Question

A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client following an episode of status asthmaticus. The client has a prescription for two inhalations from an albuterol metered-dose inhaler. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

"I will hold my breath at least 10 seconds after inhaling the medication."

Rationale :

🔷 Holding the breath for at least 10 seconds allows the medication to settle deeply into the airways, maximizing bronchodilation and ensuring better drug absorption.

🔷 This technique is essential after using albuterol, a short-acting beta2-agonist, which works by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles.

🔷 Educating patients on proper inhaler technique is critical in preventing recurrence of status asthmaticus by improving medication effectiveness.

🔷 Clients should inhale slowly and deeply, then hold their breath, and only wait 1–2 minutes between puffs, not 10 minutes.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

50

Rationale :

To calculate the IV flow rate in gtt/min, use the formula:

Flow rate (gtt/min)=(Volume to infuse in mL×Drop factor)÷Time in minutes

Step-by-step:

Volume = 400 mL
Time = 8 hours = 8 × 60 = 480 minutes
Drop factor = 60 gtt/mL

Flow rate=(400×60)÷480=24000÷480=50 gtt/min

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

"A headache is a common adverse effect of this medication, but it will probably occur less often over time.

Rationale :

💊 Headache is a common and expected side effect of nitroglycerin due to its vasodilatory effect, which increases blood flow and may dilate cerebral vessels, causing pain.

💊 This reaction is not an allergy, but rather a dose-related pharmacologic effect.

💊 Patients often develop tolerance to this side effect with continued use, and it usually lessens over time.

💊 Nurses should reassure the client and, if needed, suggest using mild analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen) while continuing therapy.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Physicians' Desk Reference
Published journals
Pharmacists

Rationale :

🟢 A. Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)

🟢 The Physicians' Desk Reference is a widely accepted, comprehensive drug guide used by healthcare professionals. It includes official, FDA-approved drug information supplied directly by pharmaceutical manufacturers, ensuring accuracy.

🟢 It provides detailed data on dosage, indications, contraindications, interactions, side effects, and usage guidelines, making it a reliable and standardized resource.

🟢 Nurses can use the PDR to confirm medication safety, proper administration techniques, and patient teaching points, especially for newly introduced drugs.

🟢 B. Published Journals

🟢 Peer-reviewed medical and nursing journals, such as The American Journal of Nursing or The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), are excellent sources of up-to-date, evidence-based information.

🟢 These journals present clinical trials, research studies, systematic reviews, and expert opinions that guide best practices and pharmacological decision-making.

🟢 Using journal articles helps nurses stay informed about emerging medications, off-label uses, clinical effectiveness, safety concerns, and ongoing research in the healthcare field.

🟢 D. Pharmacists

🟢 Pharmacists are specialized healthcare providers in pharmacology who can be consulted for real-time, accurate medication information and clinical guidance.

🟢 They are equipped to evaluate drug interactions, appropriate dosing, renal or hepatic adjustments, IV compatibility, and adverse effects.

🟢 Pharmacists are especially helpful in multidrug therapy settings, such as hospitals and long-term care, where medication regimens are complex and require expert review.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

Check the client's vital signs.

Rationale :

🔴 The first priority after a medication error is to assess the client’s condition, especially by checking vital signs to determine if the client is experiencing any adverse effects.

🔴 According to the nursing process (ADPIE), assessment always comes first before notifying or documenting, as it ensures client safety and guides the next actions.

🔴 Once the client's status is evaluated and stabilized if necessary, the nurse can then notify the charge nurse, document, and complete an incident report.

🔴 Monitoring vital signs is a critical first response to identify potential signs of toxicity, allergic reaction, or therapeutic compromise due to the error.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Move the decimal point 3 places to the right

Rationale :

🧪 When converting grams (g) to milligrams (mg), you multiply by 1,000 because 1 gram = 1,000 milligrams.

🧪 Multiplying by 1,000 is the same as moving the decimal point 3 places to the right.

🧪 For example:

2 grams = 2.000 → 2,000 mg

🧪 Understanding metric conversions is essential for safe and accurate medication administration in nursing practice.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

2

Rationale :

🔺To calculate:

🔺Tablets to give=Desired dose÷Available dose

🔺Desired dose = 0.25 mg

🔺Available dose = 0.125 mg per tablet

🔺0.25÷0.125=2 tablets

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

"Apply the ointment in a thin line into the conjunctival sac."

Rationale :

🟠 The correct technique for applying ophthalmic ointment is to gently pull down the lower eyelid to expose the conjunctival sac and apply a thin ribbon (1–2 cm) of ointment from inner to outer canthus.

🟠 This method ensures that the medication is placed where it can best contact the mucous membranes and avoids contamination or irritation.

🟠 The client should close the eye gently (not tightly) after application to help distribute the ointment evenly.

🟠 This instruction promotes both therapeutic effectiveness and infection control in treating bacterial conjunctivitis.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

Withhold the digoxin dose for decreased heart rate.

Rationale :

🟥 Digoxin slows the heart rate by increasing vagal tone and enhancing cardiac contractility, which is beneficial in heart failure.

🟥 However, it should be withheld if the apical heart rate is below 60 beats per minute in adults, due to the risk of bradycardia and heart block.

🟥 In this case, the client’s heart rate is 54/min, which is below the safe threshold for administration.

🟥 The nurse should withhold the dose and notify the provider for further evaluation and possible dosage adjustment.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

0.6

Rationale :

To calculate the volume to administer, use the formula:

Volume to give=Desired dose÷Available concentration

Desired dose = 3 mg

Available concentration = 5 mg/mL

3÷5=0.6 mL

✅ Correct Answer: 0.6 mL

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QLexNursing

1 :
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client following an episode of status asthmaticus. The client has a prescription for two inhalations from an albuterol metered-dose inhaler. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Step-by-step:

3 :
A nurse administered nitroglycerin sublingually to a client who has angina pectoris and experienced chest pain. The client states that his chest pain is relieved but now he has a headache. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

4 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse regarding sources of medication information. Which of the following resources should the nurse include as reliable references for the nurse to use to evaluate medication information? (Select all that apply.)

5 :
A nurse administers the wrong medication to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

6 :
A nurse is preparing a medication for a client and is converting grams to milligrams. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

7 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg PO daily. The amount available is digoxin 0.125 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

8 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client with bacterial conjunctivitis of the right eye, and a prescription for an antibiotic ophthalmic ointment. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

9 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg PO daily for heart failure. The client's current vital signs are: BP 144/96, heart rate 54/min, respirations 18/min, and temperature 37° C (98.6° F). Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

10 :
A nurse is preparing to administer diazepam 3 mg IM. The amount available is diazepam for injection 5 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

QLexNursing

1 : A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client following an episode of status asthmaticus. The client has a prescription for two inhalations from an albuterol metered-dose inhaler. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Step-by-step:

3 : A nurse administered nitroglycerin sublingually to a client who has angina pectoris and experienced chest pain. The client states that his chest pain is relieved but now he has a headache. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

4 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse regarding sources of medication information. Which of the following resources should the nurse include as reliable references for the nurse to use to evaluate medication information? (Select all that apply.)

5 : A nurse administers the wrong medication to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

6 : A nurse is preparing a medication for a client and is converting grams to milligrams. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

7 : A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg PO daily. The amount available is digoxin 0.125 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

8 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client with bacterial conjunctivitis of the right eye, and a prescription for an antibiotic ophthalmic ointment. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

9 : A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg PO daily for heart failure. The client's current vital signs are: BP 144/96, heart rate 54/min, respirations 18/min, and temperature 37° C (98.6° F). Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

10 : A nurse is preparing to administer diazepam 3 mg IM. The amount available is diazepam for injection 5 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

1 :
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client following an episode of status asthmaticus. The client has a prescription for two inhalations from an albuterol metered-dose inhaler. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

3 :
A nurse administered nitroglycerin sublingually to a client who has angina pectoris and experienced chest pain. The client states that his chest pain is relieved but now he has a headache. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

4 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse regarding sources of medication information. Which of the following resources should the nurse include as reliable references for the nurse to use to evaluate medication information? (Select all that apply.)

5 :
A nurse administers the wrong medication to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

6 :
A nurse is preparing a medication for a client and is converting grams to milligrams. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

7 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg PO daily. The amount available is digoxin 0.125 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

8 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client with bacterial conjunctivitis of the right eye, and a prescription for an antibiotic ophthalmic ointment. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

9 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg PO daily for heart failure. The client's current vital signs are: BP 144/96, heart rate 54/min, respirations 18/min, and temperature 37° C (98.6° F). Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

10 :
A nurse is preparing to administer diazepam 3 mg IM. The amount available is diazepam for injection 5 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)