Question

A parent and their 4-year-old child are waiting in an exam room when the nurse enters and greets and observes them. Which activity of the child best demonstrates the primary developmental task of the preschool-age child, according to Erikson?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

opening drawers in the room, pulling out and examining supplies

Rationale :

📗 According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the primary developmental task of the preschool-age child is initiative versus guilt.

📗 This stage generally occurs from approximately 3 to 6 years of age, making it appropriate for this 4-year-old child.

📗 Initiative develops when children independently explore their environment, begin activities, make choices, and investigate unfamiliar objects.

📗 Opening drawers and examining supplies demonstrates curiosity, exploration, and self-directed activity, which are characteristic of initiative.

📗 Preschoolers frequently want to discover how things work and may enthusiastically investigate their surroundings without fully understanding boundaries or potential hazards.

📗 Adults should provide safe opportunities for exploration while setting clear and appropriate limits when an activity could cause injury or interfere with others.

📗 Excessive criticism or punishment for normal exploratory behavior can contribute to guilt, making the child hesitant to initiate activities independently.

📗 The child's spontaneous exploration of the examination room therefore most clearly demonstrates Erikson's developmental task of initiative versus guilt.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

The child is able to draw shapes such as circles and squares

Rationale :

🌹 At approximately 4 years of age, children demonstrate increasingly refined fine motor and visual-motor skills.

🌹 A preschooler at this age can typically copy or draw simple geometric shapes, including a circle and a square.

🌹 Drawing these shapes requires coordinated use of hand muscles, visual perception, and hand-eye coordination.

🌹 The ability to draw a square is particularly useful as a developmental milestone because it requires greater control than simple scribbling.

🌹 Preschool children progressively move from uncontrolled scribbling toward recognizable shapes, objects, and simple representations.

🌹 Fine motor development at this age also supports activities such as using scissors, manipulating small objects, and beginning to form simple designs.

🌹 Nurses assess these abilities when evaluating whether a child's fine motor development is progressing appropriately for age.

🌹 Drawing circles and squares therefore best reflects the expected developmental skill level of a 4-year-old child.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

large piece puzzle

Rationale :

✍️ A 3-year-old child is in the preschool developmental period and benefits from toys that encourage fine motor skills, problem-solving, and cognitive development.

✍️ A large piece puzzle is developmentally appropriate because the pieces are easy for small hands to grasp and manipulate.

✍️ Simple puzzles encourage the child to practice matching, spatial relationships, shape recognition, and hand-eye coordination.

✍️ Large pieces also reduce the risk of choking, making them safer than toys containing small detachable components.

✍️ The child's improved condition and increased desire to play provide an opportunity to support normal developmental activities during hospitalization.

✍️ Preschool-age children enjoy activities that allow them to explore, manipulate objects, and complete simple tasks independently.

✍️ Completing a puzzle can also provide a sense of accomplishment and initiative, supporting psychosocial development during the preschool years.

✍️ A large piece puzzle is therefore the most developmentally appropriate choice among the available toys for this active 3-year-old.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

82 lb (37.2 kg)

Rationale :

👉 During the school-age years, children generally experience steady, predictable increases in height and weight.

👉 A school-age child typically gains approximately 4 to 7 lb (2 to 3 kg) per year, although individual growth patterns vary.

👉 This child weighed 80 lb one year ago and now weighs 82 lb, representing a gain of only 2 lb.

👉 A 2-lb annual increase is below the expected average weight gain for a 10-year-old child.

👉 This finding warrants further assessment of the child's growth pattern, nutrition, health status, and developmental progress.

👉 The nurse should evaluate the child's current height, weight, BMI-for-age percentile, and previous growth measurements rather than relying on one measurement alone.

👉 Consistently crossing downward through established growth percentiles can be particularly concerning and may indicate inadequate nutritional intake or an underlying health problem.

👉 The relatively small increase from 80 lb to 82 lb therefore requires further assessment for appropriate growth and development.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

"Keep the time to about 4 minutes total."

Rationale :

♦️ A commonly taught guideline for time-out is approximately 1 minute for each year of the child's age.

♦️ Since this child is 4 years old, an appropriate time-out duration is approximately 4 minutes.

♦️ Time-out works by briefly removing the child from positive reinforcement and stimulating activities after unacceptable behavior.

♦️ Keeping the period short makes the consequence understandable and developmentally appropriate for a preschool-age child.

♦️ Excessively long time-outs generally do not improve effectiveness and can cause frustration or resentment.

♦️ Parents should place the child in a safe, quiet, and minimally stimulating location during the time-out.

♦️ Discipline should be consistent and immediate, with parents clearly identifying the behavior that resulted in the consequence.

♦️ Using the 1 minute per year of age guideline makes approximately 4 minutes the appropriate duration for this 4-year-old child.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

A child pretends to be a teacher and asked another child to be the pretend student in "class."

Rationale :

✏️ At 4 years of age, children commonly engage in associative and increasingly cooperative play, interacting with other children during shared activities.

✏️ Dramatic or pretend play is especially characteristic of preschool-age children because imagination develops rapidly during this stage.

✏️ Pretending to be a teacher while assigning another child the role of student demonstrates imaginative role-playing and social interaction.

✏️ Preschoolers frequently imitate adult roles and activities, such as playing teacher, parent, doctor, nurse, or shopkeeper.

✏️ This type of play helps children develop language, creativity, social skills, and understanding of social roles.

✏️ Playing complementary roles also requires children to communicate and coordinate their actions with other children.

✏️ Such imaginative interaction supports Erikson's developmental stage of initiative versus guilt, during which children actively create and initiate activities.

✏️ Interactive dramatic play with assigned roles therefore best demonstrates typical play behavior for a 4-year-old child.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Record this as a normal finding in an early school-age child.

Rationale :

👉 In early school-age children, the palatine tonsils can normally appear relatively large or prominent during physical examination.

👉 Lymphoid tissue grows rapidly during childhood and may reach its greatest relative size during the early school-age years.

👉 Somewhat enlarged tonsils alone do not indicate tonsillitis or another pathological condition when the child has no associated symptoms.

👉 Findings suggesting infection would include fever, throat pain, erythema, exudate, difficulty swallowing, and tender cervical lymph nodes.

👉 Findings suggesting significant obstruction would include snoring, sleep-disordered breathing, mouth breathing, or respiratory difficulty.

👉 The question describes only somewhat enlarged tonsils and provides no evidence of infection, pain, or airway obstruction.

👉 The nurse should document the tonsillar appearance as part of the child's normal physical assessment findings.

👉 Recording this as a normal developmental finding is therefore the most appropriate action for an otherwise asymptomatic 6-year-old child.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

initiative

Rationale :

♦️ According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the developmental task of the preschool child is initiative versus guilt.

♦️ This stage generally occurs between approximately 3 and 6 years of age.

♦️ Preschool children develop initiative by independently exploring, planning activities, asking questions, and trying new experiences.

♦️ Imaginative and pretend play allows children to experiment with different roles and initiate interactions with others.

♦️ Parents and caregivers promote initiative by providing opportunities for independent choices and age-appropriate activities.

♦️ Appropriate encouragement helps the child develop purpose, confidence, and willingness to take initiative.

♦️ Excessive criticism or restriction can cause the child to develop guilt about their desires and independent actions.

♦️ Initiative versus guilt is therefore the Erikson psychosocial conflict associated with the preschool period.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Putting shapes into appropriate holes

Rationale :

🌼 An 18-month-old toddler is developing rapidly in fine motor coordination, problem-solving, and visual-spatial skills.

🌼 A shape sorter allows the child to grasp objects, compare shapes, and place them into matching openings.

🌼 This activity is developmentally appropriate because toddlers enjoy manipulating objects and experimenting with cause and effect.

🌼 Matching shapes also promotes early cognitive development by helping the child recognize differences in size and form.

🌼 The activity can be performed quietly, making it well suited for a hospitalized child who needs calm play.

🌼 Large, safe pieces are important because toddlers are still at risk for choking if small objects are available.

🌼 The nurse should choose toys that support the child's developmental abilities without requiring complex rules or advanced fine motor precision.

🌼 Putting shapes into appropriate holes therefore provides an age-appropriate, quiet, and developmentally stimulating activity for an 18-month-old.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

vision and hearing

Rationale :

🌻 Routine vision and hearing screening is particularly important for children between 6 and 8 years of age because sensory problems can significantly affect learning and school performance.

🌻 Children may have visual or hearing deficits without recognizing or reporting that they are having difficulty.

🌻 Vision problems can interfere with reading, writing, classroom participation, and academic achievement.

🌻 Hearing impairment can affect speech, language development, communication, attention, and learning.

🌻 School-based screening allows potential sensory deficits to be identified early, before they cause significant educational difficulties.

🌻 Abnormal findings should prompt referral for a more comprehensive vision or audiologic evaluation.

🌻 The school nurse also assesses for behaviors such as squinting, sitting close to the board, inattentiveness, or difficulty following verbal instructions.

🌻 Prioritizing vision and hearing screening therefore supports early identification of problems that could interfere with the child's educational and developmental progress.

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QLexNursing

1 :
A parent and their 4-year-old child are waiting in an exam room when the nurse enters and greets and observes them. Which activity of the child best demonstrates the primary developmental task of the preschool-age child, according to Erikson?

2 :
A 4-year-old child is drawing with crayons. Which creation by the child would most be reflective of the anticipated skill level of this age?

3 :
A 3-year-old child is hospitalized with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. The child's condition has improved, and the child is much more active and eager to play. Which toy should the nurse offer the child?

4 :
The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 10-year-old child. The nurse notes that 1 year ago the child weighed 80 lb (36.3 kg). Which weight, if noted during this assessment, would alert the nurse to further assess the child for appropriate growth and development?

5 :
The parents of a 4-year-old child ask the nurse, "We want to use 'time-out' to help discipline our child. But we are not sure how long we should keep our child in time-out?" Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

6 :
A nurse is observing a group of 4-year-old children in a play area. What action, when observed by the nurse, would alert the nurse to typical play for this age group?

7 :
On physical examination, the nurse discovers that a 6-year-old child's palatine tonsils are somewhat enlarged in the back of the throat. What action will the nurse take?

8 :
According to Erikson, the task for the preschool child is to develop:

9 :
The pediatric nurse is planning quiet activities for a hospitalized 18-month-old. What would be an appropriate activity for this age group?

10 :
The school nurse is preparing to conduct routine health screenings of the elementary school students. Which screening will the nurse prioritize for students ages 6 to 8?

QLexNursing

1 : A parent and their 4-year-old child are waiting in an exam room when the nurse enters and greets and observes them. Which activity of the child best demonstrates the primary developmental task of the preschool-age child, according to Erikson?

2 : A 4-year-old child is drawing with crayons. Which creation by the child would most be reflective of the anticipated skill level of this age?

3 : A 3-year-old child is hospitalized with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. The child's condition has improved, and the child is much more active and eager to play. Which toy should the nurse offer the child?

4 : The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 10-year-old child. The nurse notes that 1 year ago the child weighed 80 lb (36.3 kg). Which weight, if noted during this assessment, would alert the nurse to further assess the child for appropriate growth and development?

5 : The parents of a 4-year-old child ask the nurse, "We want to use 'time-out' to help discipline our child. But we are not sure how long we should keep our child in time-out?" Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

6 : A nurse is observing a group of 4-year-old children in a play area. What action, when observed by the nurse, would alert the nurse to typical play for this age group?

7 : On physical examination, the nurse discovers that a 6-year-old child's palatine tonsils are somewhat enlarged in the back of the throat. What action will the nurse take?

8 : According to Erikson, the task for the preschool child is to develop:

9 : The pediatric nurse is planning quiet activities for a hospitalized 18-month-old. What would be an appropriate activity for this age group?

10 : The school nurse is preparing to conduct routine health screenings of the elementary school students. Which screening will the nurse prioritize for students ages 6 to 8?

1 :
A parent and their 4-year-old child are waiting in an exam room when the nurse enters and greets and observes them. Which activity of the child best demonstrates the primary developmental task of the preschool-age child, according to Erikson?

2 :
A 4-year-old child is drawing with crayons. Which creation by the child would most be reflective of the anticipated skill level of this age?

3 :
A 3-year-old child is hospitalized with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. The child's condition has improved, and the child is much more active and eager to play. Which toy should the nurse offer the child?

4 :
The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 10-year-old child. The nurse notes that 1 year ago the child weighed 80 lb (36.3 kg). Which weight, if noted during this assessment, would alert the nurse to further assess the child for appropriate growth and development?

5 :
The parents of a 4-year-old child ask the nurse, "We want to use 'time-out' to help discipline our child. But we are not sure how long we should keep our child in time-out?" Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

6 :
A nurse is observing a group of 4-year-old children in a play area. What action, when observed by the nurse, would alert the nurse to typical play for this age group?

7 :
On physical examination, the nurse discovers that a 6-year-old child's palatine tonsils are somewhat enlarged in the back of the throat. What action will the nurse take?

8 :
According to Erikson, the task for the preschool child is to develop:

9 :
The pediatric nurse is planning quiet activities for a hospitalized 18-month-old. What would be an appropriate activity for this age group?

10 :
The school nurse is preparing to conduct routine health screenings of the elementary school students. Which screening will the nurse prioritize for students ages 6 to 8?