Question

The nurse is caring for a client with halitosis. Which of these is the most effective treatment for this diagnosis

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Eliminating the underlying cause

Rationale :

💎 Halitosis (bad breath) is often due to oral infection, dental decay, or sinus/throat problems; treating the root cause ensures long-term relief.

💎 Mouthwash or mints only mask odor temporarily, but do not cure the underlying condition.

💎 Identifying and correcting the cause (e.g., poor oral hygiene, infection, or gastrointestinal reflux) leads to lasting improvement.

💎 The nurse should assess oral cavity, dental health, and gastrointestinal symptoms to determine the origin.

💎 Addressing underlying causes promotes holistic care and prevents recurrence of halitosis.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

It blocks serotonin receptors to reduce nausea

Rationale :

🔷 Ondansetron acts as a serotonin 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist, preventing stimulation of the vomiting center.

🔷 It works at both central (chemoreceptor trigger zone) and peripheral (GI tract) sites.

🔷 This action helps prevent chemotherapy, postoperative, or radiation-induced nausea.

🔷 It does not affect acid production or motility, distinguishing it from antacids and prokinetics.

🔷 Understanding the mechanism helps nurses educate patients and anticipate adverse effects like QT prolongation.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers

Blank 1 Correct Option: Thrush
Blank 2 Correct Option: Administer Nystatin swish and swallow and Educate client to rinse mouth after inhaler use
Blank 3 Correct Option: Monitor oral mucosa for healing and Monitor nutrition and hydration

Rationale :

♦ The client’s white plaques that bleed on scraping indicate oral candidiasis (thrush).

♦ Nystatin is an antifungal that eradicates Candida albicans locally in the mouth.

♦ Rinsing after inhaler use prevents steroid residue that promotes fungal growth.

♦ Monitoring the mucosa helps evaluate treatment effectiveness and healing.

♦ Nutrition and hydration must be maintained since painful lesions reduce oral intake.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Oral Candidiasis

Rationale :

🟩 Corticosteroid inhalers suppress local immune defense, creating an environment for fungal overgrowth.

🟩 Candida albicans commonly colonizes the mouth, leading to thrush formation.

🟩 Symptoms include white plaques, soreness, and altered taste.

🟩 Preventive care involves rinsing the mouth after each inhaler use.

🟩 Early detection prevents progression to systemic fungal infection.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Eat small frequent meals throughout the day

Rationale :

🟣 Small, frequent meals prevent an empty stomach, which triggers morning sickness.

🟣 Avoiding large meals reduces gastric distension and nausea.

🟣 The nurse should instruct the client to avoid greasy or spicy foods that worsen symptoms.

🟣 Including protein-rich snacks before rising may also help reduce nausea.

🟣 Maintaining hydration through sipping fluids between meals prevents dehydration.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Assess the client's current vital signs

Rationale :

🔵 Before administering ondansetron, baseline vitals help detect hemodynamic changes like hypotension or tachycardia.

🔵 Ondansetron can cause bradycardia or QT prolongation, making vital sign assessment critical.

🔵 Monitoring ensures the client’s safety before antiemetic administration.

🔵 Vital data assist in evaluating medication effectiveness post-administration.

🔵 This step follows the nursing process (Assessment before Action).

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

NSAIDs often cause GI irritation that can result in peptic ulcers.

Rationale :

🟠 NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which normally protects the gastric lining.

🟠 The absence of prostaglandins increases acid secretion and mucosal injury.

🟠 Misoprostol is a prostaglandin analog that replaces the protective function.

🟠 It helps prevent ulcers in clients using NSAIDs chronically.

🟠 Nurses must educate patients to avoid use during pregnancy due to its abortifacient properties.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Acetaminophen

Rationale :

🟥 Acetaminophen is safe for headache relief because it does not irritate the stomach lining.

🟥 NSAIDs like ibuprofen or naproxen can aggravate gastritis and delay healing.

🟥 Acetaminophen acts centrally, offering analgesic and antipyretic effects without gastric side effects.

🟥 The nurse should remind the client not to exceed 4 g/day to avoid liver toxicity.

🟥 Proper selection ensures symptom relief without worsening gastritis.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Notify the healthcare provider about the EKG findings.

Rationale :

🟡 Prolonged QT interval indicates potential for life-threatening arrhythmias.

🟡 Ondansetron can alter cardiac conduction, especially in clients with electrolyte imbalance.

🟡 The nurse’s priority is client safety—report findings immediately for further evaluation.

🟡 Medication may need to be stopped or dosage adjusted after provider review.

🟡 Continuous monitoring prevents ventricular dysrhythmias (e.g., Torsades de Pointes).

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

The client is currently pregnant

Rationale :

🟢 Misoprostol stimulates uterine contractions and can cause miscarriage or premature labor.

🟢 It is contraindicated during pregnancy unless used specifically for labor induction under supervision.

🟢 The drug’s prostaglandin-like action increases uterine tone and cervical ripening.

🟢 The nurse must verify pregnancy status before administering misoprostol.

🟢 Education includes using reliable contraception during therapy.

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ati Custom LPN Pharmacology III NSG2410 Exam 1 Fall 2025

No.

1 :
The nurse is caring for a client with halitosis. Which of these is the most effective treatment for this diagnosis

2 :
A nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed ondansetron for postoperative nausea. What should the nurse include about the purpose of this medication?

3 :
Ms. Carter, a 65-year-old female with a history of asthma. presents to the clinic complaining of painful white patches in her mouth and on her tongue.

Correct Answers

4 :
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uses a corticosteroid inhaler bid. Which adverse effect is associated with this medication?

5 :
A nurse is educating a client that is 10 weeks pregnant on non-pharmacological methods of reducing morning sickness. Which of the following will the nurse include in this teaching?

6 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting. The nurse anticipates administering ondansetron. What is the priority action the nurse should take before administering this medication?

7 :
A client who is taking NSAIDs frequently to treat arthritis asks the nurse why misoprostol has also been prescribed. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?

8 :
A client who takes famotidine for gastritis asks the home care nurse which medication she should take for a headache. Which OTC medication is most appropriate for the nurse to recommend?

9 :
A client who has been taking ondansetron reports experiencing palpitations. The nurse monitors the client's electrocardiogram (EKG) and notes a prolonged QT interval. What should the nurse do next?

10 :
A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who is prescribed misoprostol. Which finding should the nurse identify as a contraindication to receiving this medication?

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ati Custom LPN Pharmacology III NSG2410 Exam 1 Fall 2025

No.

1 : The nurse is caring for a client with halitosis. Which of these is the most effective treatment for this diagnosis

2 : A nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed ondansetron for postoperative nausea. What should the nurse include about the purpose of this medication?

3 : Ms. Carter, a 65-year-old female with a history of asthma. presents to the clinic complaining of painful white patches in her mouth and on her tongue.

Correct Answers

4 : A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uses a corticosteroid inhaler bid. Which adverse effect is associated with this medication?

5 : A nurse is educating a client that is 10 weeks pregnant on non-pharmacological methods of reducing morning sickness. Which of the following will the nurse include in this teaching?

6 : A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting. The nurse anticipates administering ondansetron. What is the priority action the nurse should take before administering this medication?

7 : A client who is taking NSAIDs frequently to treat arthritis asks the nurse why misoprostol has also been prescribed. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?

8 : A client who takes famotidine for gastritis asks the home care nurse which medication she should take for a headache. Which OTC medication is most appropriate for the nurse to recommend?

9 : A client who has been taking ondansetron reports experiencing palpitations. The nurse monitors the client's electrocardiogram (EKG) and notes a prolonged QT interval. What should the nurse do next?

10 : A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who is prescribed misoprostol. Which finding should the nurse identify as a contraindication to receiving this medication?

1 :
The nurse is caring for a client with halitosis. Which of these is the most effective treatment for this diagnosis

2 :
A nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed ondansetron for postoperative nausea. What should the nurse include about the purpose of this medication?

3 :
Ms. Carter, a 65-year-old female with a history of asthma. presents to the clinic complaining of painful white patches in her mouth and on her tongue.

4 :
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uses a corticosteroid inhaler bid. Which adverse effect is associated with this medication?

5 :
A nurse is educating a client that is 10 weeks pregnant on non-pharmacological methods of reducing morning sickness. Which of the following will the nurse include in this teaching?

6 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting. The nurse anticipates administering ondansetron. What is the priority action the nurse should take before administering this medication?

7 :
A client who is taking NSAIDs frequently to treat arthritis asks the nurse why misoprostol has also been prescribed. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?

8 :
A client who takes famotidine for gastritis asks the home care nurse which medication she should take for a headache. Which OTC medication is most appropriate for the nurse to recommend?

9 :
A client who has been taking ondansetron reports experiencing palpitations. The nurse monitors the client's electrocardiogram (EKG) and notes a prolonged QT interval. What should the nurse do next?

10 :
A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who is prescribed misoprostol. Which finding should the nurse identify as a contraindication to receiving this medication?