Question

A nurse is teaching about neural tube defects to a group of females who are pregnant. Which of the following disease processes should the nurse include as an example of a neural tube defect?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Spina bifida

Rationale :

🧠 Spina bifida is a neural tube defect (NTD) that results from incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development.

🧠 It can present in forms such as meningocele or myelomeningocele, often leading to motor dysfunction, paralysis, or bladder issues.

🧠 NTDs occur within the first 28 days of pregnancy, often before many women know they are pregnant, which is why folic acid supplementation is essential pre-conception.

🧠 Other conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy are not NTDs but affect the neuromuscular system.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

"My son might complain of feeling shaky when he has a low blood glucose level

Rationale :

🩺 Hypoglycemia in children often presents with shakiness, sweating, irritability, tachycardia, and sometimes dizziness or fatigue.

🩺 Parents should be taught to recognize these signs as early indicators of low blood sugar, requiring prompt treatment (e.g., juice, glucose tablets).

🩺 Hyperglycemia tends to develop more gradually and includes symptoms like polyuria, polydipsia, and nausea.

🩺 Recognizing shakiness as a hallmark symptom enables timely intervention and helps prevent seizures or coma.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Increased sleeping

Rationale :

💤 Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants can present as lethargy, irritability, vomiting, bulging fontanelles, and changes in consciousness.

💤 Excessive sleepiness or difficult arousal can indicate cerebral edema or compression, especially after trauma.

💤 Other red flags include sunsetting eyes, widening sutures, and poor feeding.

💤 Tachycardia and depressed fontanelles are not typical signs of increased ICP.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

elevate the head of the bed

Rationale :

🛌 Periorbital edema in nephrotic syndrome is due to hypoalbuminemia and fluid retention.

🛌 Elevating the head helps facilitate venous return, reducing fluid accumulation around the eyes.

🛌 Other interventions may include diuretics, albumin infusion, and fluid restriction, but positioning is a simple and effective first step.

🛌 Warm compresses or cold soaks are not standard for nephrotic edema and provide minimal benefit.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Position the child side-lying

Rationale :

🚑 During a tonic-clonic seizure, the priority is to maintain airway patency and reduce aspiration risk.

🚑 Placing the child in a side-lying position allows saliva and emesis to drain from the mouth safely.

🚑 While other actions like loosening clothes and clearing hazards are important, positioning always comes first in active seizure care.

🚑 Do not insert anything into the mouth or attempt to restrain the child.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Bike helmet safety

Rationale :

🚴 Wearing a properly fitted bike helmet significantly reduces the risk of head injury and concussion in children.

🚴 Education about using protective gear during biking, skating, and sports is essential for injury prevention.

🚴 Concussions can happen even with mild impact, so prevention is critical.

🚴 Teaching children and parents about safe play practices fosters long-term health habits.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Check the child's day weight

Rationale :

⚖️ In acute glomerulonephritis, children experience fluid retention and hypertension due to impaired kidney function.

⚖️ Daily weight is the most accurate way to assess fluid status and response to therapy.

⚖️ Sudden weight gain may indicate worsening edema or overload, requiring prompt adjustment of fluid or medication.

⚖️ This measure is more urgent than dietary teaching or IV access during the acute phase.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

BUN 50 mg/dL (elevated)

Rationale :

🧪 Chronic glomerulonephritis leads to impaired glomerular filtration, causing retention of nitrogenous wastes like BUN and creatinine.

🧪 A BUN level of 50 mg/dL is significantly elevated and reflects progressive kidney damage.

🧪 Associated findings may include proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and electrolyte imbalances.

🧪 Monitoring BUN helps determine the severity of renal impairment and guides long-term treatment.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Daily weight

Rationale :

📏 In nephrotic syndrome, children develop massive proteinuria, leading to generalized edema (anasarca).

📏 Daily weights are essential to monitor fluid retention or loss in response to diuretics, albumin therapy, and diet.

📏 It is the most sensitive and non-invasive method to detect subtle fluid shifts.

📏 Ambulation is not prioritized during fluid overload, and seizure precautions are not routine unless neurologic symptoms occur.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

A step-wise approach will be used to reduce the dosage gradually.

Rationale :

📉 After 2 years of being seizure-free, some children with epilepsy may be eligible for tapering off anti-seizure medications.

📉 The taper must be done gradually, under provider supervision, to prevent withdrawal seizures.

📉 Abrupt discontinuation is dangerous, and the decision is individualized based on EEG results, seizure type, and risk factors.

📉 Long-term medication may not be necessary for all pediatric patients with epilepsy.

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QLexNursing

1 :
A nurse is teaching about neural tube defects to a group of females who are pregnant. Which of the following disease processes should the nurse include as an example of a neural tube defect?

2 :
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of a child who has a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?

3 :
A nurse is assessing an infant following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor to identify increased Intracranial pressure?

4 :
A 4-year-old with nephrotic syndrome is experiencing severe periorbital edema. The best measure the nurse could institute to help reduce the periorbital edema is:

5 :
A nurse is caring for a child who is having a tonic-clonic seizure and vomiting. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?

6 :
What do we include as part of our concussion/head injury prevention teaching to children and parents:

7 :
A nurse is caring for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?

8 :
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an adolescent who has chronic glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

9 :
A toddler diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome has a nursing diagnosis of excess fluid related to fluid accumulation (generalized edema). Which nursing intervention would be the priority to include in the nursing plan of care?

10 :
A child with epilepsy has been seizure free for 2 years. A father asks the nurse how much longer the child will need to take the anti-seizure medications. The nurse includes which of the following in the response?

QLexNursing

1 : A nurse is teaching about neural tube defects to a group of females who are pregnant. Which of the following disease processes should the nurse include as an example of a neural tube defect?

2 : A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of a child who has a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?

3 : A nurse is assessing an infant following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor to identify increased Intracranial pressure?

4 : A 4-year-old with nephrotic syndrome is experiencing severe periorbital edema. The best measure the nurse could institute to help reduce the periorbital edema is:

5 : A nurse is caring for a child who is having a tonic-clonic seizure and vomiting. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?

6 : What do we include as part of our concussion/head injury prevention teaching to children and parents:

7 : A nurse is caring for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?

8 : A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an adolescent who has chronic glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

9 : A toddler diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome has a nursing diagnosis of excess fluid related to fluid accumulation (generalized edema). Which nursing intervention would be the priority to include in the nursing plan of care?

10 : A child with epilepsy has been seizure free for 2 years. A father asks the nurse how much longer the child will need to take the anti-seizure medications. The nurse includes which of the following in the response?

1 :
A nurse is teaching about neural tube defects to a group of females who are pregnant. Which of the following disease processes should the nurse include as an example of a neural tube defect?

2 :
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of a child who has a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?

3 :
A nurse is assessing an infant following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor to identify increased Intracranial pressure?

4 :
A 4-year-old with nephrotic syndrome is experiencing severe periorbital edema. The best measure the nurse could institute to help reduce the periorbital edema is:

5 :
A nurse is caring for a child who is having a tonic-clonic seizure and vomiting. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?

6 :
What do we include as part of our concussion/head injury prevention teaching to children and parents:

7 :
A nurse is caring for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?

8 :
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of an adolescent who has chronic glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

9 :
A toddler diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome has a nursing diagnosis of excess fluid related to fluid accumulation (generalized edema). Which nursing intervention would be the priority to include in the nursing plan of care?

10 :
A child with epilepsy has been seizure free for 2 years. A father asks the nurse how much longer the child will need to take the anti-seizure medications. The nurse includes which of the following in the response?