Question

Which nursing theorist identified the effect of internal and external stressors on the equilibrium of the system as the focus of the theory?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Betty Neuman

Rationale :

🎯 Betty Neuman developed the Neuman Systems Model, which views the client as an open system that continually interacts with the environment.

🎯 The theory focuses on how intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal stressors affect the client’s stability or equilibrium.

🎯 Protective defenses, including the flexible line of defense, normal line of defense, and lines of resistance, help the client respond to stressors.

🎯 Nursing interventions are directed toward preventing stressor penetration, restoring stability, and maintaining optimal wellness.

🎯 Neuman’s model therefore directly identifies the effects of internal and external stressors on the equilibrium of the client system.

Distractor Analysis :

Rationale for Incorrect Options to be Available Soon

Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Lack of energy

Rationale :

💎 A client with schizophrenia may experience avolition, which is a negative symptom characterized by decreased motivation and inability to initiate goal-directed activities.

💎 Lack of energy and motivation can interfere with bathing, grooming, changing clothing, and maintaining oral hygiene.

💎 The client may understand that hygiene is needed but remain unable to begin or complete the task independently.

💎 Nursing interventions include breaking hygiene activities into small steps, providing structure, and offering assistance without promoting dependence.

💎 Reduced energy and initiative are therefore expected cues supporting the diagnosis of impaired ability to perform hygiene.

Distractor Analysis :

Rationale for Incorrect Options to be Available Soon

Answer 3

Correct Answers:

"I can be successful if I do all the things required to learn the job."

Rationale :

🧿 Cognitive reframing helps a person identify distorted or negative thoughts and replace them with more realistic, constructive beliefs.

🧿 This statement demonstrates confidence while acknowledging that success requires effort, learning, and completion of necessary tasks.

🧿 The client is no longer assuming inevitable failure or viewing personal ability in absolute negative terms.

🧿 The thought is optimistic but remains realistic because it connects success with specific actions rather than making an unsupported guarantee.

🧿 This balanced perspective indicates that the client has successfully applied cognitive reframing.

Distractor Analysis :

Rationale for Incorrect Options to be Available Soon

Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Hyponatremia

Rationale :

🍊 Some clients with schizophrenia develop psychogenic polydipsia, which involves compulsive consumption of excessive amounts of water.

🍊 Excess water intake dilutes the sodium concentration in the bloodstream and produces dilutional hyponatremia.

🍊 Manifestations can include headache, nausea, confusion, muscle weakness, seizures, decreased consciousness, and cerebral edema.

🍊 The nurse should monitor fluid intake, daily weight, neurological status, serum sodium, and urine output.

🍊 Severe or rapidly developing hyponatremia is a medical emergency because it can cause seizures and life-threatening brain swelling.

Distractor Analysis :

Rationale for Incorrect Options to be Available Soon

Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Providing stress reduction seminars at the local senior center

Rationale :

✳️ Primary prevention aims to prevent mental health problems before they occur in individuals who are not currently experiencing a disorder or crisis.

✳️ Stress-reduction seminars teach coping skills, relaxation strategies, and healthy responses before stress produces significant impairment.

✳️ Offering the program at a senior center reaches a community population and promotes emotional wellness.

✳️ Other primary prevention examples include parenting education, substance-use prevention, resilience training, and mental health awareness programs.

✳️ This intervention therefore reduces risk factors and strengthens coping before a psychiatric condition develops.

Distractor Analysis :

Rationale for Incorrect Options to be Available Soon

Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Cortisol

Rationale :

⚽ Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone released by the adrenal cortex in response to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

⚽ Persistent stress can cause prolonged cortisol elevation and interfere with normal regulation of mood, sleep, appetite, memory, and immune function.

⚽ Abnormal activity of the stress-response system has been associated with severe depression and other stress-related psychiatric disorders.

⚽ Chronically elevated cortisol may contribute to hippocampal dysfunction, impaired concentration, fatigue, and changes in emotional regulation.

⚽ Cortisol is therefore the hormone most closely associated with severe depression induced or worsened by prolonged stress.

Distractor Analysis :

Rationale for Incorrect Options to be Available Soon

Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Reflecting and exploring

Rationale :

✨ The nurse uses reflecting by identifying and directing attention to the anger heard in the client’s voice.

✨ Reflecting helps the client become more aware of feelings that may not have been stated directly.

✨ The phrase “Tell me about that” uses exploring by encouraging the client to discuss the emotion in greater depth.

✨ These techniques promote self-expression without judging, interpreting, or telling the client what to feel.

✨ Combining reflection with exploration helps uncover the meaning of the client’s anger and supports therapeutic insight.

Distractor Analysis :

Rationale for Incorrect Options to be Available Soon

Answer 8

Correct Answers:

4

Rationale :

🎯 Area 4 identifies the cerebellum, the rounded structure located behind the brainstem in the posterior part of the brain.

🎯 The cerebellum coordinates voluntary skeletal muscle movements, ensuring that movements are smooth, precise, and properly timed.

🎯 It also integrates information from the muscles, joints, vestibular system, and cerebral cortex to maintain balance, posture, and muscle tone.

🎯 Damage to this area may cause ataxia, poor coordination, intention tremors, an unsteady gait, and difficulty performing rapid alternating movements.

🎯 The cerebellum does not initiate voluntary movement but continuously adjusts motor activity so the intended movement is performed accurately.

Distractor Analysis :

Rationale for Incorrect Options to be Available Soon

Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Nonlinear

Rationale :

🎯 The nonlinear principle of recovery recognizes that improvement does not occur in a smooth, predictable, or continuously upward pattern.

🎯 A person may make progress, experience setbacks, learn from those experiences, and then continue moving toward recovery.

🎯 The nurse’s statement that appropriate behaviors are gradually learned through experience reflects this flexible process.

🎯 Temporary symptom recurrence does not mean that treatment has failed or that recovery is impossible.

🎯 Caregivers should support persistence, celebrate small gains, and avoid becoming discouraged when the client’s progress fluctuates.

Distractor Analysis :

Rationale for Incorrect Options to be Available Soon

Answer 10

Correct Answers:

"I have many friends who love and core for me."

Rationale :

💎 Cognitive reframing involves replacing distressing, distorted thoughts with realistic and constructive alternatives.

💎 The client shifts attention away from rejection and recognizes an existing network of supportive relationships.

💎 This statement does not deny the emotional pain of the breakup but places the loss within a broader and more balanced perspective.

💎 Recognizing social support can reduce isolation, hopelessness, and negative self-evaluation associated with depression.

💎 The response therefore demonstrates effective use of a realistic, positive thought to counter depressive thinking.

Distractor Analysis :

Rationale for Incorrect Options to be Available Soon

QLexNursing

1 :
Which nursing theorist identified the effect of internal and external stressors on the equilibrium of the system as the focus of the theory?

2 :
Which cue will the nurse anticipate when reviewing the care plan for a patient with schizophrenia and a nursing diagnosis of impaired ability to perform hygiene?

3 :
Which statement by a patient who has been taught cognitive reframing indicates that the teaching was successful?

4 :
Which electrolyte imbalance can occur in patients with schizophrenia who are experiencing polydipsia?

5 :
An example of primary prevention includes which nursing action in the community?

6 :
Which hormone may be responsible for severe depression induced by stress?

7 :
During a therapeutic encounter the nurse remarks to a patient, "I noticed anger in your voice when you spoke of your parent. Tell me about that." Which communication techniques are the nurse using?

8 :
Which identified area on the graphic of the brain is responsible for regulating skeletal muscle coordination?

10 :
A patient is extremely depressed after ending a relationship with a partner. The nurse is teaching cognitive reframing techniques to this patient as a means to counteract depression. Which response given by the patient indicates effective teaching by the nurse?

QLexNursing

1 : Which nursing theorist identified the effect of internal and external stressors on the equilibrium of the system as the focus of the theory?

2 : Which cue will the nurse anticipate when reviewing the care plan for a patient with schizophrenia and a nursing diagnosis of impaired ability to perform hygiene?

3 : Which statement by a patient who has been taught cognitive reframing indicates that the teaching was successful?

4 : Which electrolyte imbalance can occur in patients with schizophrenia who are experiencing polydipsia?

5 : An example of primary prevention includes which nursing action in the community?

6 : Which hormone may be responsible for severe depression induced by stress?

7 : During a therapeutic encounter the nurse remarks to a patient, "I noticed anger in your voice when you spoke of your parent. Tell me about that." Which communication techniques are the nurse using?

8 : Which identified area on the graphic of the brain is responsible for regulating skeletal muscle coordination?

10 : A patient is extremely depressed after ending a relationship with a partner. The nurse is teaching cognitive reframing techniques to this patient as a means to counteract depression. Which response given by the patient indicates effective teaching by the nurse?

1 :
Which nursing theorist identified the effect of internal and external stressors on the equilibrium of the system as the focus of the theory?

2 :
Which cue will the nurse anticipate when reviewing the care plan for a patient with schizophrenia and a nursing diagnosis of impaired ability to perform hygiene?

3 :
Which statement by a patient who has been taught cognitive reframing indicates that the teaching was successful?

4 :
Which electrolyte imbalance can occur in patients with schizophrenia who are experiencing polydipsia?

5 :
An example of primary prevention includes which nursing action in the community?

6 :
Which hormone may be responsible for severe depression induced by stress?

7 :
During a therapeutic encounter the nurse remarks to a patient, "I noticed anger in your voice when you spoke of your parent. Tell me about that." Which communication techniques are the nurse using?

8 :
Which identified area on the graphic of the brain is responsible for regulating skeletal muscle coordination?

10 :
A patient is extremely depressed after ending a relationship with a partner. The nurse is teaching cognitive reframing techniques to this patient as a means to counteract depression. Which response given by the patient indicates effective teaching by the nurse?