Question

The nurse explains human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to a client newly diagnosed with the condition. What is important for the nurse to tell the client?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

"It is very easy to get infections as HIV suppresses the immune system."

Rationale :

💠 HIV attacks CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes, which coordinate immune defense.

💠 Destruction of these cells weakens the adaptive immune system, increasing infection risk.

💠 Opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis jirovecii or tuberculosis become common.

💠 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps slow viral replication but does not cure the disease.

💠 Continuous immune monitoring and infection prevention education are vital for management.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Nicotine use
Breakfast intake

Rationale :

🔹 Nicotine use: Smoking relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing acid reflux into the esophagus

🔹 Nicotine also increases gastric acid secretion and decreases salivation that neutralizes acid

🔹 Continuous smoking irritates the esophageal mucosa, worsening gastroesophageal reflux symptoms

🔹 Avoiding smoking is vital as it reduces symptom recurrence and aids mucosal healing

🔹 Nurses should promote smoking cessation and healthy habits in GERD clients

🔹 Breakfast intake: High-fat foods such as bacon and whole milk delay gastric emptying, worsening reflux

🔹 Fatty meals increase intra-abdominal pressure, allowing acid backflow

🔹 GERD patients should consume low-fat, small, frequent meals to minimize reflux risk

🔹 Avoiding lying down within 2 hours after meals prevents symptom flare-ups

🔹 Nurses should guide clients on dietary changes and trigger avoidance

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

Risk for falls because of dopamine imbalance.

Rationale :

🔷 Parkinson’s disease results from loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra

🔷 Dopamine deficiency causes muscle rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia affecting coordination

🔷 Clients are at high risk for falls due to postural instability and slow reflexes

🔷 Levodopa therapy helps replace dopamine, improving movement control

🔷 Nursing care includes assistive devices, safety education, and fall precautions

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Wash the affected area.

Rationale :

✳️ Immediate washing removes urushiol resin from poison ivy, preventing deeper skin absorption

✳️ Soap and water reduce spread and intensity of allergic dermatitis

✳️ Applying creams before cleansing traps irritants, worsening inflammation

✳️ Nurses should advise washing contaminated clothing and equipment to prevent re-exposure

✳️ Early cleansing minimizes itching, redness, and blister formation

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Heatstroke

Rationale :

💎 Heatstroke occurs when thermoregulatory mechanisms fail and body temperature rises above 40°C

💎 The absence of sweating indicates failure of heat dissipation

💎 Neurological changes like confusion or loss of consciousness signal brain dysfunction

💎 This is a medical emergency requiring rapid cooling and IV fluid resuscitation

💎 Older adults and dehydrated individuals are at greatest risk during hot weather

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Metabolic alkalosis

Rationale :

🔶 Prolonged vomiting causes loss of gastric acid (HCl) leading to an alkaline state

🔶 The pH increases while bicarbonate levels rise, producing metabolic alkalosis

🔶 The body compensates by slowing respirations to retain CO₂

🔶 Hypokalemia commonly accompanies this due to hydrogen–potassium ion exchange

🔶 Treatment includes fluid and electrolyte replacement and antiemetic administration

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Disuse atrophy

Rationale :

🟢 Muscles not used for prolonged periods lose mass and strength due to protein degradation

🟢 Immobility or casting causes muscle fiber shrinkage and reduced contractility

🟢 It is a reversible process with regular exercise and physiotherapy

🟢 Nursing interventions include range-of-motion (ROM) and early mobilization

🟢 Long-term disuse can result in joint stiffness and functional decline

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

Cover the open area with an airtight bandage.

Rationale :

🔴 The open wound allows air entry into pleural space, leading to a sucking chest wound

🔴 Applying an occlusive dressing taped on three sides prevents further air from entering

🔴 This converts it into a closed pneumothorax and stabilizes breathing

🔴 Immediate oxygen therapy follows wound sealing to improve oxygenation

🔴 The nurse must then prepare for chest tube insertion to re-expand the lung

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Sickle cell anemia

Rationale :

🟣 A genetic mutation produces hemoglobin S, which sickles under low oxygen conditions

🟣 Sickled cells clump and block vessels, causing pain and tissue ischemia

🟣 Repeated crises lead to organ damage and chronic anemia

🟣 Hydration, oxygen therapy, and pain management are key nursing priorities

🟣 Genetic counseling is recommended for family planning and education

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

Negative feedback

Rationale :

🟡 The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis regulates hormone balance via negative feedback

🟡 When thyroid hormones rise, they suppress TSH and TRH secretion

🟡 This prevents overproduction and maintains endocrine homeostasis

🟡 Disruption in this loop leads to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism

🟡 Nurses should teach clients that feedback systems maintain internal stability

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QLexNursing

1 :
The nurse explains human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to a client newly diagnosed with the condition. What is important for the nurse to tell the client?

2 :
The nurse works in a long-term care facility and cares for a client with Alzheimer's disease and gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

Answer Options

3 :
When caring for a client newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, the nurse is correct in telling the client that which risk factor and neurotransmitter is associated with this condition?

4 :
A camp nurse cares for a child with contact dermatitis caused by poison ivy. Which is the nurse's first action?

6 :
The client presents to the emergency department (ED) with a 24-hour history of excessive vomiting. What is most concerning for the ED nurse?

7 :
A client with multiple injuries from a motor vehicle accident has been hospitalized and immobile for the past thirty days. What is the client likely to experience?

8 :
A client arrives at the emergency department with an open chest wound from a knife stabbing. What is the nurse's priority action?

9 :
A young client has a genetic disorder of the red blood cells (RBC), where the RBCs and hemoglobin synthesis are abnormal. Based on this information, which type of anemia will the nurse educate the client and parents about?

10 :
A client with hyperthyroidism reads about the regulation of the thyroid hormone and asks the nurse how the body knows when enough hormone is in the system, and no more should be secreted. Which system does the nurse tell the client is responsible for this process?

QLexNursing

1 : The nurse explains human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to a client newly diagnosed with the condition. What is important for the nurse to tell the client?

2 : The nurse works in a long-term care facility and cares for a client with Alzheimer's disease and gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

Answer Options

3 : When caring for a client newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, the nurse is correct in telling the client that which risk factor and neurotransmitter is associated with this condition?

4 : A camp nurse cares for a child with contact dermatitis caused by poison ivy. Which is the nurse's first action?

6 : The client presents to the emergency department (ED) with a 24-hour history of excessive vomiting. What is most concerning for the ED nurse?

7 : A client with multiple injuries from a motor vehicle accident has been hospitalized and immobile for the past thirty days. What is the client likely to experience?

8 : A client arrives at the emergency department with an open chest wound from a knife stabbing. What is the nurse's priority action?

9 : A young client has a genetic disorder of the red blood cells (RBC), where the RBCs and hemoglobin synthesis are abnormal. Based on this information, which type of anemia will the nurse educate the client and parents about?

10 : A client with hyperthyroidism reads about the regulation of the thyroid hormone and asks the nurse how the body knows when enough hormone is in the system, and no more should be secreted. Which system does the nurse tell the client is responsible for this process?

1 :
The nurse explains human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to a client newly diagnosed with the condition. What is important for the nurse to tell the client?

2 :
The nurse works in a long-term care facility and cares for a client with Alzheimer's disease and gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

3 :
When caring for a client newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, the nurse is correct in telling the client that which risk factor and neurotransmitter is associated with this condition?

4 :
A camp nurse cares for a child with contact dermatitis caused by poison ivy. Which is the nurse's first action?

6 :
The client presents to the emergency department (ED) with a 24-hour history of excessive vomiting. What is most concerning for the ED nurse?

7 :
A client with multiple injuries from a motor vehicle accident has been hospitalized and immobile for the past thirty days. What is the client likely to experience?

8 :
A client arrives at the emergency department with an open chest wound from a knife stabbing. What is the nurse's priority action?

9 :
A young client has a genetic disorder of the red blood cells (RBC), where the RBCs and hemoglobin synthesis are abnormal. Based on this information, which type of anemia will the nurse educate the client and parents about?

10 :
A client with hyperthyroidism reads about the regulation of the thyroid hormone and asks the nurse how the body knows when enough hormone is in the system, and no more should be secreted. Which system does the nurse tell the client is responsible for this process?