Question

The nurse is instructing a client about management of hyperlipidemia .Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

"By taking my cholesterol medication, I will not need to modify my diet"

Rationale :

◼️Hyperlipidemia management requires a combination of pharmacologic therapy and lifestyle modification; medications alone are not sufficient.

◼️A heart-healthy diet (low in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol, high in fiber) is essential to reduce LDL cholesterol and improve lipid profile.

◼️Exercise improves HDL levels and supports weight management, both of which contribute to lowering cardiovascular risk.

◼️Client education should emphasize that medications supplement but do not replace dietary and lifestyle changes.

◼️Regular monitoring through lipid panels helps track the effectiveness of the combined therapy.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

lorazepam (Ativan)

Rationale :

🟡Alcohol withdrawal can cause seizures, agitation, and delirium tremens, which are life-threatening complications.

🟡Benzodiazepines such as lorazepam are the first-line agents because they enhance GABA activity, producing a calming effect that prevents seizures and decreases CNS hyperexcitability.

🟡Lorazepam has the advantage of a shorter half-life and no active metabolites, making it particularly safe for clients with hepatic impairment often associated with alcoholism.

🟡Early administration prevents escalation of withdrawal symptoms, reducing morbidity and mortality.

🟡Continuous monitoring is necessary for respiratory depression and sedation when administering benzodiazepines.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Erythema
Pain

Rationale :

Erythema

🔵Redness along the vein at the IV site indicates inflammation of the vessel wall, a hallmark sign of phlebitis.

🔵This occurs from mechanical, chemical, or bacterial irritation of the vein.

🔵Immediate intervention includes stopping the infusion and removing the IV to prevent complications.

Pain

🔵Localized tenderness or pain at the site reflects irritation and inflammation of the venous wall.

🔵Pain may precede visible redness, making it an early indicator of phlebitis.

🔵Nurses should assess IV sites frequently to detect this symptom early.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

25 gtt/min

Rationale :

✍️ Formula:

✅Flow rate = (Volume × Drop factor) ÷ Time (minutes).

✅Volume = 100 mL/hr → 100 mL ÷ 60 min

✅1.67 mL/min.

✍️ Multiply by drop factor:

✅1.67 × 15 gtt/mL

✅25 gtt/min

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Use a filter needle to draw up the medication.

Rationale :

✔️Glass ampules can shed microscopic shards when snapped open, which may contaminate the medication.

✔️A filter needle traps glass fragments and prevents them from entering the syringe.

✔️This practice reduces the risk of embolism, tissue irritation, or vessel damage if injected.

✔️After drawing up, the nurse should switch to a regular needle for administration.

✔️This is a safety standard in medication preparation.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Albuterol

Rationale :

⚫Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA), the rescue inhaler for acute bronchospasm.

⚫It works by causing bronchodilation, relieving airway obstruction within minutes.

⚫It can also be taken before exercise to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm.

⚫Other drugs like montelukast are for long-term control, not acute relief.

⚫Teaching should stress carrying albuterol at all times for immediate use.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents

Rationale :

🔷Nonselective beta-blockers block beta-2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchoconstriction that worsens asthma.

🔷This effect can precipitate severe asthma attacks, making these drugs contraindicated.

🔷If beta-blockers are required, cardioselective (beta-1 selective) agents may be used cautiously.

🔷Alternative antihypertensive classes like ACE inhibitors or diuretics are safer in asthmatic patients.

🔷Nurses must carefully assess the client’s history before administering beta-blockers.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Rebound effect

Rationale :

🌟Repeated use of nasal decongestants (e.g., oxymetazoline) causes downregulation of receptors and dependency.

🌟When the drug is stopped, congestion worsens, a phenomenon called rhinitis medicamentosa.

🌟This rebound occurs due to vascular dilation after the constrictive effect of the drug wears off.

🌟Patients should be educated to limit decongestant use to 3–5 days.

🌟Management includes discontinuing the agent and sometimes prescribing intranasal corticosteroids.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Cephalosporins

Rationale :

🟢Clients allergic to penicillin may develop cross-sensitivity reactions to cephalosporins because both share a beta-lactam structure.

🟢Risk is highest in those with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin.

🟢Careful allergy history and close monitoring are essential if cephalosporins are prescribed.

🟢Alternative classes like macrolides or quinolones may be considered for treatment.

🟢Safe prescribing reduces the risk of hypersensitivity reactions.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

41.7

Rationale :

✍️Formula:

✅Volume ÷ Time = Rate.

✅500 mL ÷ 12 hr

✅41.7 mL/hr.

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NSG 1211 MED SURG Pharmacology Summer 2025

No.

1 :
The nurse is instructing a client about management of hyperlipidemia .Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

2 :
A client is brought to the emergency department in acute alcohol withdrawal accompanied by seizure activity .Which of the following drugs does the nurse anticipate will be ordered?

3 :
A nurse is observing a client's IV infusion site. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as indications of phlebitis? (Select all that apply)

4 :
An IV is ordered to infuse at 100 ml/hr. The nurse has an IV infusion set with a drip factor of 15 gtt/ml. What is the flow rate in gtt/min?

5 :
A nurse is preparing an injection using a single dose glass ampule. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

6 :
The nurse is teaching a school-age child about asthma medications. Which medication will the nurse teach to be used as needed for shortness of breath or just before exercise to prevent dyspnea?

7 :
Which class of antihypertensive agents should be avoided by patients with asthma?

8 :
When a person uses a nasal decongestant frequently, then stops taking the drug and notices even more congestion occurring, what is this phenomenon called?

9 :
A patient allergic to penicillin is being evaluated for a gram-negative infection. Which antimicrobial drug class would the health care provider be cautious in prescribing because of a possible cross sensitivity and/or allergic reaction?

10 :
Order: Normal saline 500 mL is to infuse over 12 hours. What is the pump rate? (Round to the nearest tenth. NUMERIC ANSWERS ONLY)

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NSG 1211 MED SURG Pharmacology Summer 2025

No.

1 : The nurse is instructing a client about management of hyperlipidemia .Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

2 : A client is brought to the emergency department in acute alcohol withdrawal accompanied by seizure activity .Which of the following drugs does the nurse anticipate will be ordered?

3 : A nurse is observing a client's IV infusion site. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as indications of phlebitis? (Select all that apply)

4 : An IV is ordered to infuse at 100 ml/hr. The nurse has an IV infusion set with a drip factor of 15 gtt/ml. What is the flow rate in gtt/min?

5 : A nurse is preparing an injection using a single dose glass ampule. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

6 : The nurse is teaching a school-age child about asthma medications. Which medication will the nurse teach to be used as needed for shortness of breath or just before exercise to prevent dyspnea?

7 : Which class of antihypertensive agents should be avoided by patients with asthma?

8 : When a person uses a nasal decongestant frequently, then stops taking the drug and notices even more congestion occurring, what is this phenomenon called?

9 : A patient allergic to penicillin is being evaluated for a gram-negative infection. Which antimicrobial drug class would the health care provider be cautious in prescribing because of a possible cross sensitivity and/or allergic reaction?

10 : Order: Normal saline 500 mL is to infuse over 12 hours. What is the pump rate? (Round to the nearest tenth. NUMERIC ANSWERS ONLY)

1 :
The nurse is instructing a client about management of hyperlipidemia .Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

2 :
A client is brought to the emergency department in acute alcohol withdrawal accompanied by seizure activity .Which of the following drugs does the nurse anticipate will be ordered?

3 :
A nurse is observing a client's IV infusion site. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as indications of phlebitis? (Select all that apply)

4 :
An IV is ordered to infuse at 100 ml/hr. The nurse has an IV infusion set with a drip factor of 15 gtt/ml. What is the flow rate in gtt/min?

5 :
A nurse is preparing an injection using a single dose glass ampule. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

6 :
The nurse is teaching a school-age child about asthma medications. Which medication will the nurse teach to be used as needed for shortness of breath or just before exercise to prevent dyspnea?

7 :
Which class of antihypertensive agents should be avoided by patients with asthma?

8 :
When a person uses a nasal decongestant frequently, then stops taking the drug and notices even more congestion occurring, what is this phenomenon called?

9 :
A patient allergic to penicillin is being evaluated for a gram-negative infection. Which antimicrobial drug class would the health care provider be cautious in prescribing because of a possible cross sensitivity and/or allergic reaction?

10 :
Order: Normal saline 500 mL is to infuse over 12 hours. What is the pump rate? (Round to the nearest tenth. NUMERIC ANSWERS ONLY)