Question

A nurse is caring for a client who has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Decreased urinary stream

Rationale :

✍️Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland common in older men.

✍️ As the prostate enlarges, it compresses the urethra, leading to urinary obstruction.

✍️ A hallmark symptom of this is a decreased urinary stream, or weak urine flow.

✍️ Other signs may include incomplete bladder emptying, hesitancy, and nocturia.

✍️ Painful urination or a critically high PSA is not specific to BPH and may suggest infection or malignancy.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Increased urine output

Rationale :

🔸Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), commonly occurring after cranial surgery or trauma.

🔸 This deficiency leads to massive diuresis, resulting in polyuria (increased urine output) and polydipsia.

🔸Unlike other endocrine disorders, DI is not associated with fluid retention or high glucose.

🔸 It’s crucial to monitor urine output and specific gravity after a craniotomy to catch DI early and prevent dehydration or electrolyte imbalance.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Heat intolerance
Diarrhea
Weight loss

Rationale :

🟪 Heat intolerance:

Due to increased basal metabolic rate, individuals with hyperthyroidism feel excessively warm or uncomfortable in heated environments.
The thyroid hormone accelerates metabolism, which raises core temperature.

🟪 Diarrhea:

Hyperthyroidism speeds up gastrointestinal motility, often leading to frequent, loose stools or diarrhea.
This is in contrast to constipation seen in hypothyroidism.

🟪 Weight loss:

Despite a normal or increased appetite, clients with excess thyroid hormone experience significant weight loss due to rapid calorie burning.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Maintain the client in a Fowler's position, with head neutral and supported by pillows.

Rationale :

🔹After a total thyroidectomy, the greatest risk is airway obstruction due to tracheal compression or bleeding.

🔹Positioning the client in Fowler’s position with the head in a neutral position supported by pillows minimizes neck strain.

🔹It also enhances venous drainage and reduces the risk of edema or hemorrhage.

🔹Supine positioning and neck turning can compromise airway and wound integrity.

🔹Coughing can increase intracranial and neck pressure, which is not advisable immediately post-op.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

After the procedure, you will be encouraged to drink plenty of fluids.

Rationale :

🔸 An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) uses iodinated contrast dye to visualize the urinary system.

🔸 After the procedure, increased fluid intake is critical to help flush the contrast agent from the kidneys and prevent nephrotoxicity, especially in clients with existing kidney concerns.

🔸 The other options describe unrelated procedures: high-frequency sound waves refer to ultrasound, and remaining flat post-procedure is associated with lumbar puncture, not IVP.

🔸 The presence of red blood cells in the urine does not automatically cancel the IVP but may be investigated further.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Nervousness

Rationale :

🔷 Nervousness is a classic symptom of hypoglycemia, along with shakiness, sweating, tachycardia, irritability, and confusion.

🔷 It results from activation of the sympathetic nervous system in response to low blood glucose levels.

🔷When blood glucose falls too low (typically <70 mg/dL), the brain becomes deprived of its primary energy source, triggering these signs.

🔷Fruity breath is indicative of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis, while warm skin and anorexia are not key markers of hypoglycemia.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Managing diarrhea

Rationale :

🍃In clients experiencing an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, the primary concern is controlling diarrhea.

🍃Diarrhea leads to fluid and electrolyte loss, nutritional deficiencies, risk of dehydration, and impaired skin integrity.

🍃It also significantly affects the client’s comfort and quality of life.

🍃Stabilizing the physical symptoms is the first and most urgent priority in the acute phase of this inflammatory bowel disease.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Weight gain
Constipation
Decreased energy

Rationale :

🟪 Weight gain:

✅ Clients with hypothyroidism often experience unexplained weight gain due to a slowed metabolism caused by low thyroid hormone levels.

✅The body burns fewer calories, even at rest.

🟪 Constipation:

✅Decreased gastrointestinal motility is another hallmark of hypothyroidism.

✅ It leads to slow bowel movements, contributing to chronic constipation.

🟪 Decreased energy:

✅ Thyroid hormones are essential for cellular energy production.

✅When deficient, clients typically report fatigue, lethargy, and a general sense of sluggishness.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Schedule periods of rest in between activities

Rationale :

✳️Fatigue is a prominent and persistent symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS) due to neurological impairment and demyelination.

✳️The most appropriate intervention is to help the client conserve energy by scheduling rest periods between activities, thereby minimizing exertion and allowing recovery.

✳️ This approach prevents the exacerbation of symptoms and supports the client’s ability to perform daily activities more effectively.

✳️Warm baths can increase body temperature and worsen MS symptoms, and vitamins alone do not address fatigue management directly.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

You will remain NPO for 8 hours before the procedure.

Rationale :

👉Endoscopy involves the insertion of a flexible scope into the upper GI tract and carries a risk of aspiration if the stomach contains food or fluids.

👉Clients must therefore be NPO (nothing by mouth) for 6–8 hours prior to the procedure.

👉This precaution ensures a clear field of vision for the physician and minimizes aspiration risk during sedation.

👉 The scope is inserted through the mouth, not the nose, and IV contrast is not used for endoscopy—it is used for imaging studies such as CT scans or IVPs.

👉Clients are also typically sedated but not fully awake, enhancing comfort.

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QLexNursing

1 : A nurse is caring for a client who has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

2 : A nurse is monitoring a client for findings related to diabetes insipidus following a craniotomy. Which of the following findings should indicate a manifestation of this condition to the nurse?

3 : Which of the following clinical manifestations should a nurse expect from a client with hyperthyroidism? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

4 : The nurse is caring for a client after a total thyroidectomy. The nurse’s priority should be to:

5 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

6 : The nurse should teach a diabetic client which symptom is indicative of hypoglycemia.

7 : Which goal for the client's care should take priority when caring for a client admitted due to exacerbation of ulcerative colitis?

8 : A client has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism. What information should the nurse obtain when conducting a focused assessment? Select all that apply.

9 : A client with multiple sclerosis is seen by the home health nurse and complains of severe fatigue. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

10 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching about an endoscopy with a client who has dysphagia. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?