Question

A nurse is caring for a 12-year-old adolescent from a low-income family. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of the influence of economic status on pediatric health care? (Select All that Apply.)

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Refer the adolescent and family to appropriate resources to assist with financial challenges.
Advocate for support networks for the adolescent and family in order to meet their specific needs.
Ask open-ended questions about how the adolescent's and family's needs are being met.

Rationale :

🔷 Refer the adolescent and family to appropriate resources. Economic status influences access to nutrition, transportation, and follow-up care.

🔷 Linking families to community funding programs reduces health disparities.

🔷 This action supports holistic pediatric care, acknowledging all determinants of health.

🔷 It promotes continuity of care by reducing dropped appointments.

🔷 It demonstrates culturally competent, family-centered practice.

🔷 Advocate for support networks Advocacy ensures families receive tailored community and social support.

🔷 It strengthens the adolescent’s emotional and social wellbeing.

🔷 Support systems reduce stress and chronic strain linked to low income.

🔷 It reinforces the nurse’s role as a patient-family champion.

🔷 It improves long-term health outcomes by addressing systemic barriers.

🔷 Ask open-ended questions Open questions help identify unmet needs related to food, housing, or transport.

🔷 This promotes trust and family involvement in care planning.

🔷 It ensures the nurse gets a full picture of environmental factors affecting health.

🔷 It encourages collaboration with caregivers for safe care.

🔷 It supports accurate assessment, improving individualized interventions.

“Remind the family that the impacts of socioeconomic status on health are minimal.”

🔷 Socioeconomic status significantly influences nutrition, chronic disease risk, and access trocar.

🔷 Minimizing its impact ignores social determinants of health.

“Disregard the client’s socioeconomic status…”

🔷 Ignoring financial background leads to unsafe or unrealistic care plans.

🔷 Pediatric care must consider family resources to ensure compliance.

“Minimize discussion of financial resources…”

🔷 Avoiding the topic hides critical barriers to health.

🔷 Nurses should discuss financial needs sensitively, not avoidantly

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Acknowledge, introduce, duration, explanation, and thank you

Rationale :

🔷 AIDET is used to improve communication and client satisfaction.

🔷 “Acknowledge” builds rapport and trust.

🔷 “Introduce” clarifies provider roles for transparency and safety.

🔷 “Duration” reduces anxiety by giving clear time expectations.

🔷 “Explanation” ensures patients understand what and why something is done.

🔷 “Thank you” reinforces respect and partnership.

“Assessment, implementation…”

🔷 These are steps of the nursing process, not AIDET.

🔷 Does not match communication-enhancing behaviors.

“Anticipate, identify…”

🔷 This combination is not a recognized framework.

🔷 Does not reflect the 5 core elements of AIDET.

“Accept, introduce…”

🔷 Incorrect sequence and wording; not associated with AIDET.

🔷 Includes irrelevant steps such as “teach back.”

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

"It results in improved quality of care and client safety results."

Rationale :

🔷 Family-centered care strengthens communication between clients and providers.

🔷 Involving families enhances accuracy of clinical information.

🔷 It improves client safety by reducing misunderstandings.

🔷 It promotes shared decision-making, creating better health outcomes.

🔷 It enhances overall quality of care through family engagement.

“It decreases collaboration…”

🔷 Family-centered care increases, not decreases, collaboration.

🔷 It connects families and providers as care partners.

“It provides a positive caregiver-focused environment.”

🔷 Family-centered care is family-focused, not caregiver-focused.

🔷 Emphasis is placed on the child and family, not staff.

“It results in increased health care costs.”

🔷 Family-centered care typically reduces costs through fewer errors.

🔷 It prevents complications, lowering overall expenses.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

"Prevent the child from playing in areas where lead-based paint may have been used."

Rationale :

🔷 Lead poisoning prevention focuses on avoiding lead dust and soil exposure.

🔷 Outdoor soil near old buildings often contains lead particles.

🔷 Toddlers have frequent hand-to-mouth behavior, increasing ingestion risk.

🔷 Eliminating exposure areas is the most effective primary prevention.

🔷 This aligns with pediatric environmental safety guidelines.

“Cook and store food in lead crystal containers…”

🔷 Lead crystal containers release lead into food—dangerous for children.

🔷 This increases poisoning, not prevents it.

“Let the child play outside often to dilute lead…”

🔷 Outdoor soil can have high lead content.

🔷 Exposure does not “dilute” lead; it increases ingestion.

“Give the child calcium supplements to treat lead poisoning.”

🔷 Calcium reduces absorption, but it does not treat poisoning.

🔷 Chelation therapy is required for actual lead removal.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

40

Rationale :

🔷 Dose formula: (Ordered ÷ Available) × Volume = mL needed.

🔷 Available concentration is 1 mg per 1 mL, since 5 mg/5 mL.

🔷 Therefore, 40 mg requires 40 mL.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers

Blank 1 Correct Option: arteriovenous malformation
Blank 2 Correct Option: cardiac assessment

Rationale :

🔶 AVMs can present with progressive neurologic symptoms, including seizures, headaches, gait disturbances, visual problems, and limb numbnesall seen in this child.

🔶 The presence of a bruit on cardiac auscultation strongly suggests turbulent blood flow, which aligns with AVMs, as they create abnormal vesselconnections producing audible bruits.

🔶 The combination of seizure-like activity, weakness, behavioral changes, and focal neurological symptoms is classic for intracranial AVM progression.

🔶 Sudden decline from a previously normal neuro exam (2 months ago) supports a developing vascular abnormality, not a stable or one-time injury.

🔶 Bladder and bowel dysfunction with extremity numbness suggests spinal or intracranial vascular involvement, both associated with AVMs interfering with neural pathways.

Focal seizure

🔶 Would not explain the bruit, which is a vascular finding.

🔶 Also does not account for progressive multi-system neurological decline.

Scoliosis

🔶 Does not cause seizures, visual problems, or bruits.

🔶 Would not lead to acute neurological deficits such as weakness and gait instability.

Migraine

🔶 Does not cause bruits or limb numbness with movement difficulty.

🔶 Migraine symptoms are episodic, not progressively worsening across multiple systems.

Concussion

🔶 Concussion symptoms do not persist or worsen after years.

🔶 Cannot produce vascular bruits or new neurological deficits.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

The child has a genetic history of Hippel-Lindau disease.

Rationale :

🟦 Hippel-Lindau disease is a hereditary vascular disorder, strongly associated with abnormal blood vessel growth, including AVMs.

🟦 Children with this gene mutation have a higher risk of CNS vascular malformations, including brain and spinal AVMs.

🟦 AVMs associated with genetic syndromes often present early with headache, seizures, neurologic deficits, consistent with AVM manifestations.

🟦 Understanding genetic predisposition helps the nurse prioritize early screening and diagnostic imaging.

🟦 Recognizing this risk supports preventive education and timely intervention to reduce complications such as hemorrhage.

The client smoked while pregnant

🟦 Maternal smoking is not associated with AVMs; it is linked with low birth weight and respiratory problems.

🟦 AVMs are congenital vascular malformations, not caused by prenatal tobacco exposure.

The child has taken phenytoin

🟦 Phenytoin does not cause AVMs; it is used to treat seizures caused by AVMs.

🟦 Medication history is relevant but not a risk factor for development.

The child is a 6-year-old female.

🟦 Age and gender are not risk factors for AVM formation.

🟦 AVMs occur regardless of sex or age category.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

3.8

Rationale :

Convert weight to kg:

22 lb ÷ 2.2 = 10 kg

Daily dose:

1.5 mg × 10 kg = 15 mg/day

Divide q6h (4 doses/day):

15 mg ÷ 4 = 3.75 mg per dose

Available concentration:

1 mg = 1 mL

→ 3.75 mg = 3.75 mL

Round to nearest tenth:

3.8 mL → but NCLEX rules: round final dose only

Answer: 3.8 mL → ROUND carefully

However, your question says "round to nearest tenth" → 3.8 mL

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

It can lead to physical manifestations in children, like stomach pain, even in the absence of a specific illness or cause.
It can negatively impact children's mental health.

Rationale :

🟦 Physical manifestations Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, causing stomach pain, headaches, or sleep issues.

🟦 Hospitalization disrupts routine and security, leading to somatic symptoms.

🟦 Toddlers often express distress physically because of limited verbal skills.

🟦 It reflects emotional strain during unfamiliar medical events.

🟦 Physical stress responses are common even without an organic cause.

🟦 Mental health impact Hospitalization can cause fear, separation anxiety, and regression.

🟦 Loss of routine affects emotional stability in young children.

🟦 Stress impacts cognitive and emotional development.

🟦 Chronic illness and hospitalization often cause withdrawal or clinginess.

🟦 Mental health effects may persist after discharge.

“Children are not affected by routine changes”

🟦 Toddlers are highly routine-dependent; changes cause distress and regression.

🟦 Hospitalization disrupts autonomy and predictability.

“Stress unlikely to influence recovery”

🟦 Stress increases pain, poor sleep, and delayed healing.

🟦 Psychological stress impacts immune response.

“All ages experience hospitalization similarly”

🟦 Responses vary by developmental stage (infant vs toddler vs school-age).

🟦 Each age group has different needs and fears.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

"The exact causes of autism spectrum disorder are not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors."

Rationale :

🟦 Research confirms ASD has strong genetic components, including family patterns.

🟦 Environmental factors (prenatal exposures, complications) may contribute but are not fully defined.

🟦 No single cause explains ASD; it is considered multifactorial.

🟦 This statement aligns with current evidence-based pediatric and psychiatric guidelines.

🟦 Teaching parents accurate information helps reduce stigma and improves early intervention.

Poor parenting causes ASD

🟦 ASD is neurological, not caused by parenting style.

🟦 This myth is outdated and harmful.

Caused by gluten/casein foods

🟦 No scientific evidence supports gluten/casein as causal.

🟦 Dietary theories are unproven for ASD etiology.

Vaccines cause autism

🟦 This claim has been fully disproven by global medical research.

🟦 Vaccines are safe and do not increase ASD risk.

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Custom Peds Exam 1 Neuro/Cog Fall 2025

No.

1 :
A nurse is caring for a 12-year-old adolescent from a low-income family. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of the influence of economic status on pediatric health care? (Select All that Apply.)

2 :
The nurse should recognize that AIDET is a communication tool nurses use to enhance the health care experience for clients and families. Which of the following correctly exemplifies AIDET?

3 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a student nurse about the positive results of providing family-centered care. Which of the following statements by the student nurse shows that the teaching has been effective?

4 :
A nurse is reinforcing education to the caregiver of a 2-year-old toddler diagnosed with lead poisoning. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

5 :
A nurse is preparing to administer prednisone 40 mg PO to an adolescent client. Available is prednisone oral solution 5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

6 :
A nurse is assisting in the care of a child in emergency department (ED).

Correct Answers

7 :
A nurse is collecting data on a child for risk of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Which of the following is a factor the nurse should recognize as being a risk factor for AVM?

9 :
A nurse is assisting in the care of a toddler who has been hospitalized for a chronic illness. Which of the following statements regarding the potential impact of hospitalization on a child's health are correct? (Select All that Apply.)

10 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of parents about potential causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following statements should the nurse reinforce?

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Custom Peds Exam 1 Neuro/Cog Fall 2025

No.

1 : A nurse is caring for a 12-year-old adolescent from a low-income family. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of the influence of economic status on pediatric health care? (Select All that Apply.)

2 : The nurse should recognize that AIDET is a communication tool nurses use to enhance the health care experience for clients and families. Which of the following correctly exemplifies AIDET?

3 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a student nurse about the positive results of providing family-centered care. Which of the following statements by the student nurse shows that the teaching has been effective?

4 : A nurse is reinforcing education to the caregiver of a 2-year-old toddler diagnosed with lead poisoning. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

5 : A nurse is preparing to administer prednisone 40 mg PO to an adolescent client. Available is prednisone oral solution 5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

6 : A nurse is assisting in the care of a child in emergency department (ED).

Correct Answers

7 : A nurse is collecting data on a child for risk of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Which of the following is a factor the nurse should recognize as being a risk factor for AVM?

9 : A nurse is assisting in the care of a toddler who has been hospitalized for a chronic illness. Which of the following statements regarding the potential impact of hospitalization on a child's health are correct? (Select All that Apply.)

10 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of parents about potential causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following statements should the nurse reinforce?

1 :
A nurse is caring for a 12-year-old adolescent from a low-income family. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of the influence of economic status on pediatric health care? (Select All that Apply.)

2 :
The nurse should recognize that AIDET is a communication tool nurses use to enhance the health care experience for clients and families. Which of the following correctly exemplifies AIDET?

3 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a student nurse about the positive results of providing family-centered care. Which of the following statements by the student nurse shows that the teaching has been effective?

4 :
A nurse is reinforcing education to the caregiver of a 2-year-old toddler diagnosed with lead poisoning. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

5 :
A nurse is preparing to administer prednisone 40 mg PO to an adolescent client. Available is prednisone oral solution 5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

6 :
A nurse is assisting in the care of a child in emergency department (ED).

7 :
A nurse is collecting data on a child for risk of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Which of the following is a factor the nurse should recognize as being a risk factor for AVM?

9 :
A nurse is assisting in the care of a toddler who has been hospitalized for a chronic illness. Which of the following statements regarding the potential impact of hospitalization on a child's health are correct? (Select All that Apply.)

10 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of parents about potential causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following statements should the nurse reinforce?