1 :

Hint : Communication signals between immune cells

Correct Answers:

  • Cytokines

Rationale :
✔Cytokines are chemical messengers released by immune cells (like T-helper cells) to directly activate or regulate other immune cells during an immune response. ✔Perforin and Granzymes are used to kill infected cells. ✴Lysozymes break down bacterial cell walls
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2 :

Hint : totipotent ⇾"total potential"

Correct Answers:

  • Develops into any kind of cell

Rationale :
📌A totipotent cell has the ability to develop into any type of cell in the body, including both embryonic and extra-embryonic (placental) tissues.
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3 :

Hint : Obligate intracellular parasites with no metabolism

Correct Answers:

  • Viruses

Rationale :
🔬Viruses lack their own metabolic pathways and can only reproduce inside a host cell because they rely on the host's cellular machinery for replication. ✔Helminths and Protozoa are parasites but have their own metabolism. 📎 Bacteria are independent cells with their own metabolic processes.
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4 :

Hint : Genes and regulation.

Correct Answers:

  • Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses.

Rationale :
🔬Some viruses carry oncogenes or genes that can disrupt normal cell division regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer development. This directly supports the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer.
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5 :

Hint : Neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine.

Correct Answers:

  • Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.

Rationale :
✔Sodium bicarbonate is released by the pancreas to neutralize the acidic chyme coming from the stomach into the small intestine, creating a suitable pH for digestive enzymes to function.
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Total Questions: 5

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