Question

What is the primary mechanism of action for corticosteroids in treating autoimmune disorders?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Suppression of Inflammatory cytokines

Rationale :

♦ Corticosteroids block pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, interleukins).

♦ This decreases immune cell migration to sites of inflammation.

♦ They also stabilize lysosomal membranes, reducing tissue destruction.

♦ Suppressing cytokines prevents exacerbation of autoimmune tissue damage.

♦ Not directly enhancing antibody production or stimulating B/T cells.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Alendronate

Rationale :

🔶 Alendronate (bisphosphonate) is linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw, especially after dental procedures.

🔶 It inhibits osteoclast activity, slowing bone resorption.

🔶 Patients must have dental assessments before therapy.

🔶 Teaching includes reporting jaw pain or swelling promptly.

🔶 Methotrexate and ibuprofen do not cause jaw necrosis.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Rationale :

◼ Long-term NSAID use inhibits COX-1, decreasing gastric mucosa protection.

◼ This results in gastric ulcers and GI bleeding as the most common serious side effect.

◼ Patients must report black stools or abdominal pain.

◼ Prolonged use also risks renal impairment, but GI effects remain primary.

◼ Weight gain and respiratory depression are unrelated to NSAIDs.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Rationale :

🔷 Acetaminophen is safest for clients with peptic ulcer disease because it does not irritate gastric lining.

🔷 NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen) increase ulcer perforation and bleeding risk.

🔷 Acetaminophen is effective for mild-to-moderate pain like headaches.

🔷 Use within recommended doses to prevent hepatic toxicity.

🔷 Preferred analgesic in PUD and anticoagulated clients.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

“This medication will help stimulate my white blood cell production.”

Rationale :

♦ Filgrastim (Neupogen) is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).

♦ It increases neutrophil production in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

♦ It does not affect platelets or require antihistamines prophylactically.

♦ Teaching includes monitoring for bone pain (common side effect).

♦ WBC count should be monitored to prevent leukocytosis.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Ensure patient takes medication with a full glass of water.

Rationale :

🔶 Alendronate can irritate the esophagus, causing esophagitis.

🔶 Taking with a full glass of water ensures passage into the stomach.

🔶 Patients must remain upright for at least 30 min after administration.

🔶 Taking with food or milk decreases absorption and efficacy.

🔶 Lying down immediately increases esophageal injury risk.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Antidepressants

Rationale :

◼ TCAs (amitriptyline) and SNRIs (duloxetine) are first-line for neuropathic pain.

◼ They modulate serotonin and norepinephrine pathways that influence pain perception.

◼ NSAIDs and opioids are less effective for neuropathic pain mechanisms.

◼ Antihistamines have no role in neuropathic pain control.

◼ Gradual dose titration prevents sedation and dizziness.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Grape fruit juice

Rationale :

🔷 Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4, increasing cyclosporine levels and risk of nephrotoxicity.

🔷 Patients should avoid grapefruit and its juice while on cyclosporine.

🔷 No significant interaction with pepperoni, orange juice, or smoked salmon.

🔷 Monitoring renal function is essential due to drug accumulation.

🔷 Instruct clients to report decreased urine output or swelling.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

History of gastric ulcers

Rationale :

♦ Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with gastric ulcers due to risk of GI bleeding.

♦ Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, further worsening bleeding risk.

♦ Migraine history, glaucoma, and amenorrhea are not direct contraindications.

♦ Other analgesics (acetaminophen) are safer for such clients.

♦ Teach signs of GI bleeding if aspirin is prescribed in other conditions.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Inhibits uric acid production

Rationale :

🔷 Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for converting xanthine to uric acid.

🔷 Reducing uric acid production prevents tophi formation and urate crystal deposition in joints.

🔷 It is used for chronic gout management, not for acute attacks.

🔷 Long-term use lowers the frequency of gouty arthritis flares.

🔷 Unlike probenecid, it does not increase renal excretion but instead decreases production.

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QLexNursing

1 :
What is the primary mechanism of action for corticosteroids in treating autoimmune disorders?

2 :
Which musculoskeletal medication is often associated with the risk of osteoporosis of the jaw?

3 :
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with long-term use of NSAIDs?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a patient with peptic ulcer disease who is complaining of a headache. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer to the patient to address the headache?

5 :
A nurse is administering a dose of filgrastim (Neupogen) to a patient receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates an understanding of the medication?

6 :
When administering alendronate, a medication used for osteoporosis. what is the recommended nursing action to minimize esophageal irritation?

7 :
Which class of drugs is considered first-line treatment for neuropathic pain?

8 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is to start taking cyclosporine following a kidney transplant. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following foods can have an adverse interaction with this medication?

9 :
A nurse is caring for a female client who has rheumatoid arthritis and asks the nurse if it is safe for her to take aspirin. The nurse should recognize which of the following findings in the client’s history is a contraindication to this medication?

10 :
What is the mechanism of action of allopurinol in the treatment of gout?

QLexNursing

1 : What is the primary mechanism of action for corticosteroids in treating autoimmune disorders?

2 : Which musculoskeletal medication is often associated with the risk of osteoporosis of the jaw?

3 : Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with long-term use of NSAIDs?

4 : A nurse is caring for a patient with peptic ulcer disease who is complaining of a headache. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer to the patient to address the headache?

5 : A nurse is administering a dose of filgrastim (Neupogen) to a patient receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates an understanding of the medication?

6 : When administering alendronate, a medication used for osteoporosis. what is the recommended nursing action to minimize esophageal irritation?

7 : Which class of drugs is considered first-line treatment for neuropathic pain?

8 : A nurse is caring for a client who is to start taking cyclosporine following a kidney transplant. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following foods can have an adverse interaction with this medication?

9 : A nurse is caring for a female client who has rheumatoid arthritis and asks the nurse if it is safe for her to take aspirin. The nurse should recognize which of the following findings in the client’s history is a contraindication to this medication?

10 : What is the mechanism of action of allopurinol in the treatment of gout?

1 :
What is the primary mechanism of action for corticosteroids in treating autoimmune disorders?

2 :
Which musculoskeletal medication is often associated with the risk of osteoporosis of the jaw?

3 :
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with long-term use of NSAIDs?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a patient with peptic ulcer disease who is complaining of a headache. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer to the patient to address the headache?

5 :
A nurse is administering a dose of filgrastim (Neupogen) to a patient receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates an understanding of the medication?

6 :
When administering alendronate, a medication used for osteoporosis. what is the recommended nursing action to minimize esophageal irritation?

7 :
Which class of drugs is considered first-line treatment for neuropathic pain?

8 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is to start taking cyclosporine following a kidney transplant. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following foods can have an adverse interaction with this medication?

9 :
A nurse is caring for a female client who has rheumatoid arthritis and asks the nurse if it is safe for her to take aspirin. The nurse should recognize which of the following findings in the client’s history is a contraindication to this medication?

10 :
What is the mechanism of action of allopurinol in the treatment of gout?