Question

What physical symptoms can accompany a panic episode/attack? Select all that apply. One, some, or all may be correct.

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

Sweating
Chest pain
Feelings of choking

Rationale :

Sweating

🔷 Sweating occurs during a panic attack because the sympathetic nervous system becomes highly activated.

🔷 This causes the body to release stress hormones such as epinephrine, leading to diaphoresis, trembling, palpitations, and a sense of danger.

🔷 The client may feel as though something life-threatening is happening even when there is no actual physical threat.

🔷 Sweating is an important sign because it reflects the body’s fight-or-flight response.

🔷 The nurse should remain calm, stay with the client, reduce stimulation, and encourage slow breathing.

Chest pain

🔷 Chest pain can accompany a panic attack because anxiety increases heart rate, muscle tension, and respiratory effort.

🔷 The client may describe chest tightness, pressure, or discomfort, which can intensify fear during the episode.

🔷 Chest pain during panic may feel similar to cardiac symptoms, so the nurse should still assess carefully and rule out urgent causes when needed.

🔷 Panic-related chest discomfort often occurs with palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, and fear of losing control.

🔷 Recognizing this symptom helps the nurse provide reassurance while maintaining appropriate safety assessment.

Feelings of choking

🔷 Feelings of choking are common during panic attacks because anxiety can cause throat tightness and altered breathing patterns.

🔷 The client may feel unable to breathe even when oxygen saturation is normal.

🔷 This sensation often occurs with hyperventilation, chest tightness, and fear of suffocation.

🔷 The nurse should use a calm voice, remain with the client, and coach slow, controlled breathing.

🔷 A low-stimulation environment helps reduce the intensity of the panic response.

Hypoventilation

🔷 Panic attacks are more commonly associated with hyperventilation, not hypoventilation.

🔷 Hyperventilation can cause dizziness, tingling, chest tightness, and a choking sensation.

Increased appetite

🔷 Increased appetite is not a typical acute symptom of a panic attack.

🔷 Panic attacks more commonly cause nausea, abdominal distress, dry mouth, or reduced appetite.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Neologisms

Rationale :

💎 Neologisms are newly invented words or phrases that have meaning only to the client.

💎 The words “farfensnarf,” “credisfort,” and “zingast” are not standard words and represent abnormal word creation.

💎 This speech pattern is commonly seen in schizophrenia and reflects disorganized thought processes.

💎 The nurse should document the client’s exact words objectively without trying to assign false meaning to them.

💎 Therapeutic communication should focus on safety, emotional meaning, and gentle clarification when possible.

Echolalia

💎 Echolalia is the repetition of another person’s words or phrases.

💎 The client is creating new words rather than repeating what someone else said.

Flight of ideas

💎 Flight of ideas involves rapid movement from one topic to another with some loose connection.

💎 The main issue in this question is invented words, not rapid topic shifting.

Thought insertion

💎 Thought insertion is the belief that outside forces are placing thoughts into the client’s mind.

💎 This statement shows disorganized speech, not a delusion about thoughts being inserted.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Body dysmorphic disorder

Rationale :

🌟 Body dysmorphic disorder involves a persistent preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated flaw in appearance.

🌟 The client has a normal healthy appearance but believes the face is extremely ugly.

🌟 This distorted perception causes distress and can lead to avoidance of social situations.

🌟 The statement “I look like Frankenstein” shows an unrealistic and excessive concern about appearance.

🌟 Nursing care includes therapeutic communication, assessment for anxiety or depression, and support for treatment such as cognitive behavioral therapy.

Malingering

🌟 Malingering involves intentionally exaggerating or producing symptoms for external gain.

🌟 This client’s belief appears sincere and distorted, not intentionally deceptive.

Persistent depression disorder

🌟 Persistent depressive disorder involves chronic depressed mood lasting at least 2 years in adults.

🌟 The main problem here is distorted body image, not long-term low mood.

Somatization

🌟 Somatization involves psychological distress expressed through physical symptoms.

🌟 This client is focused on perceived ugliness, not multiple physical complaints.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Dialectical behavior therapy

Rationale :

🔶 Dialectical behavior therapy is one of the most effective treatments for borderline personality disorder.

🔶 It helps clients manage emotional extremes, impulsivity, unstable relationships, and self-destructive behaviors.

🔶 DBT teaches mindfulness, emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness.

🔶 These skills help the client replace intense, all-or-nothing reactions with more balanced responses.

🔶 DBT is especially useful because borderline personality disorder is strongly associated with emotional dysregulation and difficulty maintaining stable relationships.

Benzodiazepines

🔶 Benzodiazepines may reduce short-term anxiety but do not treat the core features of borderline personality disorder.

🔶 They can increase dependency risk and may worsen impulsivity in some clients.

Long-term inpatient hospitalization

🔶 Long-term hospitalization is not the preferred treatment for borderline personality disorder.

🔶 Structured therapy in an outpatient or controlled treatment setting is usually more beneficial.

Milieu therapy

🔶 Milieu therapy uses the treatment environment to encourage healthy behaviors.

🔶 It can support treatment but is not the most effective therapy for replacing emotional extremes in borderline personality disorder.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Altruism

Rationale :

🌿 Altruism is a mature defense mechanism in which a person copes with stress by helping others.

🌿 The client is experiencing constant family conflict but chooses to volunteer at a nursing home.

🌿 This allows the client to redirect emotional distress into a positive and meaningful activity.

🌿 Altruism benefits both the client and the people receiving help.

🌿 This is considered a healthy coping response because it reduces stress while promoting social connection and purpose.

Somatization

🌿 Somatization occurs when emotional distress is expressed as physical symptoms.

🌿 The client is not reporting physical symptoms related to family conflict.

Suppression

🌿 Suppression is the conscious decision to delay thinking about a stressful issue.

🌿 The client is not simply postponing thoughts but actively helping others.

Displacement

🌿 Displacement involves transferring emotions from one person or situation to a safer target.

🌿 The client is not redirecting anger or frustration onto another person or object.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Acute dystonia

Rationale :

🟣 Acute dystonia is an extrapyramidal symptom involving sudden, sustained muscle contractions.

🟣 It can cause stiffening or spasms of the face, neck, back, arms, legs, jaw, tongue, or eyes.

🟣 High-potency first-generation antipsychotics have a higher risk of causing acute dystonic reactions.

🟣 This reaction often occurs shortly after starting the medication or after a dose increase.

🟣 The nurse should recognize this as urgent because laryngeal involvement can threaten breathing, and treatment may include benztropine or diphenhydramine as prescribed.

Pseudoparkinsonism

🟣 Pseudoparkinsonism causes tremor, rigidity, slowed movement, shuffling gait, and mask-like facial expression.

🟣 The question describes sudden stiffening of muscles, which is more consistent with acute dystonia.

Akathisia

🟣 Akathisia causes intense restlessness and an inability to sit still.

🟣 The client would likely pace, shift constantly, or report inner restlessness rather than muscle stiffening.

Tardive dyskinesia

🟣 Tardive dyskinesia causes involuntary repetitive movements, especially lip smacking, tongue movements, or facial grimacing.

🟣 It usually occurs after long-term antipsychotic therapy rather than shortly after medication administration.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

30

Rationale :

🟡The prescribed dose is Lactulose 20 grams by mouth,

🟡The available dose is 10 grams/15 mL.

🟡Formula

📌Desired dose ÷ Available dose × Volume = Amount to administer.

📌20 g ÷ 10 g × 15 mL

✍️ 30 mL.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

300

Rationale :

🔵The prescribed infusion is 150 mL of ceftriaxone sodium

🔵To infuse over 30 minutes.

🔵30 minutes must be converted to 0.5 hour.

🔵Formula

📌Volume ÷ Time in hours = mL/hour.

📌150 mL ÷ 0.5 hour

💎300 mL/hour.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Mild anxiety

Rationale :

✅ Mild anxiety is the level of anxiety associated with normal everyday stress.

✅ The client states that the anxiety helps them work more effectively, which is a key feature of mild anxiety.

✅ Mild anxiety can increase alertness, motivation, learning, and problem-solving ability.

✅ Minor behaviors such as nail biting may occur, but the client can still communicate and function effectively.

✅ This level of anxiety does not significantly impair perception or decision-making.

Severe anxiety

✅ Severe anxiety greatly narrows perception and interferes with problem-solving.

✅ The client would have difficulty functioning rather than working more effectively.

Moderate anxiety

✅ Moderate anxiety narrows the perceptual field and may reduce concentration.

✅ The client may need assistance to refocus, which is not described in this scenario.

Panic

✅ Panic is the most intense level of anxiety and can cause disorganized behavior or inability to process reality.

✅ The client’s symptoms are mild and manageable, not overwhelming or disabling.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Repression

Rationale :

♦️ Repression is considered the foundation of many unconscious defense mechanisms.

♦️ It involves unconsciously blocking painful, threatening, or unacceptable thoughts from awareness.

♦️ The person does not intentionally choose to forget the thought or memory.

♦️ Repressed emotions may still influence behavior even though the person is unaware of the original conflict.

♦️ Many other defense mechanisms develop from repression because the mind protects itself by keeping distressing material outside conscious awareness.

Suppression

♦️ Suppression is a conscious decision to delay thinking about stressful feelings or events.

♦️ It is not the foundation of unconscious defense mechanisms because the person is aware of the issue.

Sublimation

♦️ Sublimation redirects unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

♦️ It is a mature defense mechanism but not the basic foundation of unconscious defenses.

Altruism

♦️ Altruism involves managing stress by helping others.

♦️ It is a healthy mature defense mechanism, not the foundation of unconscious defense mechanisms.

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QLexNursing

1 :
What physical symptoms can accompany a panic episode/attack? Select all that apply. One, some, or all may be correct.

2 :
A client with schizophrenia states, "I went to the farfensnarf and found the credisfort, and then I zingast the store." Which type of speech pattern is the client exhibiting?

3 :
A client with a normal healthy appearance says, "I don't go out much because my face is so ugly. I look like Frankenstein." This is an example of which disorder?

4 :
Which treatment has been widely successful in replacing extremes of emotion and behavior with more moderate responses for clients with a borderline personality disorder?

5 :
A client who reports constant family conflicts spends the evenings volunteering at a local nursing home. Which defense mechanism is the client using?

6 :
A client is receiving a high-potency first-generation antipsychotic. The nurse observes afterward that the client is experiencing stiffening of muscular activity in the face, body, arms, and legs. Which extrapyramidal symptom (EPS) will the nurse suspect is occurring?

7 :
The healthcare provider orders Lactulose 20 grams by mouth. The pharmacy dispenses you with 10 gram/15 mL. The nurse will administer 1 mL.

8 :
The physician's order says: 150 mL Ceftriaxone Sodium 1g to infuse over 30 minutes. The nurse will set the infusion rate for 1 mL/hour.

9 :
The nurse is assessing a client's level of anxiety. The client states, "It's just the usual everyday stuff that everyone has, but it actually helps me work more effectively. And I guess I bite my nails sometimes." Which level of anxiety does this represent?

10 :
Which term is used to describe the foundation of all unconscious defense mechanisms that people use to overcome stressful situations?

QLexNursing

1 : What physical symptoms can accompany a panic episode/attack? Select all that apply. One, some, or all may be correct.

2 : A client with schizophrenia states, "I went to the farfensnarf and found the credisfort, and then I zingast the store." Which type of speech pattern is the client exhibiting?

3 : A client with a normal healthy appearance says, "I don't go out much because my face is so ugly. I look like Frankenstein." This is an example of which disorder?

4 : Which treatment has been widely successful in replacing extremes of emotion and behavior with more moderate responses for clients with a borderline personality disorder?

5 : A client who reports constant family conflicts spends the evenings volunteering at a local nursing home. Which defense mechanism is the client using?

6 : A client is receiving a high-potency first-generation antipsychotic. The nurse observes afterward that the client is experiencing stiffening of muscular activity in the face, body, arms, and legs. Which extrapyramidal symptom (EPS) will the nurse suspect is occurring?

7 : The healthcare provider orders Lactulose 20 grams by mouth. The pharmacy dispenses you with 10 gram/15 mL. The nurse will administer 1 mL.

8 : The physician's order says: 150 mL Ceftriaxone Sodium 1g to infuse over 30 minutes. The nurse will set the infusion rate for 1 mL/hour.

9 : The nurse is assessing a client's level of anxiety. The client states, "It's just the usual everyday stuff that everyone has, but it actually helps me work more effectively. And I guess I bite my nails sometimes." Which level of anxiety does this represent?

10 : Which term is used to describe the foundation of all unconscious defense mechanisms that people use to overcome stressful situations?

1 :
What physical symptoms can accompany a panic episode/attack? Select all that apply. One, some, or all may be correct.

2 :
A client with schizophrenia states, "I went to the farfensnarf and found the credisfort, and then I zingast the store." Which type of speech pattern is the client exhibiting?

3 :
A client with a normal healthy appearance says, "I don't go out much because my face is so ugly. I look like Frankenstein." This is an example of which disorder?

4 :
Which treatment has been widely successful in replacing extremes of emotion and behavior with more moderate responses for clients with a borderline personality disorder?

5 :
A client who reports constant family conflicts spends the evenings volunteering at a local nursing home. Which defense mechanism is the client using?

6 :
A client is receiving a high-potency first-generation antipsychotic. The nurse observes afterward that the client is experiencing stiffening of muscular activity in the face, body, arms, and legs. Which extrapyramidal symptom (EPS) will the nurse suspect is occurring?

7 :
The healthcare provider orders Lactulose 20 grams by mouth. The pharmacy dispenses you with 10 gram/15 mL. The nurse will administer 1 mL.

8 :
The physician's order says: 150 mL Ceftriaxone Sodium 1g to infuse over 30 minutes. The nurse will set the infusion rate for 1 mL/hour.

9 :
The nurse is assessing a client's level of anxiety. The client states, "It's just the usual everyday stuff that everyone has, but it actually helps me work more effectively. And I guess I bite my nails sometimes." Which level of anxiety does this represent?

10 :
Which term is used to describe the foundation of all unconscious defense mechanisms that people use to overcome stressful situations?