Question

A nurse is caring for a client with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) who is showing signs of respiratory muscle weakness and declining oxygen saturation. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Prepare supplies for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation if respiratory status worsens.

Rationale :

🫁 Clients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome often develop ascending paralysis, which can progress to involve the respiratory muscles, putting them at high risk for acute respiratory failure.

🫁 When the nurse notes respiratory muscle weakness and declining oxygen saturation, the priority is airway protection and ensuring effective ventilation, which may require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.

🫁 Early preparation for intubation (having suction, airway equipment, ventilator setup ready) helps prevent delays in life-saving intervention if the client suddenly deteriorates.

🫁 In GBS, once respiratory muscles fatigue, noninvasive measures (like deep breathing or incentive spirometry) are often insufficient to maintain adequate gas exchange.

🫁 Prioritizing intubation readiness reflects the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) and anticipates rapid decline, which is a critical nursing responsibility in neuromuscular disorders.

Encourage the client to perform incentive spirometry every hour to improve lung expansion.

🫁 Incentive spirometry is useful for preventing atelectasis and improving lung expansion, but it requires adequate respiratory muscle strength to be effective.

🫁 In Guillain-Barré with progressive respiratory muscle weakness, the client may not have the strength to use an incentive spirometer effectively or consistently.

🫁 Focusing solely on incentive spirometry in this scenario does not address the immediate risk of respiratory failure, especially with declining oxygen saturation.

🫁 While this intervention can be supportive, it is not the priority when there are signs that the client may soon require airway protection.

🫁 The nurse must prioritize emergency preparedness for intubation, not just exercises that depend on muscles that are already failing.

Administer high-dose corticosteroids to reduce nerve inflammation and improve respiratory function.

🫁 Historically, corticosteroids were tried in GBS, but they are not the primary life-saving intervention in acute respiratory compromise.

🫁 In the context of immediate respiratory decline, medications like corticosteroids do not act quickly enough to reverse respiratory muscle weakness.

🫁 The priority in acute deterioration is to secure the airway and provide mechanical support for breathing, not to focus on slower-acting disease-modifying therapies.

🫁 Additionally, in modern management, IVIG or plasmapheresis are more commonly used than high-dose steroids for GBS, so prioritizing steroids here is not aligned with emergency needs.

🫁 Choosing this option fails to follow the critical ABC framework, which places breathing support above pharmacologic modulation of inflammation in emergencies.

Increase oral fluid intake to thin secretions and facilitate expectoration.

🫁 Increasing oral fluids can help thin secretions, but it does not correct respiratory muscle weakness or improve oxygen saturation directly.

🫁 In GBS, the problem is not primarily thick secretions but inadequate muscle strength to ventilate and maintain effective gas exchange.

🫁 Encouraging more fluids could even pose a risk of aspiration if the client’s bulbar muscles (swallowing muscles) are affected.

🫁 This is a low-priority comfort/supportive measure and does not address the urgent threat of impending respiratory failure.

🫁 In this scenario, focusing on fluids instead of preparing for mechanical ventilation ignores the life-threatening aspect of the client’s status.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Notify the healthcare provider immediately for potential increased intracranial pressure and possible brain herniation.

Rationale :

🧠 Decerebrate posturing, fixed dilated pupils, and irregular respirations are classic signs of severe increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and may indicate impending or ongoing brain herniation.

🧠 Brain herniation is a neurologic emergency that can rapidly lead to respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, and death if not addressed immediately by advanced medical/surgical interventions.

🧠 The nurse must urgently notify the healthcare provider so they can initiate emergency measures, such as hyperosmolar therapy, mechanical ventilation adjustment, or surgical decompression.

🧠 While the nurse performs supportive interventions, the provider’s rapid involvement is essential to prevent further catastrophic brain damage.

🧠 These findings represent deteriorating neurologic status, and timely communication is a critical nursing responsibility in managing clients with traumatic brain injury.

Elevate the head of the bed to 15 degrees to improve cerebral perfusion immediately.

🧠 Elevating the head of bed can help reduce intracranial pressure, but the recommended position is usually around 30 degrees, not 15 degrees, to optimize venous drainage from the brain.

🧠 While positioning is an important nursing intervention, it is not sufficient alone in the presence of signs suggesting possible brain herniation.

🧠 In this situation, the client needs urgent medical/surgical intervention, which requires immediate provider involvement, not just positional changes.

🧠 Elevating the head of the bed can be done concurrently with contacting the provider, but it is not the priority action when selecting the single most important response.

🧠 Prioritizing only positioning delays escalation of care and underestimates the severity of the neurologic findings.

Prepare the patient for lumbar puncture to assess cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

🧠 A lumbar puncture is contraindicated in clients with suspected or known increased intracranial pressure, because it can precipitate or worsen brain herniation by altering pressure gradients.

🧠 In this context, signs like fixed dilated pupils and decerebrate posturing strongly suggest severely elevated ICP, making lumbar puncture dangerous and inappropriate.

🧠 The priority is to reduce ICP and stabilize the client, not to perform diagnostic procedures that may increase risk.

🧠 Preparing for a lumbar puncture shows lack of understanding of neurocritical precautions in raised ICP.

🧠 Instead of LP, ICP is typically monitored via safer intracranial devices and managed medically or surgically, not through spinal fluid withdrawal in this setting.

Administer prescribed analgesics to reduce the patient's discomfort from injury.

🧠 While pain management is important, it is not the priority when the client is showing signs of impending herniation and brainstem dysfunction.

🧠 Analgesics, especially if sedating, can mask neurologic changes, making accurate assessment of level of consciousness and neurologic status more difficult.

🧠 At this stage, the client’s primary problem is life-threatening neurologic compromise, not uncontrolled pain.

🧠 Focusing on analgesia may delay critical interventions that could preserve brain function and life.

🧠 The nurse must first ensure that emergency neurologic evaluation and ICP management are initiated before routine comfort measures are prioritized.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Enhancing the client's ability to perform daily activities independently.

Rationale :

🧍 Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural instability.

🧍 Current treatments (medications, therapy, surgery) do not cure the disease but aim to optimize function and quality of life.

🧍 A key nursing and therapeutic goal is to enhance the client’s ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) such as dressing, eating, bathing, and mobility as independently and safely as possible.

🧍 Interventions like medication timing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and environmental modifications are all directed toward maintaining functional independence.

🧍 Focusing on ADLs respects the realistic goals of therapy, supports dignity and self-esteem, and directly improves quality of life for clients with Parkinson’s disease.

Reversing progression of the disease to restore normal motor function.

🧍 Parkinson’s disease involves loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and current therapies cannot reverse this neurodegeneration.

🧍 While medications like levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors can reduce symptoms, they do not stop or reverse disease progression.

🧍 Setting a goal to “restore normal motor function” is unrealistic and may lead to frustration, nonadherence, or disappointment for the client.

🧍 Nursing goals must be realistic and achievable, focusing on symptom control and adaptation, not on full return to premorbid neurologic status.

🧍 Because the condition is progressive and chronic, the emphasis is on managing disability rather than reversing pathology.

Curing the disease with high-dose pharmacologic therapy.

🧍 There is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease, and pharmacologic therapy is aimed at symptom management, not eradication of the disease.

🧍 Using “high-dose” therapy indiscriminately can lead to significant side effects, such as dyskinesias, orthostatic hypotension, hallucinations, and motor fluctuations.

🧍 A cure-focused goal misrepresents the limitations of current medical science and may impair informed consent and realistic expectations.

🧍 Appropriate treatment involves careful titration of medications to balance symptom control with side effects, not maximizing doses in search of a cure.

🧍 Nursing care should highlight chronic disease self-management, not the expectation that medication will completely eliminate the underlying disorder.

Eliminating all tremors and rigidity through surgical intervention.

🧍 Surgical options like deep brain stimulation (DBS) can significantly improve tremor and motor symptoms, but they do not eliminate all symptoms or cure Parkinson’s disease.

🧍 Not all clients are candidates for surgery, and surgery carries risks such as infection, hemorrhage, or device complications.

🧍 Even after surgery, clients often still require pharmacologic therapy and rehabilitation to manage residual symptoms and maintain function.

🧍 Framing surgery as a way to “eliminate all tremors and rigidity” sets unrealistic expectations and overlooks the chronic nature of Parkinson’s.

🧍 The primary goal remains maximizing safe independence and function, not total motor normalization through invasive procedures.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers

Blank 1 Correct Option: first-line treatment
Blank 2 Correct Option: complete blood count and liver enzymes
Blank 3 Correct Option: hyponatremia

Rationale :

first-line treatment

💊 Carbamazepine is considered the first-line treatment for Trigeminal Neuralgia, meaning it is the preferred initial medication due to its proven effectiveness in reducing neuropathic facial pain.

💊 It works by stabilizing hyperexcitable neuronal membranes and reducing repetitive firing in the trigeminal nerve, which helps control the sudden, severe, shock-like pain characteristic of this condition.

💊 Clinical guidelines and evidence consistently identify carbamazepine as the primary pharmacologic therapy, often tried before any other medication or invasive procedure.

💊 Labeling it as first-line emphasizes that it should typically be started early in the course of treatment unless contraindicated, with careful dose titration and monitoring.

💊 Recognizing carbamazepine as the first-line agent helps nurses anticipate common orders, monitor for side effects, and educate clients on why this medication is central to their management plan.

not recommended

💊 Saying carbamazepine is “not recommended” for Trigeminal Neuralgia is inaccurate because it is actually the most commonly recommended medication for this disorder.

💊 If carbamazepine were “not recommended,” providers would routinely avoid it, but in reality, it is often the first drug prescribed when a client is diagnosed.

💊 This phrase might be more appropriate for medications with poor efficacy or severe risk profiles in a given condition, which does not reflect carbamazepine’s well-established benefit here.

💊 Mislabeling it as “not recommended” could mislead nurses into thinking that alternative therapies should be tried first, which conflicts with standard clinical practice.

💊 Understanding that carbamazepine is recommended and widely used is crucial for safe and evidence-based nursing education and client counseling.

adjunct therapy

💊 Describing carbamazepine as “adjunct therapy” implies it is mainly used as an add-on treatment rather than the primary agent, which is not accurate for Trigeminal Neuralgia.

💊 Adjunct therapy usually refers to a medication that is added to a main treatment to enhance effect, such as adding a second anticonvulsant when the first is inadequate.

💊 In Trigeminal Neuralgia, carbamazepine is usually initiated as the primary or main therapy, not just a supporting drug.

💊 While additional drugs like gabapentin or baclofen may be added if pain control is incomplete, that does not change the fact that carbamazepine itself is the first-line drug.

💊 Calling it adjunct therapy understates its central role and may confuse students about its true position in treatment guidelines.

complete blood count and liver enzymes

💊 Carbamazepine can cause serious hematologic effects, including leukopenia, agranulocytosis, and aplastic anemia, so a complete blood count (CBC) must be monitored regularly.

💊 It is also hepatically metabolized and may lead to elevated liver enzymes or hepatotoxicity, which makes liver function tests (LFTs) an essential part of ongoing monitoring.

💊 Monitoring CBC and liver enzymes allows early detection of bone marrow suppression or liver injury, enabling timely dose adjustment or discontinuation.

💊 Nurses should be aware of symptoms like fatigue, easy bruising, infections, or jaundice, which can correlate with abnormal CBC or liver test results.

💊 Teaching clients that routine laboratory monitoring is necessary reinforces adherence to follow-up appointments and improves the safety profile of carbamazepine therapy.

respiratory

💊 Labeling the primary monitoring need as “respiratory” suggests carbamazepine mainly affects breathing or oxygenation, which is not its most significant risk profile.

💊 While any CNS-active drug can potentially cause sedation or dizziness, carbamazepine is not primarily associated with respiratory depression in the way opioids or benzodiazepines are.

💊 Focusing only on respiration may cause nurses to overlook critical hematologic and hepatic risks, which are better-established and more dangerous adverse effects.

💊 A nurse who thinks respiratory monitoring is the main concern might fail to prioritize CBC and liver tests, missing early warning signs of bone marrow or liver damage.

💊 It is still important to observe the client globally, but respiratory status is not the specific lab-based monitoring priority for carbamazepine therapy.

rare and oxygen saturation

💊 Framing carbamazepine monitoring as “rare and oxygen saturation” incorrectly emphasizes oxygen saturation as the key parameter, which is not the main concern with this drug.

💊 Oxygen saturation is vital in many clinical situations, but carbamazepine’s significant risks are more directly tied to hematologic and hepatic systems, not primarily to gas exchange.

💊 Describing monitoring as “rare” can dangerously minimize the need for routine and scheduled lab checks, which are standard when using this medication chronically.

💊 In practice, CBC and liver enzymes are ordered regularly, especially in the first months of therapy, making the characterization of monitoring as “rare” misleading.

💊 The correct emphasis should be on consistent lab surveillance, not on occasional oxygen saturation checks, which may not reflect the most serious adverse effects.

hyponatremia

💊 Oxcarbazepine is associated with a significant risk of hyponatremia, which is a low serum sodium level that can range from mild to severe.

💊 This drug can increase antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-like effects, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia, especially in older adults or those on other sodium-lowering medications.

💊 Clinically, hyponatremia can present with headache, confusion, weakness, seizures, or decreased consciousness, making it a critical safety concern.

💊 Because of this, serum sodium levels must be monitored periodically, especially after starting the medication or increasing the dose.

💊 Understanding hyponatremia as a key risk helps the nurse teach clients about symptoms to report and reinforces the importance of laboratory follow-up while on oxcarbazepine.

serum calcium and magnesium

💊 While calcium and magnesium are important electrolytes, they are not the primary concern with oxcarbazepine therapy in Trigeminal Neuralgia.

💊 Oxcarbazepine’s most notable electrolyte disturbance is hyponatremia, not hypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia.

💊 Routine monitoring of serum sodium is more directly tied to the drug’s known adverse effect profile than routine monitoring of calcium or magnesium.

💊 Emphasizing calcium and magnesium could mislead clinicians into overlooking sodium levels, where clinically significant derangements are more likely.

💊 Although abnormal Ca/Mg can also cause neuromuscular or neurologic symptoms, they are not the characteristic lab issue associated with oxcarbazepine use.

hyperkalemia

💊 Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium) is not a typical or well-known adverse effect linked to oxcarbazepine therapy.

💊 Drugs that commonly cause hyperkalemia include potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and potassium supplements, not primarily oxcarbazepine.

💊 Associating oxcarbazepine with hyperkalemia could make nurses focus incorrectly on potassium levels while neglecting serum sodium, where the real risk lies.

💊 Mislabeling the main risk as hyperkalemia undermines accurate pharmacology teaching and may compromise patient safety by misdirecting lab monitoring priorities.

💊 Correct knowledge of oxcarbazepine’s adverse effects ensures that monitoring plans and client teaching target hyponatremia, not potassium abnormalities.

neutropenia

💊 Neutropenia is more classically associated with carbamazepine and its risk of broader bone marrow suppression, rather than oxcarbazepine’s primary electrolyte effect.

💊 While all medications can theoretically cause rare hematologic changes, neutropenia is not the hallmark adverse effect that drives routine monitoring for oxcarbazepine.

💊 Confusing neutropenia with oxcarbazepine’s main risk may cause nurses to overemphasize CBC checks while failing to monitor serum sodium appropriately.

💊 It is especially important to distinguish the monitoring focus between carbamazepine (CBC and liver enzymes) and oxcarbazepine (serum sodium for hyponatremia).

💊 Accurate differentiation supports safer practice and allows the nurse to teach clients the correct warning signs for each medication.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Apply lubricating eye drops during the day and an eye patch at night to protect the cornea.

Rationale :

👁 In Bell’s palsy, facial nerve paralysis causes incomplete eyelid closure (lagophthalmos), which leads to reduced blinking and impaired tear distribution over the cornea.

👁 This exposes the cornea to dryness, irritation, and risk of corneal abrasion or ulceration, which can cause permanent vision damage if not prevented.

👁 Using lubricating eye drops during the day helps maintain corneal moisture, replacing the protective tear film that is not adequately spread due to weak eyelid closure.

👁 Applying an eye patch at night protects the eye from exposure, trauma, and drying while the client sleeps and cannot consciously close the eye.

👁 This combination directly addresses the primary complication: corneal injury, making it the priority nursing intervention for ocular symptoms in Bell’s palsy.

Administer prescribed oral antivirals to reduce eye irritation and pain.

👁 Oral antivirals (like acyclovir or valacyclovir) may be used in some cases of Bell’s palsy if herpes simplex virus is suspected, but they do not directly protect the cornea.

👁 Antivirals act on viral replication, not on tear production, blinking, or corneal lubrication, so they won’t prevent dryness and exposure keratopathy.

👁 While they might be part of the overall treatment regimen, they do not address the immediate risk of corneal damage from an eye that cannot close.

👁 Eye dryness and irritation in Bell’s palsy are primarily mechanical issues related to poor eyelid closure, not viral load alone.

👁 Therefore, antivirals are supportive disease therapy, not the priority intervention for acute ocular protection.

Instruct the client to avoid wearing glasses as they can irritate the affected eye.

👁 Glasses do not typically worsen Bell’s palsy eye symptoms; in fact, glasses can sometimes offer a physical barrier against dust, wind, and minor trauma.

👁 Telling the client to avoid glasses does nothing to increase lubrication or protect the cornea from dryness due to incomplete eyelid closure.

👁 The main problem is exposure and lack of moisture, not friction from properly fitted glasses.

👁 This advice could actually decrease eye protection, since glasses can help shield the eye from environmental irritants.

👁 Because it fails to address corneal protection directly, it is not appropriate or a priority intervention.

Encourage the client to keep the affected eye open to prevent muscle stiffness.

👁 Encouraging the client to keep the eye open worsens exposure of the cornea, increasing dryness, irritation, and risk of injury.

👁 In Bell’s palsy, the problem is inability to fully close the eye, not stiffness of the ocular muscles that would be helped by keeping it open.

👁 This intervention directly contradicts the goal of protecting the cornea and may accelerate corneal breakdown and pain.

👁 Safe care focuses on lubrication and coverage, not forcing the eye to remain open longer than necessary.

👁 Therefore, this option is unsafe and inappropriate, and certainly not a priority.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

60

Rationale :

✍️Order: Prednisone 1 mg/kg/day.

✍️Weight: 60 kg.

✍️To calculate the dose, multiply 1 mg/kg × 60 kg = 60 mg,

✍️Giving a total daily dose of 60 mg/day.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Place the client in a side-lying position.

Rationale :

⚡ During a seizure, the priority is airway and breathing, as the client loses voluntary control and is at risk for aspiration and airway obstruction.

⚡ Placing the client in a side-lying position helps maintain a patent airway by allowing saliva, secretions, or vomit to drain out of the mouth instead of pooling in the oropharynx.

⚡ This position also helps prevent the tongue from falling backward, which could obstruct the airway and compromise oxygenation.

⚡ The side-lying posture is a safe, non-invasive intervention that can be done quickly and does not require a provider order.

⚡ It aligns with seizure precautions and the ABCs of emergency care, making it the first and highest-priority action when a seizure is observed.

Call the provider to administer IV medications.

⚡ Although IV anti-seizure medications (such as lorazepam) may be needed, calling the provider is not the first immediate action while the seizure is actively occurring.

⚡ The nurse must first ensure basic safety and airway protection, because brain and body cannot survive without adequate oxygenation.

⚡ If the nurse delays airway positioning while calling the provider, the client could experience hypoxia, aspiration, or respiratory arrest.

⚡ Communication with the provider is essential but comes after ensuring safety measures like side-lying positioning and clearing the area.

⚡ Thus, calling the provider is important but not the priority in the first seconds of seizure onset.

Insert a padded tongue blade into the client's mouth.

⚡ Placing any object, including a padded tongue blade, into the client’s mouth during a seizure is contraindicated and unsafe.

⚡ This can lead to broken teeth, oral trauma, airway obstruction, or aspiration of broken pieces.

⚡ There is also a high risk of the nurse being bitten, causing injury to the caregiver as well.

⚡ The idea of “preventing the client from swallowing their tongue” is a myth; instead, we focus on positioning and airway protection, not forcing objects in the mouth.

⚡ Therefore, this action is harmful and should never be performed during an active seizure.

Attempt to restrain the client's arms and legs.

⚡ Restraining a client’s limbs during a seizure increases the risk of musculoskeletal injury, including fractures, joint dislocations, or soft tissue damage.

⚡ Seizure activity is involuntary, and trying to stop the movements by force can worsen agitation or cause more harm.

⚡ Instead of restraint, seizure precautions emphasize protecting the client from injury by gently guiding them away from hard objects and padding the environment.

⚡ Restraints do not prevent the seizure and may impair circulation or cause skin breakdown.

⚡ For these reasons, restraining the client is unsafe and not recommended during seizure care.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Place the client in a high-Fowler's position and prepare for possible intubation.

Rationale :

🫁 A myasthenic crisis involves severe exacerbation of Myasthenia Gravis, causing profound muscle weakness including the diaphragm and respiratory muscles.

🫁 Difficulty breathing and swallowing indicates that the client is at high risk for respiratory failure and aspiration, making airway and breathing the top priority.

🫁 Placing the client in a high-Fowler’s position improves lung expansion and helps reduce the work of breathing, aiding oxygenation.

🫁 Preparing for possible intubation anticipates worsening respiratory compromise and aligns with the need for rapid mechanical ventilation if respiratory failure develops.

🫁 This action follows the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) and recognizes myasthenic crisis as a life-threatening emergency requiring prompt respiratory support.

Provide thickened liquids only.

🫁 Thickened liquids may help reduce aspiration risk in clients with mild to moderate dysphagia, but they do not address severe respiratory muscle weakness.

🫁 In true myasthenic crisis, the problem goes beyond swallowing difficulty to involve respiratory compromise, which can quickly become fatal.

🫁 Focusing solely on oral intake ignores the urgent need for airway assessment and potential ventilatory support.

🫁 Clients in crisis are often kept NPO and may require enteral or parenteral nutrition, especially if swallowing is unsafe.

🫁 Thus, thickened liquids are not appropriate as the priority in this acute, respiratory-focused emergency.

Encourage ambulation to prevent complications.

🫁 Ambulation is generally good for preventing DVT and deconditioning, but in myasthenic crisis, muscle strength is severely compromised.

🫁 Encouraging ambulation in this state may increase oxygen demand, worsen fatigue, and precipitate respiratory collapse.

🫁 The client first needs stabilization of breathing and airway, not exertional activity that further taxes weakened muscles.

🫁 Safety and energy conservation are key principles of care in Myasthenia Gravis, especially during a crisis.

🫁 Therefore, ambulation is contraindicated as a priority and could be dangerous at this time.

Administer corticosteroids as prescribed.

🫁 Corticosteroids can be part of the longer-term management or acute treatment plan, but they do not act immediately enough to correct life-threatening respiratory failure.

🫁 The priority in myasthenic crisis is support of ventilation, potentially with intubation and mechanical ventilation.

🫁 Administering medication before securing airway can delay critical respiratory support, putting the client at risk of hypoxia and arrest.

🫁 Corticosteroids also may have side effects that need monitoring and should not be given in place of urgent airway measures.

🫁 Thus, while important, steroids are not the first priority action in an acute crisis with breathing difficulty.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Encourage fluids and position the client supine

Rationale :

💧 A post–lumbar puncture headache that worsens when the client is upright is classic for CSF leakage, which reduces CSF volume and pressure.

💧 Lying supine (flat) helps redistribute CSF and reduces the gravitational pull that worsens the headache when sitting or standing.

💧 Encouraging oral fluids or ordered IV fluids helps support CSF production and volume, potentially decreasing the severity and duration of the headache.

💧 This combination targets the physiologic cause (CSF loss and low pressure), not just the symptom, making it a priority nursing intervention.

💧 If symptoms persist or worsen despite conservative management, the provider may consider an epidural blood patch, but initial nursing care focuses on positioning and hydration.

Request an order for pain medication.

💧 Analgesics can provide symptomatic relief, but they do not treat the underlying problem of CSF leakage and low CSF pressure.

💧 Relying solely on pain medication may mask symptoms while the leak continues, and the headache may worsen when the client sits up again.

💧 Nursing care should first address the cause through supine positioning and fluids, which can actually reduce the headache intensity by restoring CSF dynamics.

💧 Medications can be used adjunctively, but they should not replace interventions that address the root cause.

💧 Therefore, pain medication alone is not the priority in suspected CSF leak.

Reassure the client that this is a normal response and encourage them to continue walking.

💧 While mild discomfort after lumbar puncture can occur, a severe positional headache that worsens when upright is not simply ignored as “normal”.

💧 Encouraging walking keeps the client upright, which can worsen symptoms because of increased gravitational pull on CSF.

💧 This response minimizes the client’s concern and fails to provide the evidence-based interventions of supine rest and hydration.

💧 The nurse should acknowledge the symptom and intervene appropriately instead of dismissing it.

💧 Therefore, this approach is inappropriate and unsafe, as it may prolong or aggravate the headache.

Document and continue routine care.

💧 Merely documenting without action ignores an important post-procedure complication and misses an opportunity to provide therapeutic intervention.

💧 A positional headache after lumbar puncture suggests CSF leakage, which requires nursing and possibly medical intervention, not just observation.

💧 Continuing routine care may keep the client sitting up or walking, which can exacerbate the headache.

💧 Documentation is important, but it comes after implementing appropriate care, not instead of it.

💧 As such, this option fails to reflect safe nursing priorities for post–lumbar puncture complications.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Turn the water on and ask the client to test the temperature.

Rationale :

🎵 Clients with Alzheimer’s disease often become agitated when they feel rushed, threatened, or confused by complex instructions.

🎵 Turning on the water and asking the client to test the temperature is a simple, concrete, task-focused request that invites them to participate in care rather than feel forced.

🎵 This approach uses step-by-step cueing, which is appropriate for cognitive impairment because it reduces cognitive load and focuses on one small task at a time.

🎵 Involving the client in testing the temperature can also increase comfort and sense of control, decreasing anxiety and resistance.

🎵 This is consistent with person-centered dementia care, which emphasizes gentle redirection, simple choices, and collaboration during personal care activities like bathing.

Firmly tell the client that good hygiene is important.

🎵 Using a firm, authoritative tone can increase fear, confusion, and resistance in clients with Alzheimer’s disease.

🎵 They may not understand abstract reasoning about “importance of hygiene”, especially when already agitated.

🎵 This approach can escalate the situation into more combative behavior, making care more difficult and potentially unsafe.

🎵 Effective dementia communication focuses on calm voice, reassurance, validation, and simple instructions, not confrontation.

🎵 Therefore, firmly insisting on hygiene is counterproductive and not therapeutic.

Obtain assistance to place mitten restraints on the client.

🎵 Restraints should always be a last resort, used only when the client is at risk of harming self or others and all other strategies have failed.

🎵 Using restraints for routine hygiene care in response to agitation can be considered restrictive and potentially abusive, and generally is not justified.

🎵 Restraints often increase agitation, fear, and aggression, especially in clients with cognitive impairment.

🎵 Best practice is to modify the approach, environment, and timing of care or return later when the client is calmer.

🎵 Thus, mitten restraints are inappropriate and non-therapeutic for this scenario.

Calmly ask the client if he would like to listen to some music.

🎵 Music can indeed be soothing and therapeutic for clients with dementia and may help reduce agitation in some situations.

🎵 However, this option does not specifically re-engage the client in the hygiene task or use task-related cueing to proceed with care.

🎵 It may be a helpful adjunct strategy, but it is less directly tied to initiating bathing in a non-threatening way than asking the client to test the water temperature.

🎵 The question focuses on morning hygiene care, so the best response is one that gently involves the client in that activity.

🎵 Thus, while music isn’t wrong in general, it is not the best priority action compared to concrete, task-specific cueing.

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Custom LPN Medical Surgical ।। NSG2340 Exam 3 Fall 2025

No.

1 :
A nurse is caring for a client with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) who is showing signs of respiratory muscle weakness and declining oxygen saturation. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize?

2 :
A Client with a severe traumatic brain injury exhibits decerebrate posturing, fixed dilated pupils, and irregular respirations. As the nurse, which action is the priority to manage this client's condition?

3 :
A nurse is planning care for a client newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which goal of treatment should the nurse prioritize to best support the client's quality of life?

4 :
Select the correct option from each drop-down menu to complete the nursing education statements about the pharmacologic treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Correct Answers

5 :
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Bell's palsy who is experiencing difficulty closing the affected eye and reports dryness and irritation. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to prevent complications related to the ocular symptoms?

6 :
A client with Bell's Palsy is prescribed prednisone 1 mg/kg/day. The client weighs 60 kg. Calculate the total daily dose of prednisone.

7 :
A nurse observes a client beginning to have a seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

8 :
A client with Myasthenia Gravis is admitted with difficulty breathing and swallowing. The nurse suspects a myasthenic crisis. What is the nurse's priority action?

9 :
After a lumbar puncture, the nurse notes that the client reports a headache that worsens when sitting upright. What is the nurse's priority action with a suspected leak of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

10 :
A nurse is preparing to provide morning hygiene care for a client who has Alzheimer's disease. The client becomes agitated and combative when the nurse approaches him. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

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Custom LPN Medical Surgical ।। NSG2340 Exam 3 Fall 2025

No.

1 : A nurse is caring for a client with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) who is showing signs of respiratory muscle weakness and declining oxygen saturation. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize?

2 : A Client with a severe traumatic brain injury exhibits decerebrate posturing, fixed dilated pupils, and irregular respirations. As the nurse, which action is the priority to manage this client's condition?

3 : A nurse is planning care for a client newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which goal of treatment should the nurse prioritize to best support the client's quality of life?

4 : Select the correct option from each drop-down menu to complete the nursing education statements about the pharmacologic treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Correct Answers

5 : A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Bell's palsy who is experiencing difficulty closing the affected eye and reports dryness and irritation. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to prevent complications related to the ocular symptoms?

6 : A client with Bell's Palsy is prescribed prednisone 1 mg/kg/day. The client weighs 60 kg. Calculate the total daily dose of prednisone.

7 : A nurse observes a client beginning to have a seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

8 : A client with Myasthenia Gravis is admitted with difficulty breathing and swallowing. The nurse suspects a myasthenic crisis. What is the nurse's priority action?

9 : After a lumbar puncture, the nurse notes that the client reports a headache that worsens when sitting upright. What is the nurse's priority action with a suspected leak of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

10 : A nurse is preparing to provide morning hygiene care for a client who has Alzheimer's disease. The client becomes agitated and combative when the nurse approaches him. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

1 :
A nurse is caring for a client with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) who is showing signs of respiratory muscle weakness and declining oxygen saturation. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize?

2 :
A Client with a severe traumatic brain injury exhibits decerebrate posturing, fixed dilated pupils, and irregular respirations. As the nurse, which action is the priority to manage this client's condition?

3 :
A nurse is planning care for a client newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which goal of treatment should the nurse prioritize to best support the client's quality of life?

4 :
Select the correct option from each drop-down menu to complete the nursing education statements about the pharmacologic treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia.

5 :
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Bell's palsy who is experiencing difficulty closing the affected eye and reports dryness and irritation. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to prevent complications related to the ocular symptoms?

6 :
A client with Bell's Palsy is prescribed prednisone 1 mg/kg/day. The client weighs 60 kg. Calculate the total daily dose of prednisone.

7 :
A nurse observes a client beginning to have a seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

8 :
A client with Myasthenia Gravis is admitted with difficulty breathing and swallowing. The nurse suspects a myasthenic crisis. What is the nurse's priority action?

9 :
After a lumbar puncture, the nurse notes that the client reports a headache that worsens when sitting upright. What is the nurse's priority action with a suspected leak of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

10 :
A nurse is preparing to provide morning hygiene care for a client who has Alzheimer's disease. The client becomes agitated and combative when the nurse approaches him. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?