the importance of trace minerals when assessing nutritional status and planning client education.

💠 Differentiating major and trace minerals is a frequently tested NCLEX nutrition concept.

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VNSG300 Pharmacology II (NS) (1)

No.

1 :
A student nurse is reviewing functions of vitamins. Which vitamins help to support blood cell hemostasis? (Select all that apply.)

2 :
The nurse receives an order that states, “Start furosemide 80 mg PO BID.” Available is a bottle containing 50 tablets which are 80 mg strength. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose?

✨ Calculation

3 :
A client is to receive 150 mg of Amiodarone IM. A multidose vial reads 100 mg/mL. How many mL will the nurse need to administer?

4 :
The order is for 40 oz of GoLytely. How many milliliters will the nurse administer?

5 :
What is the flow rate per hour of an IV containing 600 mL of normal saline to run over 3 hours?

6 :
An older adult client with severe pain has been prescribed 10 mg of oxycodone. The bottle of medication is labeled with a dosage strength of 5 mg per tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer?

✍️ Calculation

7 :
The nurse is monitoring a patient who has increased intracranial pressure. Which type of diuretic therapy is indicated?

8 :
An LPN is reviewing side effects of hormone-based contraceptive therapy. Which of the following would be considered a side effect of this type of birth control? (Select all that apply.)

9 :
Minerals that are required in large amounts are called which of the following?

10 :
Minerals that are required in very small amounts are called which of the following?

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VNSG300 Pharmacology II (NS) (1)

No.

1 : A student nurse is reviewing functions of vitamins. Which vitamins help to support blood cell hemostasis? (Select all that apply.)

2 : The nurse receives an order that states, “Start furosemide 80 mg PO BID.” Available is a bottle containing 50 tablets which are 80 mg strength. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose?

✨ Calculation

3 : A client is to receive 150 mg of Amiodarone IM. A multidose vial reads 100 mg/mL. How many mL will the nurse need to administer?

4 : The order is for 40 oz of GoLytely. How many milliliters will the nurse administer?

5 : What is the flow rate per hour of an IV containing 600 mL of normal saline to run over 3 hours?

6 : An older adult client with severe pain has been prescribed 10 mg of oxycodone. The bottle of medication is labeled with a dosage strength of 5 mg per tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer?

✍️ Calculation

7 : The nurse is monitoring a patient who has increased intracranial pressure. Which type of diuretic therapy is indicated?

8 : An LPN is reviewing side effects of hormone-based contraceptive therapy. Which of the following would be considered a side effect of this type of birth control? (Select all that apply.)

9 : Minerals that are required in large amounts are called which of the following?

10 : Minerals that are required in very small amounts are called which of the following?

1 :
A student nurse is reviewing functions of vitamins. Which vitamins help to support blood cell hemostasis? (Select all that apply.)

2 :
The nurse receives an order that states, “Start furosemide 80 mg PO BID.” Available is a bottle containing 50 tablets which are 80 mg strength. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose?

3 :
A client is to receive 150 mg of Amiodarone IM. A multidose vial reads 100 mg/mL. How many mL will the nurse need to administer?

4 :
The order is for 40 oz of GoLytely. How many milliliters will the nurse administer?

5 :
What is the flow rate per hour of an IV containing 600 mL of normal saline to run over 3 hours?

6 :
An older adult client with severe pain has been prescribed 10 mg of oxycodone. The bottle of medication is labeled with a dosage strength of 5 mg per tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer?

7 :
The nurse is monitoring a patient who has increased intracranial pressure. Which type of diuretic therapy is indicated?

8 :
An LPN is reviewing side effects of hormone-based contraceptive therapy. Which of the following would be considered a side effect of this type of birth control? (Select all that apply.)

9 :
Minerals that are required in large amounts are called which of the following?

10 :
Minerals that are required in very small amounts are called which of the following?