Question

Which of the following assessments would be most useful in determining a patient's genetic risk for breast cancer?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Are you aware of your BRCA (breast cancer gene) status?

Rationale :

✍️ Genetic risk for breast cancer is most accurately assessed by determining whether a client has a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation.

✍️ These mutations significantly increase the lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancers.

✍️ Self-exams and mammograms detect cancer early but do not determine genetic risk.

✍️ Asking about BRCA status guides preventive and surveillance strategies.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Stop the transfusion.

Rationale :

✔️ Chills and back pain during a blood transfusion suggest an acute hemolytic reaction, a life-threatening emergency.

✔️ The nurse must immediately stop the transfusion to prevent further exposure to incompatible blood.

✔️ Notifying the provider and covering the client follow after stopping the transfusion.

✔️ Prompt action reduces risk of shock, renal failure, or death.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Stop the infusion of blood.

Rationale :

🍃 The combination of chills, back pain, and hypotension (BP 80/64 mm Hg) indicates a severe transfusion reaction.

🍃 The first and most critical action is to stop the transfusion to prevent further antigen exposure.

🍃 Only after stopping should the nurse notify the provider, obtain specimens, and monitor vitals.

🍃 Early response prevents escalation to hemolysis and multi-organ damage.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Finger contractures.

Rationale :

◈ Systemic scleroderma is a connective tissue disorder that causes fibrosis and tightening of skin and internal organs.

◈ Over time, finger contractures (sclerodactyly) develop due to skin thickening and joint stiffness.

◈ Skin thinning occurs early; later complications include Raynaud's phenomenon and pulmonary fibrosis.

◈ Periorbital edema and excess salivation are not typical findings.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

"Eating a high fiber diet will reduce my risk for developing skin cancer."

Rationale :

⪼ High-fiber diets are beneficial for colon health but have no impact on skin cancer prevention.

⪼ The other statements correctly identify key preventive measures such as avoiding tanning beds, checking skin regularly, and wearing sunscreen.

⪼ Misinformation should be corrected to prevent false sense of protection.

⪼ Education should emphasize UV exposure reduction as the most effective strategy.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Blood

Rationale :

✳️ The guaiac stool test (gFOBT) is used to detect occult (hidden) blood in the stool.

✳️ It helps screen for gastrointestinal bleeding, colon cancer, or ulcers.

✳️ It is not intended to detect parasites, fat (steatorrhea), or yeast.

✳️ The client should avoid red meat and certain medications before testing to reduce false positives.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

The client who has a nasogastric (NG) tube to suction.

Rationale :

✔️ NG suction removes gastric contents, including hydrogen and potassium, increasing the risk for metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia.

✔️ Prolonged suction can significantly lower serum potassium, leading to muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac issues.

✔️ Other drainage devices listed do not cause substantial potassium loss.

✔️ Electrolyte monitoring is essential in patients on NG suction.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Stool

Rationale :

🍃 In chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic enzyme supplements are given to aid in fat digestion.

🍃 Effectiveness is assessed by observing for reduced steatorrhea (fatty, foul-smelling stools).

🍃 Stool normalization indicates that enzymes are working.

🍃 Saliva, nasal mucus, and urine are unrelated to this enzyme therapy.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

This is likely related to new-onset hepatic encephalopathy.

Rationale :

⪢ End-stage liver disease with ascites can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, caused by elevated ammonia levels.

⪢ Symptoms include confusion, altered mental status, and behavior changes.

⪢ This is distinct from dementia or UTI, although they may have overlapping features in older adults.

⪢ Management includes lactulose therapy and protein regulation.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Increased serum lipase.

Rationale :

▶ In acute pancreatitis, the most specific and sensitive lab marker is serum lipase, which becomes elevated within hours of onset.

▶ Amylase may also rise but is less specific.

▶ Calcium often decreases, and WBC may rise but is non-diagnostic.

▶ A diagnosis is confirmed with clinical symptoms and elevated lipase.

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QLexNursing

1 :
Which of the following assessments would be most useful in determining a patient's genetic risk for breast cancer?

2 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing chills and back pain during a blood transfusion. What should be the nurse's priority action?

3 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving one unit of packed red blood cells (RBCs) due to intraoperative blood loss. The client reports chills and back pain, and their blood pressure is 80/64 mm Hg. What should be the nurse's first action?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with systemic scleroderma five years ago. The nurse plans to assess the client to document the disease's progression. In addition to skin changes, which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

5 :
A nurse is educating a client about preventing skin cancer. Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?

6 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a stool test for guaiac. The nurse understands the purpose of the test is to check the stool for which of the following substances?

7 :
A nurse is caring for four clients who have drainage tubes. Which of the following clients should the nurse recognize as being at risk for hypokalemia?

8 :
Which body substance should the nurse observe to evaluate the effectiveness of pancreatic enzyme replacement for a patient with chronic pancreatitis?

10 :
A nurse admits a patient to the emergency department who reports nausea and vomiting that worsens when he lies down. Antacids do not help. The provider suspects acute pancreatitis. Which of the following laboratory test results should the nurse expect to see?

QLexNursing

1 : Which of the following assessments would be most useful in determining a patient's genetic risk for breast cancer?

2 : A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing chills and back pain during a blood transfusion. What should be the nurse's priority action?

3 : A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving one unit of packed red blood cells (RBCs) due to intraoperative blood loss. The client reports chills and back pain, and their blood pressure is 80/64 mm Hg. What should be the nurse's first action?

4 : A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with systemic scleroderma five years ago. The nurse plans to assess the client to document the disease's progression. In addition to skin changes, which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

5 : A nurse is educating a client about preventing skin cancer. Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?

6 : A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a stool test for guaiac. The nurse understands the purpose of the test is to check the stool for which of the following substances?

7 : A nurse is caring for four clients who have drainage tubes. Which of the following clients should the nurse recognize as being at risk for hypokalemia?

8 : Which body substance should the nurse observe to evaluate the effectiveness of pancreatic enzyme replacement for a patient with chronic pancreatitis?

10 : A nurse admits a patient to the emergency department who reports nausea and vomiting that worsens when he lies down. Antacids do not help. The provider suspects acute pancreatitis. Which of the following laboratory test results should the nurse expect to see?

1 :
Which of the following assessments would be most useful in determining a patient's genetic risk for breast cancer?

2 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing chills and back pain during a blood transfusion. What should be the nurse's priority action?

3 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving one unit of packed red blood cells (RBCs) due to intraoperative blood loss. The client reports chills and back pain, and their blood pressure is 80/64 mm Hg. What should be the nurse's first action?

4 :
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with systemic scleroderma five years ago. The nurse plans to assess the client to document the disease's progression. In addition to skin changes, which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

5 :
A nurse is educating a client about preventing skin cancer. Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?

6 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a stool test for guaiac. The nurse understands the purpose of the test is to check the stool for which of the following substances?

7 :
A nurse is caring for four clients who have drainage tubes. Which of the following clients should the nurse recognize as being at risk for hypokalemia?

8 :
Which body substance should the nurse observe to evaluate the effectiveness of pancreatic enzyme replacement for a patient with chronic pancreatitis?

10 :
A nurse admits a patient to the emergency department who reports nausea and vomiting that worsens when he lies down. Antacids do not help. The provider suspects acute pancreatitis. Which of the following laboratory test results should the nurse expect to see?