Question

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

"I might feel increased hungrier while on this medication."

Rationale :

🟦 Prednisone is a glucocorticoid that increases hepatic glucose production and reduces peripheral glucose utilization, leading to hyperglycemia in clients with diabetes mellitus.

🟦 This medication also stimulates appetite centers, commonly causing increased hunger and potential weight gain.

🟦 Clients with diabetes must be taught to expect changes in blood glucose levels and appetite while taking corticosteroids.

🟦 Recognizing increased hunger allows the client to adjust meal planning, blood glucose monitoring, and medication adherence appropriately.

🟦 This statement reflects accurate understanding of a common and expected effect of prednisone therapy.

🟦 A decrease in blood sugar is incorrect because prednisone raises blood glucose, increasing the risk of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.

🟦 Fever is not a typical side effect of prednisone; in fact, corticosteroids suppress immune responses and may mask signs of infection.

🟦 Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) is associated with salicylates, not corticosteroids like prednisone.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Tinnitus and hyperventilation

Rationale :

🟦 Salicylate toxicity commonly stimulates the respiratory center, leading to hyperventilation and early respiratory alkalosis.

🟦 Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is a classic and early neurologic sign of aspirin overdose.

🟦 As toxicity progresses, metabolic acidosis may develop due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.

🟦 High doses of aspirin interfere with acid–base balance, causing mixed respiratory and metabolic disturbances.

🟦 The presence of tinnitus with rapid breathing is a hallmark finding that strongly indicates salicylate toxicity.

Yellowing of the skin and sclera

🟦 This finding suggests jaundice, which is associated with liver dysfunction, not salicylate toxicity.

🟦 Aspirin toxicity does not typically cause bilirubin accumulation.

Bradycardia and hypotension

🟦 Salicylate toxicity more commonly causes tachycardia due to metabolic stress and acidosis.

🟦 Bradycardia and hypotension are more consistent with advanced shock states, not aspirin overdose.

Constipation and abdominal distention

🟦 These symptoms reflect gastrointestinal motility issues, not the neurologic and respiratory effects of salicylates.

🟦 Aspirin toxicity more often causes nausea, vomiting, and gastric irritation.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Take levothyroxine first thing in the morning on an empty stomach and wait another 30 to 60 minutes before taking any other medications.

Rationale :

🟦 Levothyroxine is best absorbed in the small intestine when the stomach is empty, making timing critical for effectiveness.

🟦 Taking the medication in the morning before food prevents interference from calcium, iron, fiber, and other drugs that reduce absorption.

🟦 Waiting 30–60 minutes allows for optimal bioavailability and consistent thyroid hormone levels.

🟦 Consistent timing helps maintain stable TSH levels, which is essential for managing hypothyroidism.

🟦 This instruction reflects evidence-based practice for achieving maximum therapeutic effect.

Take levothyroxine simultaneously with other medications and food in the morning

🟦 Food and many medications significantly decrease levothyroxine absorption.

🟦 This practice can lead to subtherapeutic hormone levels.

Take levothyroxine at bedtime immediately after eating

🟦 Taking levothyroxine after meals reduces intestinal absorption.

🟦 Bedtime dosing is only effective if taken on an empty stomach, which is not the case here.

Take levothyroxine only when symptoms worsen

🟦 Levothyroxine is a daily maintenance medication, not a PRN drug.

🟦 Skipping doses disrupts hormonal balance and worsens hypothyroid control.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Hold the medication, and notify the healthcare provider.

Rationale :

🟦 Antiarrhythmic medications can depress cardiac conduction and contractility, leading to hypotension and decreased cerebral perfusion.

🟦 The presence of dizziness and confusion indicates impaired oxygen delivery to the brain, signaling a potential adverse drug reaction.

🟦 Holding the medication prevents further hemodynamic compromise while the situation is evaluated.

🟦 Promptly notifying the healthcare provider allows for timely adjustment of the medication dose or therapy.

🟦 This action prioritizes client safety and follows the LPN/LVN’s scope when managing suspected medication toxicity.

Document the findings and continue monitoring the client.

🟦 Documentation alone delays intervention when significant adverse effects are present.

🟦 Continued monitoring without action risks clinical deterioration.

Encourage the client to increase fluid intake.

🟦 Fluids do not address drug-induced hypotension caused by cardiac suppression.

🟦 This intervention is insufficient for acute medication-related symptoms.

Administer an additional dose of the antiarrhythmic drug.

🟦 Giving another dose may worsen hypotension and neurologic symptoms.

🟦 This action increases the risk of life-threatening complications.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Encourage the patient to increase oral fluid intake and dietary fiber.

Rationale :

🟦 Opioids reduce gastrointestinal motility by binding to µ-opioid receptors in the bowel, leading to hard, infrequent stools.

🟦 Increasing oral fluids helps soften stool and supports normal bowel hydration.

🟦 Dietary fiber adds bulk to stool and promotes peristalsis, counteracting opioid-induced slowing of the gut.

🟦 This combined approach is a first-line, preventive nursing intervention for opioid-induced constipation.

🟦 Prioritizing fluids and fiber supports bowel regularity without interfering with pain control.

Instruct the patient to monitor stool color and report any changes immediately.

🟦 Monitoring stool color does not prevent constipation or improve bowel motility.

🟦 This intervention is more relevant for detecting GI bleeding, not opioid effects.

Suggest the patient reduce physical activity to decrease abdominal strain.

🟦 Reduced activity actually worsens constipation by decreasing bowel movement.

🟦 Ambulation and movement help stimulate normal peristalsis.

Advise the patient to avoid all foods that cause gas, such as beans and cabbage.

🟦 Avoiding gas-producing foods does not address opioid-related decreased motility.

🟦 Many of these foods contain fiber, which is beneficial for preventing constipation.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Neuromuscular blocking agents cause paralysis of skeletal muscles but do not affect consciousness.

Rationale :

🟦 Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) act at the neuromuscular junction, preventing acetylcholine from stimulating skeletal muscle contraction.

🟦 These medications produce skeletal muscle paralysis without crossing the blood–brain barrier, so consciousness, sensation, and pain perception remain intact.

🟦 Because awareness is preserved, clients receiving NMBAs must also receive sedation and analgesia when used in procedural or critical care settings.

🟦 NMBAs are commonly used to facilitate endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and surgical muscle relaxation.

🟦 Understanding that paralysis occurs without loss of consciousness is essential for safe nursing care and advocacy.

Neuromuscular blocking agents lower body temperature and prevent fever during surgery.

🟦 NMBAs do not affect the hypothalamic temperature-regulating center.

🟦 Body temperature control requires active warming or cooling measures, not paralysis.

Neuromuscular blocking agents improve muscle strength during surgery.

🟦 These agents inhibit muscle contraction rather than enhance strength.

🟦 Muscle weakness and paralysis are the intended effects.

Neuromuscular blocking agents help improve digestion and make bowel movements easier.

🟦 NMBAs have no action on smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract.

🟦 They do not improve peristalsis or digestion.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Aspirin

Rationale :

🟦 Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K–dependent clotting factors, increasing the risk of bleeding.

🟦 Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, which can potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

🟦 When taken together, these medications significantly increase the risk of serious bleeding, including gastrointestinal and intracranial hemorrhage.

🟦 The interaction is pharmacodynamic, meaning both drugs affect different steps of the coagulation process.

🟦 This combination requires close monitoring or avoidance unless specifically prescribed by the healthcare provider.

Atorvastatin

🟦 Atorvastatin may have minor effects on warfarin metabolism but does not pose the highest bleeding risk.

🟦 It is generally used safely with INR monitoring.

Lisinopril

🟦 Lisinopril does not affect coagulation pathways or platelet function.

🟦 It has no significant interaction with warfarin.

Metformin

🟦 Metformin affects glucose metabolism, not clotting mechanisms.

🟦 It does not increase bleeding risk when combined with warfarin.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

The PCA limits doses within a set time to prevent overdose

Rationale :

🟦 Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) devices are programmed with a lockout interval that prevents additional doses from being delivered too frequently.

🟦 This safety feature ensures the client cannot receive excessive opioid doses, even if the button is pressed repeatedly.

🟦 The system delivers a preset dose only when the lockout time has elapsed, maintaining safe opioid plasma levels.

🟦 PCA promotes effective pain control while reducing the risk of respiratory depression and overdose.

🟦 This explanation reassures the client and demonstrates an accurate understanding of PCA safety mechanisms.

The PCA system adjusts the dose based on your pain level

🟦 PCA devices do not assess pain or adjust doses automatically.

🟦 Doses are preprogrammed by the provider.

The PCA system delivers medication every time the button is pressed

🟦 Medication is not delivered during the lockout period.

🟦 This statement could increase client anxiety and is inaccurate.

The PCA system requires the nurse to approve each dose

🟦 PCA is designed for independent patient activation without nurse approval for each dose.

🟦 Nursing approval is not required once the system is programmed.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Apply gentle pressure to the inner canthus for 1 minute after instilling the drops.

Rationale :

🟦 Timolol is a topical beta-blocker that can be systemically absorbed through the nasolacrimal duct after eye-drop administration.

🟦 Applying gentle pressure to the inner canthus (punctal occlusion) for about 1 minute reduces drainage into the nasal mucosa and limits systemic absorption.

🟦 This technique lowers the risk of systemic adverse effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, and bronchospasm.

🟦 Proper administration improves ocular efficacy while enhancing overall medication safety.

🟦 Teaching punctal occlusion is a key nursing instruction for clients using ophthalmic beta-blockers.

Use the eye drops only when experiencing increased intraocular pressure symptoms.

🟦 Primary open-angle glaucoma requires consistent daily therapy, not PRN use.

🟦 Symptoms may be absent despite elevated pressure, risking optic nerve damage.

Shake the eye drop bottle vigorously before each use.

🟦 Timolol solutions generally do not require shaking, and vigorous shaking can introduce air bubbles.

🟦 Air bubbles may lead to inaccurate dosing.

Avoid closing the eyes for several minutes after instillation.

🟦 Gently closing the eyes helps keep medication in contact with the eye surface.

🟦 Avoiding eye closure increases nasolacrimal drainage and systemic absorption.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

I can use this medication to prevent migraines before they start.

Rationale :

🟦 Sumatriptan is an abortive migraine medication, meaning it is used to treat an acute migraine attack, not to prevent one.

🟦 It works by stimulating serotonin (5-HT₁) receptors, causing vasoconstriction of cranial blood vessels during a migraine episode.

🟦 Using sumatriptan for prevention is ineffective and may increase the risk of medication overuse headaches.

🟦 Preventive migraine therapy typically involves beta-blockers, anticonvulsants, or antidepressants, not triptans.

🟦 This statement shows a misunderstanding of the purpose and timing of sumatriptan therapy.

“I will take the medication as soon as I feel a migraine starting.”

🟦 Sumatriptan is most effective when taken at the first sign of migraine onset.

🟦 Early administration improves pain relief and symptom control.

“I will report chest pain or tightness right away.”

🟦 Sumatriptan can cause chest pressure or tightness due to vasoconstrictive effects.

🟦 Reporting these symptoms promptly is essential for patient safety.

“I can take another dose if the headache returns after 2 hours.”

🟦 A repeat dose after 2 hours is allowed if symptoms recur, within prescribed limits.

🟦 This reflects correct understanding of safe dosing guidelines.

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ATI Custom LPN Pharm 2 NSG 2310 Final Exam Fall 2025

No.

1 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

2 :
A nurse is assessing a client who has been taking high doses of aspirin for chronic joint pain. Which finding should the nurse recognize as an indication of salicylate toxicity?

3 :
A nurse is preparing teaching for a client prescribed levothyroxine. Which instruction about timing should the nurse provide to ensure optimal absorption?

4 :
While assessing a client who is receiving antiarrhythmic drugs, the LPN/LVN notes the presence of hypotension, dizziness, and confusion. What is the priority intervention by the LPN/LVN?

5 :
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving opioid therapy for chronic pain who reports infrequent, hard stools. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize to prevent opioid-induced constipation?

6 :
The nurse is assessing a client who receives a neuromuscular blocking agent. The nurse knows that which of the following is accurate regarding the medications?

7 :
A patient on warfarin therapy is prescribed a new medication. Which of the following medications should the nurse be most concerned about due to potential interaction?

8 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine following abdominal surgery. The client asks, "Can I get too much if I press the button too often?" Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

9 :
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with primary open-angle glaucoma who is prescribed timolol 0.25% eye drops. Which instruction should the nurse include to ensure safe administration and reduce systemic adverse effects?

10 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has migraine headaches and a new prescription for sumatriptan. Which client statement indicates the need for further teaching?

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ATI Custom LPN Pharm 2 NSG 2310 Final Exam Fall 2025

No.

1 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

2 : A nurse is assessing a client who has been taking high doses of aspirin for chronic joint pain. Which finding should the nurse recognize as an indication of salicylate toxicity?

3 : A nurse is preparing teaching for a client prescribed levothyroxine. Which instruction about timing should the nurse provide to ensure optimal absorption?

4 : While assessing a client who is receiving antiarrhythmic drugs, the LPN/LVN notes the presence of hypotension, dizziness, and confusion. What is the priority intervention by the LPN/LVN?

5 : A nurse is caring for a patient receiving opioid therapy for chronic pain who reports infrequent, hard stools. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize to prevent opioid-induced constipation?

6 : The nurse is assessing a client who receives a neuromuscular blocking agent. The nurse knows that which of the following is accurate regarding the medications?

7 : A patient on warfarin therapy is prescribed a new medication. Which of the following medications should the nurse be most concerned about due to potential interaction?

8 : A nurse is caring for a client who is using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine following abdominal surgery. The client asks, "Can I get too much if I press the button too often?" Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

9 : A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with primary open-angle glaucoma who is prescribed timolol 0.25% eye drops. Which instruction should the nurse include to ensure safe administration and reduce systemic adverse effects?

10 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has migraine headaches and a new prescription for sumatriptan. Which client statement indicates the need for further teaching?

1 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

2 :
A nurse is assessing a client who has been taking high doses of aspirin for chronic joint pain. Which finding should the nurse recognize as an indication of salicylate toxicity?

3 :
A nurse is preparing teaching for a client prescribed levothyroxine. Which instruction about timing should the nurse provide to ensure optimal absorption?

4 :
While assessing a client who is receiving antiarrhythmic drugs, the LPN/LVN notes the presence of hypotension, dizziness, and confusion. What is the priority intervention by the LPN/LVN?

5 :
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving opioid therapy for chronic pain who reports infrequent, hard stools. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize to prevent opioid-induced constipation?

6 :
The nurse is assessing a client who receives a neuromuscular blocking agent. The nurse knows that which of the following is accurate regarding the medications?

7 :
A patient on warfarin therapy is prescribed a new medication. Which of the following medications should the nurse be most concerned about due to potential interaction?

8 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine following abdominal surgery. The client asks, "Can I get too much if I press the button too often?" Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

9 :
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with primary open-angle glaucoma who is prescribed timolol 0.25% eye drops. Which instruction should the nurse include to ensure safe administration and reduce systemic adverse effects?

10 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has migraine headaches and a new prescription for sumatriptan. Which client statement indicates the need for further teaching?